The story of England Mannyng, Robert, fl. 1288-1338.880 600dpi TIFF G4 page imagesUniversity of Michigan LibraryAnn Arbor, Michigan2006AHB1379.0001.001DA 25 .B5 no.87

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[Great Britain. Public Record Office]. Rerum britannicarum medii aevi scriptores ; no. 87Rerum Britannicarum medii aevi scriptores ; no. 87The story of England Mannyng, Robert, fl. 1288-1338.Furnivall, Frederick James, ed. 1825-1910.2 v. 26 cm. London,Longman & co.; [etc., etc.]1887.

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 eng Great Britain -- History

THE STORY OF ENGLAND BY ROBERT MANNING OF BRUNNE, A.D. 1338.

EDITED FROM MSS. AT LAMBETH PALACE AND THE INNER TEMPLE, BY FREDERICK J. FURNIVALL, M.A. TRIN. HALL, CAMBRIDGE; HON. DR. PHIL., BERLIN.

PART I.

PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHORITY OF THE LORDS COMMISSIONERS OF HER MAJESTY'S TREASURY, UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE MASTER OF THE ROLLS. LONDON: LONGMAN & CO., PATERNOSTER ROW; TRÜBNER & CO., LUDGATE HILL: ALSO PARKER & CO., OXFORD; AND MACMILLAN & CO., CAMBRIDGE; A. & C. BLACK, AND DOUGLAS AND FOULIS, EDINBURGH; AND A. THOM & CO., LIMITED, DUBLIN. 1887.

Printed by EYRE and SPOTTISWOODE, Her Majesty's Printers For Her Majesty's Stationery Office.

THE STORY OF ENGLAND BY ROBERT MANNING OF BRUNNE, A.D. 1338.

EDITED FROM MSS. AT LAMBETH PALACE AND THE INNER TEMPLE, BY FREDERICK J. FURNIVALL, M.A. TRIN. HALL, CAMBRIDGE; HON. DR. PHIL., BERLIN.

PART II.

PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHORITY OF THE LORDS COMMISSIONERS OF HER MAJESTY'S TREASURY, UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE MASTER OF THE ROLLS. LONDON: PRINTED FOR HER MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE, BY EYRE AND SPOTTISWOODE, PRINTERS TO THE QUEEN'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY. And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from EYRE AND SPOTTISWOODE, EAST HARDING STREET, FLEET STREET, E.C.; or ADAM AND CHARLES BLACK, 6, NORTH BRIDGE, EDINBURGH; or HODGES, FIGGIS, & Co., 104, GRAFTON STREET, DUBLIN. 1887.

Printed by EYRE and SPOTTISWOODE, Her Majesty's Printers. For Her Majesty's Stationery Office.

Þe Story of Englande als Robert Mannyng wryten it fand, & on Inglysch has it schewed. The first 198 lines are from the Inner Temple MS., Petyt MSS. No. 511, vol. 7. The dots on the left of certain lines show that the lines dotted are not translated from Wace, as he is shown by the Paris MS. du Roi, No. 27, printed by Le Roux de Lincy, Rouen, 1836.Incipit Prologus de Historia Britannie transumpta per Robertum in materna lingua. Lordynges that be now here, if ȝe wille listene & lere All the story of Inglande als Robert Mannyng wryten it fand, & on Inglysch has it schewed, not for þe lerid bot for þe lewed, ffor þo þat in þis land[e] wone þat þe Latyn no Frankys cone, ffor to haf solace & gamen In felawschip when þai sitt samen. And it is wisdom for to wytten þe state of þe land, & haf it wryten, what manere of folk first it wan, & of what kynde it first began; And gude it is for many thynges for to here þe dedis of kynges, whilk were foles, & whilk were wyse, & whilk of þam couthe most quantyse, and whilk did wrong, & whilk ryght, & whilk maynten[e]d pes & fyght. Of þare dedes sall be my sawe; & what tyme, & of what lawe I sall yow schewe fro gre to gre sen þe tyme of sir Noe, ffro Noe vnto Eneas, & what betwix þam was; And fro Eneas till Brutus tyme, . . . . ffro Brutus till Cadwaladres, þe last Bryton þat þis lande lees. All þat kynde & all þe frute þat come of Brutus, þat is þe Brute; And þe ryght Brute is told nomore þan þe Brytons tyme wore. After þe Bretons þe Inglis camen, þe lordschip of þis lande þai namen, Southe & northe, west & est, þat calle men now þe Inglis gest. when þai first [came] amang þe Bretons, þat now ere Inglis, þan were Saxons; Saxons Inglis hight alle oliche; þai aryued vp at Sandwyche In þe kynges tyme Vortogerne, þat þe lande walde þam not werne. þat were Maysters of alle þe toþire, Hengist he hight, & Hors his broþire; þes were hede, als we fynde, where-of is comen oure Inglis kynde. A hundrethe & fifty ȝere þai com or þai receyued cristendom; So lang woned þai þis lande in, or þai herde out of Saynt Austyn, Amang þe Bretons with mykelle wo, In sclaundire & threte, & in thro. þes Inglis dedes ȝe may here, as Pers telles alle þe manere. One Mayster Wace þe ffrankes telles, þe Brute, all þat þe Latyn spelles, ffro Eneas till Cadwaladre; þis Mayster Wace þer leues he. And ryght as Mayster Wace says, I telle myn Inglis þe same ways; ffor Mayster Wace þe Latyn alle rymes þat Pers ouerhippis many tymes. Mayster Wace þe Brute alle redes, & Pers tellis alle þe Inglis dedes; þer Mayster Wace of þe Brute left, ryght begynnes Pers [þer] eft, And tellis forth þe Inglis story, & as he says, þan say I. Als þai haf wryten & sayd, haf I alle in myn Inglis layd, In symple speche as I couthe, þat is lightest in mannes mouthe. I mad noght for no disours, ne for no seggers, no harpours, Bot for þe luf of symple men þat strange Inglis can not ken; ffor many it ere þat strange Inglis In ryme wate neuer what it is; And bot þai wist what it mente, ellis me thoght it were alle schente. I made it not forto be praysed, bot at þe lewed men were aysed. If it were made in ryme couwee, or in strangere or enterlace, þat rede Inglis it ere inowe, þat couthe not haf coppled a kowe, þat outhere in couwee or in baston som suld haf ben fordon, so þat fele men þat it herde suld not witte howe þat it ferde: I see in song, in sedgeyng tale of Erceldoun & of Kendale, Non þam says as þai þam wroght, & in þer sayng it semes noght; þat may þou here in sir Tristrem; ouer gestes it has þe steem, Ouer alle that is or was, if men it sayd as made Thomas; But I here it no man so say, þat of som copple som is away; So þare fayre sayng here beforn is þare trauayle nere forlorn; þai sayd it for pride & nobleye, þat non were suylk as þei; And all þat þai wild ouerwhere, all þat ilk will now forfare. þai sayd in so quante Inglis þat many one wate not what it is. þerfore [I] henyed[MS. henþed] wele þe more In strange ryme to trauayle sore; And my witte was oure thynne So strange speche to trauayle in; And forsoth I couth[e] noght so strange Inglis as þai wroght; And men besoght me many a tyme to turne it bot in light[e] ryme; þai sayd, if I in strange it turne, to here it manyon suld skurne; ffor it ere names full selcouthe þat ere not vsed now in mouthe; And þerfore for þe comonalte þat blythely wild listen to me, On light[e] lange I it began, for luf of þe lewed man, to telle þam þe chaunces bolde þat here before was don & tolde. ffor þis makyng I will no mede bot gude prayere when ȝe it rede; þerfore, [alle] ȝe lordes lewed, ffor wham I haf þis Inglis schewed, Prayes to God he gyf me grace,— I trauayled for ȝour solace;— Of Brunne I am, if any me blame, Robert Mannyng is my name; Blissed be he of God of heuene þat me, Robert, with gude wille neuene; In þe third Edwardes tyme was I when I wrote alle þis story, In þe hous of Sixille I was a throwe; Danz Robert of Malton þat ȝe know, did it wryte for felawes sake, when þai wild solace make. Dares Frigius, qui historiam Troianorum scripsit, ait se militasse vsque dum Troia capta est, hosque duces se vidisse cum indutie essent & partim prelio interfuisse. Dares the Freson of Troie first wrote, & putt it in buke þat we now wote; he was a clerk and a gude knyght, when Troie was lorn he sawe þat fight; Alle þe barons wele he knewe, he tellis þer stature & þer hewe, long or schorte, whyte or blak, alle he telles, gude or lak. Alle þer lymmes, how þai besemed, In his buke has Dares demed, Both of Troie & of Grece, whatkyns schappe was ilka pece; Of manyon he reknes & sayes, both of Troiens & of Gregeis, þat it were oure long to telle, & many wald not þer-in duelle þare names alle forto here, bot þe Latyn is fayre to lere. Ego Galfridus Arthurus Monemutensis, qui hanc historiam Britonum de eorum lingua in nos|tram transferre curaui, dimitto fortunas suc|cessoribus meis scribendas. Geffrey Arthure of Minumue, fro Breton speche he did remue, & made it alle in Latyn þat clerkes haf now knawyng in. In Gloucestre was fonden a buke þat þe Inglis couthe not rede no luke On þat langage þai knew no herde; bot an erle þat hyght Roberde, he prayed þat ilk clerk Geffrey to turne it fro þat speche away In-to Latyn, as it mente, þat þe Inglis mot know þe entente; ffor Geffrey knew þe langage wele, In Latyn he broght it ilka dele. Siþen com a clerk, Mayster Wace, to make romance had he grace, & turned it to Latyne, & rymed it in Frankis fyne vnto þe Cadwaladres; no forer, þer makes he ses. Als Geffrey in Latyn sayd, so Mayster Wace in Frankis layd; þe date of Criste was þan þis lyue, A thousand ȝere fifty & fyue. Than com out of Brydlyngton Pers of Langtoft, a chanon; Als Mayster Wace þe same he says, bot he rymed it oþer ways; he begynnes at Eneas, of alle þe Brute he tellis þe pas, & s[i]þen[or syen] alle þe Inglis dedis; feyrere langage non ne redis. After þe Inglis kynges he says þer pris þat all in metir fulle wele lys; And I, Robert, fulle fayn wald bringe In Inglis tonge þer faire saiynge. The Lambeth MS. begins here, and the text is printed from it. A modern hand has put the following title to the MS.:—"A Chronicle of "England, in olde Englishe meeter, "from Brute to King Richarde ye ".I., made by Piers of Langtofte, "chanonne of Bridlington, and "putte into Englishe ryme by Ro|"bert de Brunne iuxta Depinge .v. "infr. f. lxxiij." The various read|ings are from the Petyt MS.God gyve me grace wel to spede, þys rym on Englische for to rede. Genealogia primi regis Troge & Enee a Noe et Saphet vsque ad Loquerinumlocrinum. deducta. Now of þe story wyl we A later hand has struck out wyl (wille P.) and prefixed be to gynne.gynne: Whan God took wreche of Kaymeswreke of Caym. synne, Þe erthe was waryed in his werk— Als yMS. scratched over with a pen. "as in," P. þe bible seys þe Clerk/,— & þerfore God sente a flood Þat&. fordide al flesche & blood,The later hand puts both for al, and all before blood; as also both before Man in the next line, and & left before Bot in the line after. Man & best þat beren lyues, Bot foure men & foure wyues. So mykel was þenneþan. mannes trespas, Þat alle þat euer of Adam was Wyþynne a þousand ȝer & mo, In þat flod were lorn alle þo. Bot Noe & his þre sones And þeir wyues—þe bible hit mones— Wer none worthi in Godes sight, Ne non bot þese þat liuedenlyued. ryght. þyse were þoþes were þai. þat skaped þe deþ, Noe, Seem, Cam, & Sapheþ,Iapheth. And þer wyues þatþai. wiþ þemþam. nam; þo þat now ar, of þys folk þeyere of þes aught. cam. ÞyseThis. Noe sones, ȝe hanhaf. wel herd How þey departed al þys werd:þe werlde. þey departed [it]parted it. in þre parties, And names gaf at þeir deuis, Assye, Aufryk, & Europe; þys arþes ere. þe parties, wel y hope. Sem was þe eldest:was eldest. he ches Assye; Cam took Aufryk tilto. his partie; Saphet,Iapheth. EuropèThe accent is in the MS. he took; & þus þey parted,& þis departid. als seyþ þe book. Tot terre sunt in vniuerso mundo. How many landes in ilk of þyse, Ilk a partie haþ þeyrhas þer. assise: In Assye fiftene landes are, Bot þer names we seye nona. mare: India, Assery, and Partye, Sire, Perce, Mede, Mesapotanie, Capadoce, Palestine, & Armenye, Cylyce, Cades, & Arrabye, Al Egipte, & Lybye; þyse arere. þe landes in Assye. ¶ Tyl Aufryk twelf landes longe,lang. Þat Cam til his partie gan fonge:parte vnderfang. Cireneus, Pentapolys, & Lyddya, Ethiope, Tripolitan, & Pysancia,Bizancia. Gentulye,Getulie. Natabrie, Numidye, Maurytan & Tynguytanie; Sirtes þe more & þe lasse, ffor þe twelfte teld hit es. ¶ ffifteneffouretene. To make 15, the pope's dwelling must be counted as one land. landes ar in Europe, Saphethes partie, þer dwelleþwas Iapheth parte þer es. þe Pope: Romanie,Rome. (Poille is omitted.) Calabre, Poille, & Spayne, Massedoigne & Alemaygne, Tracye, Dalmank, & PamonieDalmatik, Pannonie. Lange-dok, ffraunce,Coloyne, Galle. Acquitonie, Brytaigne, Irland,—þyse arnþes be. þe best,— And al þe Northe toward þe west. Now schalsall. we telle as we fynde How Eneas com of SaphethesIaphet. kynde; ffol merk hit ys for to here, Bot algate a man may lere. Genealogia, siue generacio. Noe þat God saued froNoe god saued fro þe. deþ. His sone was cald sirewas sir. Saphet. Iauan, his sone þat camcom. of hym, He hadde a sone þat hight Setym;Cetim. SetymesCetim. sone, Ciprius hight, A man of ffame & of myght; So mikel þat tyme was his fame, þe lande of Cipre offor. hym had name. Of þys noble sire Cyprius, Was a sone þat hightmen called. Cretus; þis Cretus an ilde he augte,MS. augste; P. has aught. þe name of hym Cret hit laughte. Cretus sone hyghte Cellius, And Cellius sone was Saturnus; Saturnus sone highte Iubiter, In astronomie he lerede fer. Þis ilk Iubiter had tweyþis Iubiter had twa. wyues, Kynges doughtres, faire lyues; Þat onþe ton. hight Maye, þat oþerþe toþer. Electra, Þeþer. ffader hight AclasAtlans. of þem twa; ffor Aclas alle hise men calde,for Atlans a hill men called. Mons AclatisAtlantis. ȝif hit now halde; Þeþat. hil was so hey, as men hit leet,so hij men lette. Þat heuen (men seye) hit vnder-feet.sayd it vndersette.? feet=took. Þys noble kynge sire Aclas,Atlas. In his orchardlordschip. a tre þer was, þat gilden apples hit bar ere-moreeuermore. Al þe tyme þat apples wore;tymes þat appilles are. & alwey on dragon hem kepte;Alle tymes a dragon þam. SynSiþen. were þey stolen þe whilewhils. he slepte. þys Iubiter lay dame Maye by, & gat on hureof hir. sire Mercury; Of Electra he gat an oþer, Dardanum, MercuriusMercury. brother. Iubiter loued wel more Maye And Mercury þan þe oþer twaye, P. omits these two lines.. Wel more Maye & Mercurium Þan Electra or Dardanum.P. omits these two lines. ffor loue of Maye he dide calle Þe monthe of May þat we knoweknaw. alle; ffor in that month made þey feste, Þat time þey helden most honeste.þai helde fairest & Mest. Þys Darda[n]um gaf hym to chiualrie; Mercury gaf him al to clergie. ¶ þys Dardanus was a noble kynge, Hys Godes schewed hym mykel þynge, & bed him gonP. omits gon. til Ytalye, Toward Samo, þorough Tracye; (Tracie for-sothe ys a lond, Samo a contre, y vnderstond;) Þe whilk Dardan þorow maistrie Mad hemMade þam. boþ on, Samo-Tracye; Samo-Tracie haþat. his deuise. Syþen he wente in-tilvnto. ffrise, & gaf hitP. omits hit. name when he þer cam, After him self Dardaniam; Þe name of ffryse calde Dardanye, Als he calde Tracye Samotracye. Of þys Dardan com a sone Erectorius,Erictonius. þat þer gan wone. þys Erectorius a sone he gat, TroiusTroys.; a noble man was þat Of rightfulnesse & pitee; Ouer alle oþer praised was he ffor a rightful man & hende, Of hym ys mynsyng wiþ-outen ende, ffor he made a cite of ioye After his name, && after his name. calde hit Troye; Of þys Troye, þystroys þe. stori mones, Com of hym totuo. noble sones, Þat onþe tone. hight Ile, þat oþer Asserak, Þys wer þer names, þe stori spak; Ile was after his ffader kynge, He made a cite of fair byggynge, And after him selueself. made hit ryght, Ilye after Ile hit hight. Of þis Ile a sone was on, & his name was Laomedon; Þys Laomedon a bataille chees; He was slayn wyþ Ercules. Of Troye was mad destructione Þorow Iason, kynge Pelles sone. Of þys nys nought to tellen her, ffor hit ys nought of oure mater. Of Laomedon com Priamus, Volcontus, and Ysypilus; & a doughter of him cam, Hure name was Esionam. ¶ Of Pryamus, eldest & mor, He had a sone men cald Ector, & oþer syxe, & doughtres two, Þe names may ȝe here of þo; Alysaundre, Parys, Deyphebum, Elenim,Helenum. Troyl, Amphimacum; & two doughtres þat of him cam, Cassandram & Pollixenam. Of Troies bifore an oþer sone, Asserak, ȝe herde me mone. of þys Asserak now geten es A sone men callede Kapes; & of Kapes Enches was, An[d] of Enches cam Eneas: Þys ys þe kynde, fro gre tilto. gre, Bytwyxtenbetuen. Eneas & Noe. ¶ Bot now donward hit ys þus, ffro Eneas vntiltill. sire Brutus: Sire Eneas hadde sones twa, Askaneus was by dame Creusa; I þe bataille of Troye y-mongethe y has been altered. þe pres, Hys wyf Creusa þere heþer he hir. les. ¶ Whan þe Duk sire Eneas ffro þe bataille a-scaped was, He cam in-tocom to. þe lond of Latyne, & þer wedded dame Lauyne. Latin highte þenne þeþan þo. landes þat men sayn þat Rome inþer men says þat rome. standes. By dame Lauyne þat leuedylady. He gat a sone þat highte Syluy; Hys eldeste sone Ascaneus, He gat a childson (or sone). Cycillius;"ascane siluius" substituted by a later hand; P. has Sisillius. Þylke Cycyllisiluius in the later hand; P. has þat ilk Sisilli. gat þat man Brutus, þat al þys land first wan. Of Brutus cam sire Lokeryn, Kamber, Albanak, Euen, Iulyn: How þey departed þys land in þrynne, Þat may ȝe heren wel wyþynne. Now haue y s[eyd]MS. rubbed. sayd. al þe kynde Vntil Lokerynes,vnto Loqeryn. as we ffynde; Now ageynward vntilvnto. Noe, Schortly to seye, wiltwill. þou se Þe kynde of alle þat y er ofI are. spak, And of Troies sones,of troys. Ile & Asserak/. Lokeryn com of Brutus, Brutus was geten of Cicillius; Cicilli, Askaneus sone was, & Askaneus com of Eneas,sir Eneas. Eneas com of Enchise; Enches, Kapes sone was he; Capes com of Asserak; Asserak, of Troies blod he brak,blode brak. Troies cam of Eryctonius, Erycton com of Dardanus, Dardan? MS. Dardari. com of Iubiter, Iubiter was Saturnus heyr, Saturnus cam of Cellius, & Selius cam of sire Cretus, And Cretus cam of Cyprim, & Ciprius cam of Setym, Setym com of Iauan, & Iauan of SaphetIaphet. gan, And SaphetIaphet. cam of sire Noe: Of Asserak þys ys þe degre. Now schul we seye of ylkesall we say of Ile. parti: Ector cam of Pryamy, Priamus com of Laomedon, Laomedon of Ile gan;began. Ile cam of Troyus, & Troyus of Erectonius; ErectorEricton. cam of kynge Dardan, Dardanus of Iubiter ran, And Iubiter cam of Saturnus, And Saturnus of Celius, Celius com of Cretus, And Cretus com of Cyprius, Ciprius of Cetym gan, & Cetyn com of Iauan; Iauan, IaphethesIaphet. sone was he, And SaphetIaphet. com of sire Noe: Of Troius sones þyse ar þe kyndes, Þat bothe in-to Noe byndes. Now, lordynges, hit were to witen Whi þe bataille of Troye was smiten: Þe laste meschaunce & þe peyne Was for þe Quene of Grece, Eleyne; Þe kynges wyf of Grece scheoscho. was, Þat Parys rauischedrauyst. þorow a cas. Þat werre was in tyme ser, & lastedlastand. two & twenty ȝer. ffor þat werre þe barons fledde Þat weren in Troye born & fedde; P. omits these two lines.. How hit bigan, þe laste bale, Listneþ, & [I] schal telle þe tale,P. omits these two lines. Of Troye þe firste destructione, Þat camcom (for þat cam). þorow Iasan, Pelles sone, Þat wan the Ram wiþ the flesfleez. of golde, Þat neuere man of erthe molde Mighte hitMot it. wynne byfore wiþ fyght, Bot sire Iasan þe gode knyghtMS. knynght. Whanwan. þe Ram wyþwith þe. gilden flees, & stryed Troye wiþ alle þe cites; Bot þe kyng sire Pryami Bigged hit a-geyn fol noblely,nobly. & vitailled hit of ston & corn;& vouted it oft ston all corn. Was hit neuer so fair biforn; Bot siþen þe laste sorewe & peyne Was hit neuere bygged ageyne. How hit bygan, þe laste bale, ListListes. a partie of þe tale. Exe de Troia de qua causa bellum fuit ammotum. In Troye was a Duc of prys, Pryamy sone þat highte Parys. Custume was bi þo dawes, In tyme of þe elde lawes, Knygtes scholdensuld. kepe bestes, Als y haue herd rede[n] in gestes. þe Bible wytnesseþwittnes. wel þys þynge Of Moyses & Dauid þe kynge; Scholdsuld. non bot of gentil blod, Erl or duc, or alsoals. god, Bestes kepe, bot he were knyght, & stalworthe in armes for to fyght, And hardy, & of honur, He kepte bestes yin. þe pastour, Swylk on was þys ilke Parys, A duk hardi, & a knyght wys;hardy knyght & wys. He kepte bestes in þe feld As a knyght armed wiþ scheld. Als Parysas þis Paris. sat at his hole, Out fro Grece þer cam a bole; To Paris bestes was his draught, And wiþ Parys bole he faught. Exe pugnum inter Taurum Troie & Taurum Grecie. ¶ Ilkon oþer gan faste assaille, & Parys biheld þeir bataille; Þey foughte so longe,þai faught so long. hit was a wonder, Bot at þe laste þey ȝede a sonder. An oþer day he com ageyn, & foughte to-gydere, þys boles tweyn; So foughte þei mani daies longe, ffelenousfelons. batailles & fol stronge. Paris seide, "Now schal y se " Whilk is worthi to haue þe gre, " & whilk of hem maistri schal haue, " To coroune hym y vouche hit saue."vouchsaue. ¶ A day þei foughte fol felonlike, & stalworlystalworþely. to-gyder gon stryke; So longe þey foughte, þat attelong þai faught at þe. laste Þe bole of Troye doun was caste. When Parys saugh his bole doun, þe bole of Grece he gaf þe croun; & þat was gret curtesye, To gyue þe bole þe maistrie, & late hym gon corouned quitquite. Þat hadde ydon his bole despit. Þere biside þre wicches ware, Ladies were cald, & in þe eyr dide fare; þyse þre stoden & byheldþe þre stode & behelde. þe boles bataille in þe feld, & praised mikel sire Paris Þat he gaf þatþe. bole þe pris; Þey seide he was a man of skyl Þat gaf þe dom as fel þer til; ffor he þat was þe pris worþy, He corouned hym,he crouned. and gaf þe maistri. Þyse þre leuedies were of might; Þe principale,þat mast was Iuno scheo hight; Þat oþer Pallas, þe þrydde Venus, Alle þre leuedies hightenladyes hight þus. Iuno, scheo was gyuere of myght, Pallas gaf wysdam & right, Dame Venus, schescho. gaf loue til man. Bytwyxtebetuex. þise þre a strif bigan, Whilk of hemþam. were fayrest: At Paris dom þei woldedome þai wald. hit kest. Dame Iuno seide, "hit am y;" Þat oþer seid, "nay truely!certanly. " To Paris dom we graunten alle, " Þe whilk of vs fairest schal falle." ¶ De consilio Iuno et adulacione sua. Dame Iuno seide hure auys, " We schal don hit vponsall do it on. Parys, " & he schal ben ourehe sall oure. domes man." þe oþereþat oþer. seide, "We graunte þan." " Now," schescho. seide "we graunten al; " Go we now & make a bal, " & gyue we hit& gyf it. Parys alle þre, " And preye we hym for specialte " To gyue hit hure þat semes best, " Of vs þre whilk ysþre to be. fairest." Þys ilke conseil þey toke tilto. pay; Whan hit schold be þey sette a day. ¶ Lege per totum vlterius. HereþHere. now of a quynte wyle,quante gyle. How eche of þo þoughte oþer gyle.how alle þre thoght a wyle. Ar þat day com þat þey set, Iuno wiþ sire Parys met: " Paris," scheo seyþ, "y schal ȝowscho said .I. sall þe. seye " A priuete by-twixte vs beye:tueye. " We þre ladies hanhaf. ordeyned so " Þat alle þre schulle come þe to, " & take þe a bal, & preye þe " To gyue hit þe fairest of vs þre; " & wham þou gyuewhom þou gyffes. hit, ys oure deuis, " Scheo schalscho sall. for euere bere þe prys. " & ȝif y myghte biseke þe so, " Þou woldestwild. gyue hit me, Iuno; " I schal þeI sall. graunte þorow my power, " In Troye schold neuerene suld. be þy per." Parys seide, "dame, graunt mercy! Right as þou wilt, al so wil y."als þou wilt þan will .I. Whan scheo was gon, cam Pallas ffor þat same þat Iuno was; Scheo preied Parys, als scheo had seyd, Þat þe bal were til hure y-leyd: " Of wysdam y schal gyue þe grace " Ouer alle oþer in ilk a place." Parys seide, þat was curteys, " Hit may be, lady, ȝyt as þou seys." ¶ Whan scheo was gon, cam dame Venus,com Venus. & to Parys scheo seidescho said. al þus: " Parys," scheo seide,scho said. "we ladies are " Þre in gret þought & in care; " & þou may bate al þat giltabate þat gylte. " Of vs alle ȝif þat þou wylt. " Y am," scheo seide,scho said. "on of þo " þat ys in þought to þe to go. " A day we set to þe to come, " ffor to stonde al at þy dome; " A bal," scheo seide,scho said. "we schulsall. þe brynge, " & preie þe vpon alle þynge " Þou gyue hit hure þat fairest semes, " ffor þy dom vs alle quemes. " & ȝif þou gyue hit me, Parys, " I schalsall. þe gyue a loue of pris, " Þe fairest lady þat now lyues, " ffor þe bal, ȝif&. þou hit me gyues."to hir layd. ¶ Parys þoughte, & stod þen stille; To þat loue turnd al his wille; He seide, "Iuno hyghtehett. me poer; " Þerof," he seid, "ys no mester; " Kyngeskyng. sone y am, & lord schal be; " Poer ynow schal come to me. " & Pallas highte me gret wysdam; " In Troye nis wyser þan y am;wisere of troie es ne yan .I. am. " Of þyse gyftes ys no ned; " To loue þat lady ys al my sped." To þat gift his herte gaf al: " Venus," he saide, "þou getes þe bal " ȝyf þou me hold þat þou hast het,kalde þat þou has hette. " Þou getestgetes. þe bal at ȝoure day set." Þey graunted boþe atterat þer. pay, & com alle þre at þer day, & bytokbetaght. Parys þe bal; At his dom þey stodenþai stode. al. Parys tok þe bal in his hand:in hande. " So faire ladies ar none lyuand;ere non lyffande. " Bot me þynkesthynk. of ȝow þre " Dame Venus semes fairest to be. " Haue here þe bal, dame Venus; " ffairest to be, me þynkeþ ryghtthynk reght. þus." Þys lady Venus was al glad, Þe oþeretoþer. were for wrayth al mad; Venus heldwas. wiþ hym certeyn, Þe oþere boþe were hym ageyn; Poer & wysdam he forsok; & womman loue, þer-til he tok. ¶ Dame Venus seide tosaid till. sire Parys, " Þou schalt don at myn auys:sall do at my deuys. " Puruey þe," scheo seide, "veir & grys, " ffaire iueles, & pourprepurpure. & bys; " Do dight a schip wiþ sail & ore " Ryght as þou a marchaund wore; " Of alle queyntise þat þou may se, " Hauehaf. vn-to þy schip wyþ þe; " Do make þerinne a fol fair bed,a full fayre bedde. " Wiþ cloþes of gold hit be algold be it all. spred; " Þy schip wiþoute be fol fairfull faire. dight, " Lykynge to þat lauedylikand to þat lady. sight. " ÞerinneMS. þerime. to Grece schaltsall. þou wende; " In an hauene schaltsall. þou lende " Þer þe kynge ys, & þe Quene; " & whan scheo haþ þe schip alscho has þi schippe. sene, " Scheo schal ȝerneScho sall ȝern. on alle wyse " ffor to se þy marchaundise; " Bot loke þou schewe non of þo, " Bot scheo wile in to þy schipin to schippe. go; " & whan scheo heres þat tydynge,tiþing. " Scheo schal praie ful fasteScho sall pray full fast. þe kynge " To gyue hire leue to se þy ware, " To bye þerof þat so riche are. " 16Loke þou schewe noman nought " Til þat sche first be hider brought,1616-16 luke þou schew no man nought of þe bot he will in to þe schippe go. " ffor out of wyt wommenwitte woman. ȝernes " þat men forbedes hure, & wernes. " & whan scheo his brought vntobot when is broght in to. þy schip, " By þe hand redy þou hure kyp,kippe. " & curteysly þat scheo be led, " & set hure faire oponit be. þy bed; " Do cortine hit al aboute " Þat scheo se nought wyþynne nescho se no thyng. wyþoute, " & whan scheo ys on þy bed set, " Loke wel þat þy schip be get; " Lat non come vnder þy telde " Mo þan þou may lightly welde; " Loke þy schip beit be. vnfest, " & þy folk be alall. prest; " And what þynge þat sche wil craue, " Do hit hure redy for toredy to. haue, " Þat scheo tende to no þynge elles " Bot til þat ware þat þou hure selles. " Whan redy ys þyn apparail, " Lat þy men haue vp þe sayl,þat þi men haf vp þi saile. " & lokeat. þou be to myle or þre " Ar scheo witeOr scho (no wite). wyþynne þe se; " & do þenne þat lady to wyte " How þy iueles wyl hure syte." Parys dide as Venus kende, & dighte þe schip,—wel hehis schippe wele .I. wende,— Wyþ alle queintyse þat waswere. gay, & aryued vpon. þer þe kinge lay. Menlaus highte þe kynge; He sente to wyte what maner þynge Was in þe schip for to selle. " Riche iueles," þey gan him telle,vp omitted. " Bot non ne mighte for gold neno. fe " Out of þe schip gete ought to se." Þat herde telle þe quene Heleyne, Nyght & day sche didescho did. hire peyne, Of þe kynge to haue grauntyse To se þat ylke marchaundyse. What wyþ wel oþerwele or. wyþ wo, Leue scheo gatscho gate. þyder to go. ¶ Exe de Raptu Helene Regine Grecie. Vnto þe schip was scheo brought: Parys þe [duk]duke. forgat he nought þat he ne dide as Venus bad. ffor þe quene comynge he was fol glad; ffaire iueles forth þey drowe,þai droghe. & schewed þeþat. lady right ynowe; & whyles þei richesse bifore hure caste, Þer sayl þey drow vp by þe maste. Þys lady Heleyne gaf no tent, Me non of hures, how þe schip out went; Wyþynne a þrowe, totuo. mile or þre Was þe schip wyþynne þe se. ¶ Whan þey weren fro þe lond, Parys tok þe quene by þe hond: " Welcome," he saide,Welcom Heleyne. "art þou to me! " ffor þe cam yI com. to þys contre; " Nowffor. y haue þe, mykel is my ioye, " Þy fairehede schal mendesall amend. al Troye;þe quene com in his herte was glad. " Þou were me gyuen;was gyfen. þat gyft y haue; " Al my trauaille, y vouche hit saue." Y kan nought sey of þat leuedy Wheþer scheo was glad or sory;whedire scho were or sary. Bot whan hure lord þe kyng hit wist, Ioye to make him ne lyst; After his barons alle he sent & schewede hem how þatþam how. he was schent; 'Þat a schip of Troye was comen, Þe quene þorow treson þeyhas. nomen.' Whan þei alle wiste þysþe. grete despit, Wiþ o wille þey seyde fol tyt, Þei scholde neuere reste ne lende To struyedestroye. Troye wyþouten ende. Here-fore bigan þe sorewe and peyne, Þe slaughtre of Troye, for þys Heleyne; Þysþe. slaughter was yn bataille seer, & lastedLastand. two & twenty ȝer Bytwyxte þe Troiens & þe Gregeys, Als þe stories wytnesses & seys. At a batalle þat þey set,at ones Troie & Grece þai mette. Troye & Grece at ones met, At whichþat. bataille þe Troiens lees, & fledde fro þat mykel prees. Þat mighte fle, fledde ay-whore,fled aschore. & Troye destruyed for euere more. Al þe werdworld. makes ȝyt menynge How Troye was struyed for þys þynge; Clerkes wyse yn boke hit wrot, Þorow whiche wrytynge wel alle hit wotþorghe þer writyng we it wote.; Þey writewrote. þe names of þe kynges & of alle þeþat. [Geoffrey and Wace begin.] oþer lordynges, Whilke were men of most honur, Þat fledde fro þeþat. [Geoffrey and Wace begin.] grete stour. A gret lord of Troye þer was, Men calde duk Eneas; fforffro. þat grete slaughter he fled, Hys sone Askaneus wiþ hym led; Sone ne doughter had he namo Whan he fledde þe cite fro; In þe slaughtre a-monge þe pres, Hys wyf Creusa, he hure les.Wace, p. 5, l. 85-89. þys Eneas fledde him self to saue, Hys sones lif & his to haue;withouten ouþer ȝoman or knaue. Wyþ mikel vitaille & tresor good He charged twenty schipes on flood. He dwelte longe in þe se, & many perilleperille omitted. ascapede he. Wyþ alle þe wo þat he gan dreye, He cam to þe lond of Ytalye. (7 Italye was kalled þenne Þe land þat Rome now standes ynne:77-7 Ytalie was þan þe name þat land þer now men Rome ame. Of Rome þat ilke tyme was nought, Ne longe after was hit wrought.) Eneas þat had al þat trauaille, What in sein þe se. & in bataille, Atte laste he gan aryue In Ytalye, a lond plentyue. 9 By þe water of Tyber land þey nome, By whilk water now standeþ Rome.99-9 þe water hate Tiber þer þai londe nome be þat water standes Rome. De Rege Italye siue Latinorum. Þe kynge of þe land, Latyn hehe omitted. hight, A riche man, & mykel of myght, & haddeRychesse. ynow his lond to welde, Bot þat he was smyten in-toin. elde. He worschiped muchemykell. sire Eneas, & fayn of hys comynge was, & seide, 'ȝyf he wolde leue stille, He woldewill. gyue hym land at wylle.' Latynes þe kynge, heLatyn þe kyng. had non eyr Bote a maidemaden. swythe fayr; Þys damysele highte Lauyne. Þe kyng seyde, "Scheo schalsho sall. be þyne; " I wyle þat [þou]þou. after myn endynge " My doughter wedde, & be þouþe. kynge." Bot þer-til graunted nought þe quen; Scheo wold þat an oþer had[de]scho þat anoþer had. ben. ffor he dide nought as woldals wald. his wyfe, Þerfore ros a newe strife: ¶ Þer biside a riche man, Turnus he highte, lord of Tuskan; Þys Turnus hadde ylouedhad lufed. Lauyne, & herde seye þat þe kyng Latyne Had gyuen his doughter sire Eneas, And hadde enuye þat hit so was, ffor Turnus had loued hure longe ar hee, & hadde grauntisegrauntise had. his wif to be; He bed his body, his ouer myght, Wyþ Eneas al-one to fyght. Sire Eneas was þer-of fayn, Þey faughtsmyte. togyder, Turnus was slayn, Eneas wedded þeþat. mayden ȝynge; Þen was scheo quen, & hehe. Lamb. MS. scheo. was kynge. Þanne fondSiþen fand. he non þat hym noyed, Ne nought of his lond destruyed; Siþen he wedded Lauyne his wyfe, He held þe lond wyþouten strife. In pes foure ȝer he regned wel; Wyþynne þe ȝeres he made a castel, & gaf hit name þorow euerythorgh ilka. toun After dame Lauyne, Lauyoun. In þe ferþe ȝer, last of his lyf, Of hym conceiued Lauyne his wyf; & er þe child fel to be born, Sire Eneas was ded byforn.ore was Eneas dede beforne. When LauynesLauine. tyme was fulfyld, Of hure was born (as grace hit wild,) A knaue child, men kald him Syluius; Hys to-name was Pollynius.Postomius, Wace, p. 5, l. 80; Enéam, MS. du Roy, 75153.3. Colb., ib. Askaneus, Eneas oþer sone Þat com wyþ him, (as ȝe wel mone,)I gan ȝow mone. After his fader þe lond he tooke, His brother Syluius he dide hitto. looke, SyluiusSilui. his half brother was, Gete of his ffader kynge Eneas. Askaneus dide make a citee, Þe name Albe þanþan omitted. gaf hit he; Askaneus let dame Lauyne takedame take. The next line is from P. [þe castell þat Eneas did make;] & al þat lond þat fel þer-til, Dame Lauyne held hit at hire wyl. Þe mawmet þat Eneas brought fro Troye, In Lauyon he sette hemsett þam. wyþ ioy; Sythen com Askaneus his sone, Brought þem tylto. Albe þer he gan wone; & þer-inne hadde þey neuere rest, ffor o þe morn þe[y]þe morn þai. were ageyn al prest At þe castel of Lauyon, & woldwilde. nought dwelle in Albe toun:Albe his toun. He ne wiste, ne was certeyn, OnIn. what nanere þey come ageyn. He regned foure & þrytty ȝer In pes wyþouten wo & wer. Whan Askaneus madedid. his endynge, Syluy his broþer regned kyng, Þat was born of dame Lauyne, Þe heritage he hadde in lyne. ¶ A sone þen had Askaneus His brother, highte Sysillius.his name was Sisillius. Qui estoit només Silvius: Le nom à son oncle porta, Mais poi vesqui, et poi dura. Wace, p. 6, l. 112-114. Þys ylke childe Sysilly Loued Lauynes nece, & lay hure by— & sche sone wax wiþ childe— Als yonge men do þat ben wylde. ¶ Þe kynge dide his clerkeclerkes. calle, & bad hem loke þer bokesbad þam cast lotes. alle, ' What schold of þat child bycome,childe com.Hic natus est Brutus. Good or wykke,ill. what maner dome.' Þey seide, 'þey founde (als þeym was wo,) ffader & moder scholde hehe suld. sloo, & out of londe go for þat chaunce, And siþen come to god cheuysance; Passe he scholde manimony. a stour, & syþen come totill. gret honur.' Þey founde syþen, als þey seyde, Þat of his burþewhen he was born. his moder deide; His moder deide al so swiþe; Þe child lyuede; þey were al bliþe. Brutus, þus his name þey teld, Whan he was of fiftene ȝerwas fiften ȝere. eld, His ffader & he to wode þey went, To venerye he gaf his tent; An herde of hertes sone þey met, At a tristeat triste. to schete, Brutus was set; He auysed hym opon an hert,— Hys ffader passed bytwixt ouerthwert,— & wyþ þat schote his ffader he slow; Al vnwylland þat draught he drow.bot his willand not it drouh. Whan Brutus seysawe. hys ffader ded, He nyste what was best to red;best rede. ffor deol & drede awey he nam Tyl Grece fro when his fader cam;vntill þe londe of Grece he cam. Þe folk of Troye þer he fond, Þat lyuede in seruage y þe lond.in þat londe. Elenum, PryamyesPriami. sone, Wyþ sext þowsand þer gangan he. wone, & ȝyt mo lordynges ynowe, Þat [þe]þe. Gregeys to seruage drowe, Þat Pyrrus held in his truage. Achilles sone was þenne of age. Brutus was þer bot a þrowe, þat many his name gon welhis name manyon gan. knowe. ffor his gretemykell. hardynesse, ffor curtesye & for largesse, Mykel louede hym his owen kynde, & oþer til hym were ful mynde. Grete gyftes þey gon hymgyftes forto. gyue, & seyde, "ȝyf we myght frely lyue, " Ouer vs alle we woldeall will. þe make " Kynge,duc, Wace, p. 10, l. 182. ȝyf þou wostwild. vndertake. " Oure folk ys waxen for þe maystri, " & stalworthe are, & rightfull. hardy: " ȝyf we had on þat we dredde, " Þat vs in-tilvnto. bataille ledde, " & mayntened vs, & lered al so " What in bataille we scholden do, " Syker scholde he haueI trowe he suld. al oure seruage " To ffredom brynge,bringe. Lamb MS. kyng. or a-suwage. " SeuenSee "sext," l. 870, above. (six, Wace, p. 10, l. 177.) þousand now we are " Of knyghtesknyghtes redy. to bataille ȝare, " Wyþoute seriauntz & oþer pytaillesergeantes & oþer pedale. " Þat ar nought for to sette in taille. " ȝyf þou wilt vnder-take þys þynge, " We wyl þe make our alder kyng,duc. Wace, p. 10, l. 182. " & at þy biddynge we wyl bowe: " Doute þe nought, we are ynowe;" Als þey til hym spek oftentill spak oft. þus, A bacheler men calde Assarakus Was born y þe lond of Grece; Of þat blod he hadde a spece, ffor his ffader was Gregeys, Hys moder of Troye, þe stori seys; Hys ffader was a lordynge, Þe most of þe lond saue þe kynge, And gat hym opon bastardie By on of Troye in rybaudie; & for he gat hym on his rage, He gaf hym in heritage Þre casteles þat weren gode, Tyl his cloþynge & his fode. Hys brethren wold hanhis breþer wild haf. reft hit hym, Bot he bar hym so stout & grym;brym. ffor þe Trogens wiþ hym helde, þe boldelokerboldelyer. bar vp his schelde, ffor he was on þat wolde þem saue, & at his castles recet tocastell rescet.? retet, Lamb. MS. haue. Wyþ his conseil & hys socour Made þey Brutus þeyr gouernour.The Petyt MS. adds— & with his will & his lokyng Was sir Brutus chosen kyng. Brutus seysawe. & vnderstod Hys folk was alle strong & god, And hym self wel of myght Þeym for to fende & toþam forto defende in. fight. He dide enforcedid force. þe casteles10 wel; Hys folk he warned ilk a del, & bad hem to þe castelescastell. drawe, Þo þat were of Troyes lawe,— Men & wymen & childrenchildere. ylkone Þat to hym hadde mad þer mone— & þider scholde þer godesþer godes þidere suld þei. lede, Vntil þo castelesvnto þe castell. for doute & drede. Whan þey hadde þer godes lad, Byside þe casteles buskedcastell bussed. & spred, & Brutus saugh his men wel dyght All redy vnto þe fyght, Brutus dide write a bref, Vnto sire Pandras, kyng & chef; Þys ys þe lettrebrefe. þat he sent, Þe latyn, y vnderstonde,þat latyn vndrestode. þus ment: ¶ Epistola Bruti ad Regem Grecorum. " For þe schame & þe outrage " þat ys don þe noble lynage " Of kynge Dardan, our auncessour, " At meschef ys in deshonur, " In cheytifte longe hauecaytifte long haf. þey leyn, " Bot now þey hope to come ageyn; " WiþIn. o wille alle haue þey spoken, " In o conseil alle ar þey loken— " 10& wyþ þeym alle y am leued— " Me to haue to þer heued;1010-10 Me to haf vnto þer heued. & with þam all I am beleued. " I sende to þe þer alder sawe, " Þat to þe wode þey wil hem drawe; " Þer ys hem leuere lyue yn wo, " In wyldernesse wyþ bestes go, " ffor to haue þer wille fre,ffor haf will þer fre. " Þan in þraldam haue plente; " No maugre þou þeym cone " Þaw þey woldeþat þe will. in fredom wone; " Hit ys þer kynde fredom to haue; " 3ffor þat whylom was33_3 þat owe be. lord, now ys he knaue. " Merueille þe nought ȝyfne meruell þe if. þey haue grace, " ffraunchise & fredom to purchace, " ffor ilk man wolde—ȝyf heilk wild be at þer. myght— " In fredom lyue, als hit ysto lif as. ryght. " Þerfore þey pray þe wiþ gode wille— " And y comaunde for drede of ylle— " Þat heþen forward þou graunte hem fre, " & namoreno more. in þy seruage be. " Sire kyng, we askeSire we ask. þe bot skyle; " Graunt vs to go wher þatgo where. we wyle." Whan þe kyng had herdkyng herde. þys writ, Hym merueillede out of wyt Þat þe Trogens were risen on heighte, Þat þey wolde ben fre oþer feyghte.þei wild be fre or þei wild feght. He dide swythe make somons ffor alle his erles and barons, & ffor his broþer sire Antygon, Sire Anacleton, & oþer on; He telde hem þey of Troye were rysen, & þoughte to make hem alle agrisen. ¶ Whan Brutus wiste al þer bost, Þat þe kyng purueyed an host, Byforn y þe kynges weye Brutus did hym enbuschebusse. & leye Wiþ þre þousand armed & mo, Þerþe. kyng Pandras wende sauely go. Bot Brutus ros of his enbuschement,bussement. & slow al þat he myghte hent; Þe Gregeys schaddenschad. sone asonder; Þey were vnarmed, hit was no wonder; Intil a water hightehate. Akalon, Þyder in floweþei fled. many on, And drenkleddronkend. þere a wel gret frape; Þe oþere he closed, [t]heyþei. myghte nought skape; Many were drenkled,dronkend. and mo were slayn, Þe kynge þer fledde wiþkyng fled with full. gret payn. De bello inter Brutum & Regem Grecorum. Þe kynges broþer Antygonus, He sey þe chaunce fel on þem þus; His folk he relyedrelied þam. hym to, ffor to assay eft what þey might do;& seid fraist ȝitt what we may do. " Schamely," he sais, "ar we desconfit! " Lat hem nought passe fro vs so quit." Whan þey were to-gyder y-comen, Ageyn þe Trogens boldely þey nomen;MS. nonen. Þanne bigan a scharp bataille; Egrely þe parties gonne assaille Wiþ bowe & spere, &with lance with. swerdes dynt; Bot atte þe lasteso scharpe þei com. þe Gregeys tynt. At þat metyng (among ylkon) Taken was sire Antygon, & an oþer,& a lord. sire Anacletoun. & best of hem& þe most of þam. were born doun: Þyse two prisons,þe to preson. Wace has Cals (ceux) anmena Brutus a soi, p. 16, l. 305. Brutus þem led; Of þeym of Grece, fewefo. þer fledde. Pandras þe kyng had sorw in sight& site. Þat he was so al desconfit, & þat his brother taken was; He com ageyn into þat pas, & wende haue founde Brutus þore,— Help he hadde, & purueyed more,— Bot Brutus was til his castlesto his castell. gon

Si mist le siège à Parantin. Ce quida que Brutus i fust Et ses prisons mis i éust; Mais il fu el boscage entrés Et ses prisons i a menées.

Wace, p. 16, l. 310-15.

For Parantin the MS. de Ste-Genev. reads Paladin, which may be "Pa|"lantenus, a little town of which "Pausanias and Xenophon have "spoken." Le Roux de Lincy, ib.

 Wiþ Antygo & Anacleton;Anacletun & Antigone. He warnysched hem wiþ men of armes, ffor he dredde deseite & harmes. Whon þe kyng fond hym þer nought, To bisege þe castel he þought; Vnto þe sege he hym hastede His purueaunce he wold were wastede; Berfreys dide make to gyue assaut Þat Brutus mought falle y þewith. faut; To mangenelesmagnels. he dide make stones, Wiþ þer assaut to casten alle at ones. Þey wyþynne stode in karneles, Wyþ arblastesalblastes. schotten ageyn quarels, &þe. grete tres ful vnryde Þey caste agein on ylk a side; Enginours þey hadde wyþynnehad þei with þam. ynowe, 2At þeym wyþouten ageyn to þrowe,2 Þat non dyrste comenMS. comem. þe wal ney, Bot for drede hel[d] þeym a drey22-2 þat þei without agayn þam throwe.; Þey castenkast. wyldfyr wiþ? MS. wiy. engynes. Brent þer bretaxkes, ropes, & lynes, Cables, cordes, tymber þer was.Tot l'ont mis em poldre et en cendre. Wace, p. 17, l. 335. Who was þen wo botwas wo bot þe. kyng Pandras? Bot heThe kyng. saw hit myghte nought vaille, Þeyr assaut ne þeyr trauaylle; He drow hym þeþen, & gaf hymþien & gaf þam. place, & bygan faste to manace; He dyde make for fens a dyk Aboute þe castel a gret stryk, & closed yn al Brutes host, Þat non myght skape by noascape at. cost. Þe kyng dide ȝyt pale hitdid it palace ȝitt. efte; Bot þre entres, nonnouht. was left. Þe kyng dide so wel loke þo, Þat non of hem myghte passe hemhym. fro To do Brutus no suwaute,suate. So wel was loked ylkanilk. entre. ¶ De obsidione Bruti per Regem Grecorum. Þe sege was hard to þeym wyþynne, & þey wyþoute myghte nought wynne, Ne nought ne schold, of ful ferof full. longe, ȝyf hit ne were for honger stronge; Þe faute þey dredde comynge byforn,Defaut þei dred comand aforn. Þe host was mykel, & litelitell. had corn; Þey asked Brutes of conseill, What þey schold do for more vitail: " Conseile vs er hit be goon, " Hit ys tofull. late whan we haue non, " Whan we haue nough[t]haf non. vs to fede, " Þe castel most we ȝeldevs ȝelde. nede." Þus þey seide, þe men were wyse, & Brutus byþoughte hym of queintise: Queyntise bihouedebehoues. hym nedly þenke, Þat his enemy schold waitesall wate. The next two lines are omitted in P. a blenk; & mykel peril byhoues hym haue, Þat auntres hym his frend to saue. Brutus had yn his prison Antygon & Anacleton; Brutes tok hym by þe top, & seide, "Hedles schal þou hophedeles sall þou hoppe.! " Bot þou do als y þe seye, " Of myn hand[e] schalt þou deye,Mal cuivert, fait il, jà morras. Wace, p. 19, l. 375. " Boþe þe kynges broþer and þou; " & boþe myght þou saue now."may þou saue ȝow. " Sire," he seide, "do ȝour wille! " HowIn the Lambeth MS. Bot ȝyf y are dotted under for omission, and how is written over. mygh[t] y vs saue fro ylle, " Sey me, sire, on what manere; " & ȝyf y may, y wol ȝow here." Brutus seyde, "þou schaltsalt. go " Alone to nyght, wyþouten mo,To-nyght at bedtyme without me. " To þeym þat loke þat onþe ton. entre, " & sey til hem als y sey þe: " Sey þou hast stolen þe kynges brother " Out of prison, & non oþer; " In to þe wode þou hasthas. hym led, " Bot ferrer may& farþere myght. þou nought, for dred, " ffor þo men þat þe wode loke, " Þat hym ne þe þey ouertoke; " Bot ilkon, bid hem come wiþ þe, " Þat noman byhinde be; " & we schul be buschedsall be bussed. þer biside, " & ȝyf y may, þey scholsall. abyde " Þat þey ne go nought vs to wrye, " Ne [nought] desturble me my weye." Anacletus graunted wel, ȝyf Brutus wold be trystwere treste. as stel Þat his lyf he woldewild. hym saue. Brutus dide hym sykernesse haue. Anacletus, forþ he went, & dide als Brutus had hym sent. At bed-tymė, when men were into. rest, Brutus wiþ his folk wasall. prest, & wel armed wente þer weye Þer he knew by o valeye.þer he had purueied in a valeie. In þe wode bisides þat entre He busched hem in parties þre. When al were busched, man & stede, Anacletus byganhe gan. hym spede, & com to þem þat kepte þe pas, & seide, fro Brutus stolen he was. Alle þey kendeknew. hym þat þer were, & asked hym how he com þere; Sire Antigon, þe kynges broþer, Þey askede ȝifwhere. he lyuede als oþer. He seide, "þe kynges brother & y " Ar skaped out fol queyntely; " In þe wode y haue hym hid " ffor sight of men, ȝyf so bityd, " ȝyf ony had perseyued vs " & lad vs& led. a-geyn til Brutus; " Bot alone dar he nought go, " Þerfore come y after mo; " Þe gyues aboute his fet þey rynge, " & alone dar y& I alon dar. hym nought brynge; " Comes wyþ me, y schal ȝow lede " Þer he ys, & has gret drede." Þey trowed hym, þat he soþ seyde, & schet forthe al in a breyd,all a braid. In to þe wode alle on a route, Þey þoughte& thouth. of no treson ne doute. Anacletus forþ þem led Tyl Brutus folk, þer þey wer spred; & Brutus perseyued al þer pryde,tide. & bylapped hem on ylk avmbilapped þam on ilk. side So þat non ne myghte skape, Bot al wor flaydwere slone. at o frape; Com neuere non of þo a-geyn Þat myghte þem warne, knyght ne swayn. De capcione Regis Grecorum per Anacletum. Þen parted Brutus his host in þre, & sette þem alle in certeynte, How priuely þey schold[e]sulde. go Wyþoute noise, wyþoute wo, Neyþer byhynde ne byforn, " Ne smite nought nomanMS. nomam. born, " Tyl y come þer þe kyng lys, " & men wyþ me of god auys. " & whan y am at his pauyloun, " Þen schal y bloweI sall blawe. a gret soun, " Myn horn þat ȝe wel knowe, " A blast to ȝow y schal blowe. " 4þen spares non, bot sles on fast " (When þat y haue blowe þat blaste,)44-4 & whan I haf blowen a blaste, Spares non bot slo all faste. " Slepyng, wakyng,Slepand wakand. þat ȝe may fynde, " Þat ys of þe Gregeys kynde." When þat Brutus his horn blew, Hys men hit herde þat hit wel& wele it. knew; Þen spared þey non, bot slow al doun; On & oþer, erl & baroun, Þey slowe þem alle right at þer wille, On slepe þey founden hem fol stille; Hadde þeyhad. no grace ne pouste To armen þem, neyþerne. to fle. Byhinde, bifore, on þeym þei cam, Vneþes any a-wey þer nam; ȝyf ani a-scaped þorow athorgh. chaunce, ȝit bifel þem as foule a chaunce;it fell þam a foule vengeance. OfOn. grete roches þey fulle al doun, & al furall to-.-frusched bak & croun, Oþer þey were drownedOr were dronkend. in watres depe, Vneþes myghte ony þemcouth any þam. kepe. Brutes tok þe kyng Pandras & al þat in his pauylon was. Wyþoute ani kynes ylle Vnto þe morn he held hem stille. At morn yIn þe mornynge at. þe sonne rysynge, Brutus led Pandras þe kynge Vntil hiswon. castel, his owen hold, & dide hym kepe wiþ knyghtes bold. Syþen tok Brutus al þe tresour Þat he had wonnenwon. yn þat stour, & gaf his knyghte largely, & als til oþer fol corteysly.& oþer yerof had curtasy. Þat oþerþe toþer. day, conseil he tok Amangesthorgh. þe commune, & bad hem lok What were to done of kyng Pandras, Þat in his prison holden was, Wheþer þey redden hym for to slo,MS. flo. P. has red hym forto slo. Oþer quytly let hym go: " Conseilles wel now alle of þys, " Þat non ne seye þat y do mys." Many on seyde þeir auys, Of on & oþer þat weren wys: Þys conseyl was ofte an honde,on hand. To take partie of þe londe,a partie of þe land. & euere haue hit in heritage ffrely wyþouten seruage,Vnto þe. & to haue acquitaunce Of þe barons for alle chaunce. Oþer seye,seid. þat þer ware, " Þem were bettere elleelles. whare; " Aske we leue at þe kynge, " & go we seke vs oþer wonynge " Wyþ oure childrenour childere. & oure wyues; " ffor þoþi. þat hates, alday striues." Þyse to skyles forþ þey kest,þis tuo skilles forth þei cast. Whylk to take were þe best. ¶ A knyght vp styrte als þey spek þus— His name was sire Membricius— " Alle þe resonresons. ȝe haue forþ brought, " þe beste of alle ne se ȝealle seie ȝe. nought; " Sertes, þys were our most profit: " Wiþ loue & leue he queþequede. vs quyt, " & gyue vs shipes in to wende, " & of his vitaille,& of vitaile. als he ys hende, " & oþer þyng þat we haue nede, " To chargen hem wiþ vs to lede, " & til oure lord Brutus, our kynge, " Ignogyn his doughter ȝynge. " Lete vs þenne go doþan. our beste, " & seke vs land oponlondon. to rest; " ffor ȝif we dwelle on þeymwith þam. here, " We be þeym neuere lefleue. ne dere; " What we dide ones, þey schold welþat we did now þan sall þei. þenk, " & waitwate. vs wyþ a wykked blenk; " Schal we neuere rightly haue pees, " Bot waitwate. vs wyþ som wykked res. " Gret ferly ne were hit nought, " ffor mykel wo we haue þem wrought, " ffor we han slayn of þer kynde " þat we myghte eyþer takemyght ouertake. or fynde; " þerfore syker mot ȝe be, " Whan þey se tyme, or haue pouste, " þys bale wil þey eft vs brewe, " Oure olde skaþesmysdedis. þey wille make newe; " & þus men seys, & ofte ys founde, " Of old sor comeþ greuous wounde. " Non of vs alle—wel y wene— " þat we naue don hem treye & tene; " þer frendes þorow vs han þey lorn, " Or þer godes a-wey han born, " & þo þat lyuen,lyf. þat now ar left, " Vengaunce on vs þey wyl seke eft; " ffor þey wilsall. waxe & we schalsall. wanye; " When we ben fewe,be fo. þey scholsall. be manye; " ȝyf we ought falle, & þey ought ryse, " þey schulsall. til vs dobe. swylk iustise " þat alle our Troiens ilkon scholdsall. deye. " þerfore y rede ȝow, chese þe w[e]ye,ȝe chese þe weie. " ȝyf þat oure kyng þerto wyl rede; " & elles gos our kyndeL. has kyng; P. kynde. to dede." þen cried þey alle, & speke at ones, " 10Sire Membryce says wel ffor þe nones! " At þys conseill consente we alle; " Non better for vs may fall.No bettere for ne mai byfalle.1010-10 Bien dit, bien dit, ce dient tuit. Wace, p. 28, l. 560." Þe kyng þey broughte forþ anon, And his broþer sire Antygon, & askede hym leue fo[r] to go Wiþouten any more wo; þey asked hym what þey wold haue, & ȝif he vouched on þem saue, & his doughter to be þer quen, Als hitþat. was ordeyned hem bytwen. Þen sey þe kyngþe kyng sawe. þer myght was more þan his was; þat dred he sore. He graunted hem ylk a del To gon at þer wylle wel:þare awen wille. " At ȝoure wille ȝe memay. haue, " & my doughter ȝe memay. craue; " Y se y may non oþerno noþer. do, " Myn enemy most y gyue hurebos me gyf hir. to; " 7My moste fo & my feloun " Schal haue my doughter to warisoun. " Bot of o þyng ys my ioye,77-7Omitted in P. " He ys þe doughtiest man of Troye, " & comen of þe nobleste blod: " Þat now gladeþ most my mod.þat me gladdes most in mode. " I graunte ȝow schipes ȝour folk to lede, " & vitailles þat ȝe haue nede, " Wel more þan ys ȝoure deuise, " ȝyf þat þysif at þe. lond may hit suffise." ¶ Þen sente þe kyngThe kyng sent. his messegers Vntil þe hauenes & costes sers,in costestes seres. Þat alle þe schipes on water myght saille Schuld ben brought tyl o ryuaille, Þere þey schold chese þe beste, Þat weren most oþer strengeste.or strangest. When þey had chosen at þer pay, Þey charged þey[m] fro day tocharged þam day be. day, & of þe beste in ylk ailk. contre Þey ledde to schip[pe]led to schippe. gret plente. Þe kyng dide his doughter brynge, & gaf hure Brutus in weddynge, And dide hym bettere inon. alle wyse Þan Brutus asked, or any of hyse; ffor alle þat þer were,For ilkan. baroun & knyght, Þey geuen hym after þer myght.had gyft of hym after his ryght. ¶ Recessus Troianorum de terra Grecorum. When þe Troianes were al dight Wyþ seyl vpon þe mast vpright,vp on mast on hyght. Wiþ anker & ore, & oþer ware, & were al redy for to fare, When þe wynd was wel þem lent, Þey toke þer leue, & forþ þey went. When þey were redy to saille; Þre hundred schipes þer was in taille,þei were be tale. & foure mo, þe story seys, When þey departed fro þe Gregeys. Two dayes þey sailled, & two nyght, Þat lond ne hauene reche þey ne myght;þei myght. Þe þrydde day in þe euen tyde, In Leogise þey gon togan. ride. Leogyse, þat ysþan es. an ilde; Þat tyme was hit wast & wylde; Man ne woman, non þey fond, ffor outlandes haddenhad. wasted þat lond, & þe godes a-wey had born. Bot bukkebuk. & do, & hert wyþ horn, In þat ilde þey founde ynowe þat þey slowe, & to þe schipto schippe. drowe, & stored þem wel of venyson þat lasted hem a long seson. Als þey wente þorough þat contre, þey come vntilþei vnto. a wast cite, & founde þer-inne a temple stande, þat whilom þe folk mys-lyuande Worschiped þer-inne Maumetry,— Dyane in lyknesse of o lefdy;a ladie.— Wyþ manWoman. I keep Wyþ man in the text on account of the earthly "man" in l. 1344. lyknesse þe fend dide take, In þat liknesse þe folk dide make An ymage, & worschiped þat same. Dyane was þeþat. ffendes name, In þys temple stod yn a gagestode a cage. Swich an Erlyk mansuilk a maner like an. ymage; þe folk þat hadde þer recet,MS. retet. (Fr. recet.) Leued on þat ylkeon þat. Maumet; þat fend telde þem mykel þynge To holden hem yn mys-leuynge. On fele maners scho scheweid hem syngne, Þerfore whilom þey held hure dygne. To Brutus þenneþan. was hit told, How yn a temple þat was old ffond þey an ymage þat whilom hadde gret seruage Of þe folk þat þer was wone, & þe tokene ȝit wil we mone. Brutes tok twelue of his peres, Eldest, and of faire maneres, & a prest of þer lawe, Sire Gerion, als seiþ þe sawe. Brutes alone to þe ymage ganBrutus gan þe ymage. loute, & alle þe oþere leftenhe alone þei left. wyþoute; In his right hand, whan he com yn, He broughte a coppe wyþof. milk & wyn þat milked was of a whit hynde; Bysoughte Diane wyþ hertlyHe souht Diane with herte-full. mynde Scheo wolde hym schewe som certein þynge In word, oþer elles oþerworde or oþer. toknynge, What good land he myghte wone ynne, In pes, he, & al his kynne: Ouyde witnesseþwitnes. hit, & seys Þat hit is non oþer weys: ¶ Diua potens nemorum, terror siluestribus apris, Cui licet[?].licet [?] amfractus. Nyne tymes he made hysþis. preyere Wyþ softe wordes &soft wordes in. symple chere, Wiþ nyne knelynges byfore þe auter, Als scheo was a godwas godes. P. transposes this line and the line above it. of power; Nyne syþesiþes. he ȝede aboute, & kiste þe auter, & gan hit loute. þe milk þat he abouten bar, In a fyr he caste hit þar; Afterward,—þus we fynde,— He tok þe skyn of þatþe. hynde, & spredde hit þer on þe grounde, & slepte þeron a wel god stounde. ¶ De Visione Bruty. Brutus hym þoughte,Brutus thouht. when he was leyd, Diane com to hym & seyd: " Ouer ffrance, toward þe west, " Is an Ilde, on of þe best; " ffol lykyngewele likand. ys þer wonyng, " & plentiuous of ylka þyng; " ffruit to bere, god ys þatMS. þer. lond; " Þe Geauntz haue hit now in hond; " Albion ys now þe name, " þorow þe schal hit haue oþer fame, " þer schal þou gynne a newe Troye, " Til al þy kyndeto all þi kyne. newe ioye, " & þe kynde þat comes of þe, " þorow al þe werld worschipd schul be; " & þat Ilde þou hast ofþat þou has. herd, " Wiþ se on alle halue ys sperd."MS. spred; P. has on ilk half is sperde. Brutus ros, & vp hym set, He þoughte on hys drem þat he met, & þanked Dyane hure gode wille; And ȝyf scheo myghte his drem fu[l]fulle,fulfille. þat he myghte þat Ilde take, In hure name he scholde do make A temple god, an&. ymage hende, & worschipe hithir. til his lyues ende. He telde& tolde. his drem sire Gerion, & til þiseto þe. oþer twelue ylkon. So glad þey were, forth þey ȝode Til þer schipes þat were on flode; þeir seilles drowe þey right on hey,reght hie. Byfore þe wynd faste þey fley;with þe wynd gan þei flie. Vmwhile west, vmwhile est,est vmwhile west. þerere. schipes driuen in many tempest; What wyþ wele, what wiþ wo, þe þrittyþe day,In thritty daies. en trois jors, MS. du Roi, No.27; en trente jors, MS. du Roi, 75153.3. Colb., Wace, p. 34, note b. lesse ne mo, In-to þe se of Aufryke þey comen,com. & passed a gret stryke, A lowA lough of. water of Salynes, & oþer Loughes of Phylestynes,Et les Auteus as Philistins, Wace. C'est un port d'Afrique, ap|pelé Autels des Philènes (Philenorum Aræ). De Lincy from Michaud, p. 35. þe grete Lough of Rusticiadan,Rusciodan, Wace. Rusicada est une ancienne ville d'Afrique, située en Numidie, près du fleuve Thapsa. De Lincy, p. 35. Bitwyxte þe hilles of Dazaran,montaignes d'Azaré, Wace. Montes Azariæ: De Lincy, p. 35. Þey mette robbours of outlandes; þorow þemþorgh. þey passed wyþ dint of handes, ffor þey gon hem faste for toþam fast. assaille; þe Trogens passede al þeir bataille, And tokhad. þer vitaille ylk a del þat þey were stored ofof stored. so wel. Þey passede þe water of Maluan,Now Muluya: De Lincy, p. 36. & aryuede y þe lond of Maurytan, Þer þey come vnto þe lond, & tok þe vitaille þat þey fond.londe . . fonde. ffro þat o se vntil þat oþer þey robbede alle on & oþer; þey charget al þat þey myght lede, Set vp þer sayl, & forþ þey ȝede. ¶ Transfretauerunt versus Hyspanniam & ibi inuen|erunt Coryneum. Wyþ alle þer schipes & al þer pres Þey comen to þe MerkesMS. comem. com to markes. of Erkules; Ercules was so doughtiwas douhty a. man, Out of Troye þider he cam By se: als he wan by londe, A piler of bras þer þey fonde, Þat he dide sette for honour, Þat he was þider conquerrour. Þer fond þey Nykeres

Nikers.

Seraines sont monstre de mer, Des ciés poent femes sambler; Poisson sunt del nombril aval. Wace, p. 37, l. 735.

P. inserts after song,—

þat drecched þam ferly long. In þe west see es þer wonynge; As women mery þei synge & þo þat listen to þer song/

 þat myry song, Out of þe weye to turne hemþer weie þei turne. wrong, Or toþei. forgete þer schip to stere, Þorow þer song þat þey schold here.for þer songe þat þei here. So ar þo Nykeres fastenykeres fast. aboute To brynge schipmen þer hit ysit es. doute, To som swelwsuelhu (swallow). to turne or steke, Oþer a-geyn roches to breke; þerfore hit ys a gret peril, Schipmen for to listeto listene. þer tyl. Þe Trogens kneweþe Troiens knew. þer song wel, Þey lystned to þem neuere a del; Þey had herd tellen þer byforentell beforn. How schipes had ben wyþ hem forloren.scippes were for þam lorn. Wyþ peyne þey passede at þat tyde,l. 756-64 of Wace are not translated. Vpon Spayne þer fflete gan ryde, ÞerMS. þat. þer, P. þey fond at o ryuage Gret folk of þe Troiensof troie. lynage, þat on of þer auncessourQue Anthénor, un des barons, Wace, l. 776, p. 38. ffled fro Troye out of þe stour, Als þey dide ilk a man Whan þey of Grece to Troye cam.troie wan. Coryneus highte þeir ledere, & meintened hymhe mantend þam. in pes & were. He was a man als a Geaunt, Tyl hym þey drowe alleas. to waraunt. Þys Coryneus, he hadde gret ioye When þeyhe. (L. he altered to þey.) wyste þey were of Troye; To Brutes men þey werehe was. ful meke, & asked ȝyf þey ȝede lond to seke, þat þey myghte fynde til þeirmot fynd vnto þer: and puts this line after the next. prow; þey seyde, "We wole wendenwill wend. wiþ ȝow." So Coryneus & his partie Wente forth in Brutes compaignie.P. adds— Brutus luffed wele Corineus a frende of hym for sir brutus. ¶ Whan þeyr fflote wyþ al þer wayne Turnede fro þe lond of Spaigne, On þeyr right hand toward Peyto, Þe wynd to þat half bar hem tobare þam so.; Þore þe se receiues Leyre, Alle þe fflote com wyþ gret eyre.— Leyre rennes þorow many contre, And euereþer. he metes wiþ þe se.— Boþe þer fflute gon þer dwelleþer flotes boþe þer gan duelle. Seuen daye, fullykedays fully. to telle. Out of þe schipes þey wente grete route, & spredde þe contre alle aboute. Goffar was kyng of Peyters;perters. He sente knyghtes & squiers To waitewitt. who made on hym pres, & wheþer þey soughte werre oþeror. pees: Numbert he highte, þat bar message, ffor he knew diuerse langage. Corineus was go forwas gone. to chace, Venison to take of grace; Wyþ hym were two hundredtrois cens. Wace, l. 812. men To serche aboute in feld & fen. Wyþ Numbert mette Coryneus, & Numbert spak til hym right þus: " By whaswhos. leue & whaswhos. warant " Are ȝe here alle chasand?chasant. " & by whas conseil are ȝe& be whos rede ere. here " ffor to destruye þe kynges dere? " He[re] ne scholde ȝe makesuld ȝe mak no. chace " Bot þorow me or þe kyinges grace; " & þe kyng forbed ilkon " þat noman scholde take her non.perto. " How dar ȝe do sylksuylk. a þyng " Wyþouten leue of þe kyng?" ¶ Corineus spak al so hymas he. þought: " Of ȝour kyng ne wite we nought; " ffor hym ne wolwill. we leue to do, " Ne for his bode come hym to; " We knowe þe for no messeger,messengere. " Ne hym self, þeyþof. he were her." Numberte sone his bowe bent, & schetschotte.; bot Corineus bleynt.glent. Corineus was wroþ, y trowe; He sesede Numbertes bowe, & brak his bowe on his heued: Parmi le chief tant l'embati Que la cervelle en espandi. Wace, l. 833-4. His felawes fledde, & lefte hym ded,fled & dede hym leued. And wenten to telle& ȝede & talde. kyng Goffar How men a-wey his venison bar; & ilkaday þey teldeIlka dele þei tolde. hym how þat Coryneus Numbert slow. ¶ Bellum inter Goffar & Troianos. Goffar swor he scholdsuore he suld. hym venge: Of mikel folk he made a renge ffor to fallecom. on Brutes ost; & Brutus aspied onspied be. what cost, & sente vntil his fflute on flod, þat raskaylþat þare rescaile. (ringaille, Wace, l. 846.) to þe schip al ȝod, And þer vitaille wyþ hem lede Tyl þey wyste how þey scholdhe suld. spede: " Ne comes noughtcom not. out, y ȝow forbede, " Tyl þat y come, for doute & drede." Hys men of armes þat wiþ hym war,was. Þey went a-geyn þeageyn to. kyng Goffar. Þer hostes sone to-gydere mette, Wyþ spere & swerdwith dynt of launce. to-gedere sette; Þe Peyteuynes wel on þeym sought, Þe Trogens stode, þey&. failled nought, Þey stoden wel a gret party, Non wyste ho schold haue þewho suld haf. maystri. Coryneus for tene wax al wodwex þat þe Peyteuyns so wel stod. Out of þe renge he ȝede biside, & ches him folk þat dirste abyde,durst wele bide. & trauersed þe Peyteuynes bataille. Þenne bygan þey mykelfor. to faille; Þorow þeþorgh þer. host he made hem weye, On ilk a side he dide þem deye. Corineus þer his swerd he lees;suerde les. An ax he wan sone ynwan in all. þat pres, (As auenture fel, hit cam tilwas it com to. hande,) Agaynes þat mought þerageyn þat mot. noman stande, Neyþernoiþer. byhynde ne byforn; þat he ouer-rought,ouertok. þe lif was lorn. þe Peyteuines stode & byhelde How Coryneus faught in þe felde; þey sayesaw. his grete hardinesse, & his strokes þat were ay fresche;strokes were euer fresse. Byfore hym, euerylkon þey fleyghe,fleih. ffor drede of his hand to deye.ageyn hym nouht non ne deih. Whan he sey þat þey turnedsawe þat þei gaf. bak, He folewed fast,þam. & to þem spak: " ffalse folk! why fle ȝe? " ffle ȝe alle for drede ofall only for. me? " I am al one, Coryneus, " & for me one ȝe fleon ȝe fle all. þus! " Turn a-geyn! what haue ȝe þought?souht. " ffende ȝour lond, & flesfle; and omits the next two lines. nought! " Turn a-gayn, & comes blyue, " By two, by þre, by foure or fyue, " & fend ȝour land as men hardy; " þer folewes non bot onelyk y!"ȝow folowes non bot only I. ¶ Swerd,Suard. a knyght of þe kynges host, Herde his pride & his bost; Wiþ two hundred knyghtes & swayn On CoryneusCorrine. turned ageyn; On alle halue aboutenhalf about. hym þey ȝede, Bot he ne fled hemhe fled þam nouht. for no drede; Wyþ þat ax he hym bywent, Sire Swerdsir Suhard. a strok he lent, Wiþ þat strok his body clef, In-to þe erthe his ax dref. Þe oþer alle had no foysounfoson. (desfension, Wace, l. 913.) Þan hadþan. þe lomb ageyn þe lyoun. Þenne cam Brutes yBrutus com in. þat stounde, Many on he slow & leideslouh & leid. to grounde; Wiþ þe Trogens was no feyntise, Bot SwerdSuhard. was slayn, & alle hyse; Vneþes ascaped þe kyng wiþscaped þe kynge o. chaunce, He ȝed to sekeȝede & souht. hym help in ffraunce;— Hit highte nought Fraunce, þe name was Galle, Galle hit was cald þat tyme of alle;was it called þat tyme all.— þe twelue dosze-peres of pris departed þe lond in twelf partys; Ilkon of þes, Goffare þey hight, A vengier de ses anemis, Wace, l. 928.'Wyþ þe Troiens for hym to fight, & do þem alle to fle þe lond, Or do þem deye wiþ dint of hond.'A vengier de ses anemis, Wace, l. 928. Goffar þanked þem alle twelue, & ilkon gadered an ostgedred oste. hym selue. Brutus & hys men of Troye, ffor þeyr wynnynge þey madwynnyng made. gret ioye, & desconfyteddiscomfite had. þeyr enemys; A castel þey dide makedid mak. of pris In þe contre als þey nam; On a fair hil þey rested þam,& cam. A castel þey maden to haue rescet,mad to haf rescette. (Fr. recet, lieu de defense et de retraite. Lat. receptus.) Byfor hand was þer non set,ore was þer non sette. Toun ne castel þat non may wyten;no man witten. Bot als yn olde story ys wryten, Þorow þat makyng þat þey dide same, Tours hadde þey gyuen hit þehad gynnyng þerof &. name; Tours was cald,Toures called. þat wyde ys kyd, Þorow a knyght a dedþat dede. bytyd. When þe castel was mad & set,made & sette. & þer godes þerto yfet,fette. Bot two dayesDouse jors. Wace, l. 947. sithensen. hit was dight, Com Goffar wiþ alle his myghte, On þe Troiens to gyue bataille, & þer castel þey gonnegan. assaille, Bot whan þe kyng saw þat hil, TylTo. his men he seide his skyl: " Lo! þey haue y-madhaf mad. a Tour " ffor to abesen ourabate myn. honour. " Sorewe in herte wil me slo " Bot y be venget or þey go! " Þerfore, lordes, y preyelordes pray. ȝow alle, " Helpes now þat hit may falle. " Arme vs swyþe al redy, " Assaille we þem doughtyly!" Þey armed þeym alle, baron & knyght,P. transposes this line and the next. In tweluedeus, MS. du Roi, 27; douse, MS. du Roi, 75153.3, Colb. Wace, p. 47. batailles redy to fyght; To gyue assaut, al wer þey bone.þei were alle boune. Þey of þe castel com on fulcom out. sone, & smytenþei smyte. to-gyder al so smert Wyþ ful egre wyl of hert. Þat bataille was nought a lyte,þer was bataile of no lite. So felonly þey gonþai gan. to smyte; At þassemble, inIn þer strokes at. þe fi[r]ste tyde Þe Troiens had þe bettere side; ffor vnto tweyin tuo. L. has an old w and a modern el (wel) after ffor. þousand or mo Þe Troiiens slowenslouh. sone of þo. Þo twelue batailles þe Troiens brak, & dide þe ffrensche arere hemdid þe frankes go. bak. Þe ffrankysch þenne castfrankes þan kest. a cry, Þerfore men drowe to þeym ney,foreyn men drouh þam nehi. & stode ageyn, & smytenMS. snyten. sore, & þeir folk waxwex. ay more, Þey come ay fresche, & stoden wel, & drofdrofe. þe Troiens to þer castel. Þen had þe ffrankyschefrankes. þe fairer ende, Þat ded hem wyþ force a-geynMS. ageym. to wende;with force agayn did þam wend. Alle aþat. day þey held hem fight Tyl hem failled dayesday. lyght; Þey wyþ-drowen, towithdrouh till. logges þey ȝede, Þe nyght was come, þey mostecom nere þei most. nede. Þe Troiens þat had ben yn turpel,tirpell. [trépel, (trepidatio,) Wace, l. 981, p. 48.] At midnight tok þeyþer. conseil, Þat Coryneus out scholdesuld. go Wiþ his owen ost, & nooþer. mo, & busche hym inbusse in. a wode byside: " Þe frankisch ost ȝe schulfrankes ost ȝe sall. here bide, " & whan þer ost ys albe alle. comen, " & ȝe hauebe. a-geyn þem nomen, " ÞanMS. þtan. þen, P. scholsall. þey se þat ȝe ar fo, " Þey scholsall. nought drede on ȝow to go. " & take non auisement, " ffor ȝe ar fewe,ȝe ere. þey scholsall. nought tent, " & ȝe schalsall. abate ȝow hardely, " ffor atte hereat þer. bak y come redy; " Þe maistrie schalsall. oures be, " ffor coward elles hald þouhold ȝe. me." Coryneus he dighte hem ȝerne, & went out at þe day[e] sterne,al coc cantant. Wace, l. 995. & busched þem on a rowe þat þe Frensche moughte þemfrankisse kouth þam. nought knowe. þe Peyteuyns comen atte morwencom at þe morn. tyde, þe Troiens a-geyn þem gon ride Turynus a knyght, Brutusbrutus is written above Coryneus dotted out. ("un niès Bruti," Wace, l. 1004.) brutus, P. cosyn, He parted þe host of [þe] Peyteuyn, & rod þer host al þorow out, Might nomanmot non. bere his strokes stout; MerueyloslikeMeruelly. was he hardy, His hardinesse was foly; In al þe host ne hadde he pere, Of no strengthe þat men myghtmot. here, (Bot þe geaunt, sire Coryne,Corrine. (Fors Corinéus sole|ment, Wace, l. 1010.) ȝit was he al soals. strong as he:) He triste totrost hym. mykel on his myght; Ouer fer he ȝede on hemþam. to fight: He had slayn, þe story seys, Six hundred Peyteuyns & Fraunceys; Siþen com alle þe frankische route, & closed hym yn al aboute. De occisisione Turnij, & edificacione castri de Toures in Turonia. Er þan ouer camOr euer com. Coryneus, Erore. was he slayn, þis knyght Turnus. Right to deddede. as he was kast, Brutus hastedabatid. hym ferly fast, And tok þe body fro þeym alle Er he of his hors gan falle, And bar hit vp vntil his tour, þer was he beryed wyþfor. honur. ffor loue of Turnus, þat gode knyght, Toures in Tureyne now hit hight;Tours hes now þe name right & after Toures þat ilke cite, Tureyne hatTuroyne hate [was called]. al þat contre. Brutus retorned to þatcom ageyn to þe. fyght, And Coryneus halp wiþ alhalpe at. his myght; Þe ffrankische host was alþam. by-twene, Bytwyxt þeym totuo. þey made al clene Of ffrankische & of Peyteuyns; Þey leye in dykes & in kynes, Þey soughten howTo what stedes. þey mought hem hyde, In bataille wolteyto bataile wild þei. no lenger byde. Whan al was fled, & [þe]& þe. feld was playn, Brutus turned his folkoste. a-geyn; Ilkon to þer castel went, & þen þey heldeþer þei held. a parlement. Þer parlement, þys was þe ende, " Euerylkon to schip schold wende, " & drawe þer vitaille to þe se, " & weyue al þat ilkall þat. contre." When þey had don as y ȝow seye, Þey set vp seyl, & wentfurth. þer weye; Þey seyled boþe day &sailed day & on þe. nyght, Þat neuere striken, bot ay vpright, Tilto. þey aryved—as our book seys— In Dertemuithe atDertmuthe in. Toteneys. ¶ Hic primo Brutus intrauit Albion cum suo nauigio apud Toteneys. Al holykeAll holy. com þer flote In Dertemuthe, at oa. schote; þat ys þe Ilde þat dame Dyane Hyghthete. Brutus & his kynde alane. Out of þe schip þey com tyl land Wiþ mykel ioye, y vnderstand, When þey wyste þat þey were set To wone þer Diane had þem het, In þat Ilde of Albyon, & þenked þer godes euerilkon. þat ylke tyme was nought late,— fful longe hit ys,long tyme. as seyþ þe date,— þat tyme þatþe tyme. Brutes aryued her, . A þousand & two hunded ȝer, So mykel was hit byforn Er Iesu was of Marye born. In þat tyme wer here non hauntes Of no men bot of geauntes. (Geaunt ys more þan man; So seys þe bok, for y ne can; Lyke men þey arere. in flesche & bon; In my tyme saw y neuere non. Of membres haue þeyhaf þe. liknes þe lymes alle þat in man ys.) Twenty geauntz were in þys lond; Of on þe name wryten y fond, Gogmagog, þus was told; ffor he was strong, gret, & bold, Gogmagog þus men hym calle; Þey seydenIt says. he was most of alle. Þe Troiens, when þey þe geauntz sawe, Wyþ þer bowes at þeym gon drawe, & also wyþ dart & spere. þe geauntz couþe hem noughtcouth þam not. were; Vp to þe hilles fro þem þey wend, & left þe Troiens þe pleyn lond. A day þe Troiens made þer feste After þe manere of þer geste, Wyþ caroles, trompes, & pypyng,carols & with oþer glewe. ffor ioie of þer newe wonyng.wonyng newe. Whan þeyas þei. had karoled alder best, & ilkon schold han gosuld haf gon. to rest, So come þe geauntzvingt gaians, Wace, p. 52, l. 1085. See the "twenty," l. 1761 above. þat ylke nyght, & on þe Troiens smyte doun ryght. fformest was sire Gogmagog, He was most, þat foule froge; Þey faught wyþ trees þat þey vp drowe,— Y can nought seye whilk þey slow,— Oþer wepen had þey non, Bot smyten wiþ tres or castenkast with. ston. When þey had fought, & went to fle, In to þe hilles a-gayn to be, Þanare. were þe Troiens þeym bifore, & gaf þem woundes depe & sore, & slowe þem þe moste part Wiþ spere & bowe, swerd &with bowe with spere & with. dart. Gogmagog, þe Troiens tok;toke. þan saide Brutus 'þat þey schold lokbrutus sayd þat þei suld loke. ' Wheþer he wer strenger, or Cornyus.'Corineus. A place to pleye, ordeyned Brutus,— Corineus was wel of þat grauntwele o grante.— ffor to wrastle wyþ þat geaunt; On a clyf fastefelde fast. by þe se Þe wrastlyng was ordeynedset. to be; Alle þey ȝede, ȝonge & elde, Þat wrastlyng to byhelde. ¶ De ludo inter Coryneum & Gogmagogum. Coryneus first vp he stirt,first. & wyþ a cloþ his body gyrt; Strait in þe flank dide hym lace, & com & stod forth yHe com & stode forth in. þe place. Þen&. Gogmagog ros vp sone; He hadde hym dight, & was al bone. Þe firste pul so hardepulle so hard. was set Þat þeyr brestes to-gyder met; Þeir handes ouer bakkes þey caste,ouer bakkes handes þe cast. Syde to syde was set ful faste; Þer was turn ageynes turn;set to turne. Þat waykest was, byhoued spurn.scurn. ffor-setten byfore, & eke byhynde,Forset befor forset behynd. Wyþ crokes ilkon oþer gan bynde;oþer bynd. Oft aboute ilk oþer þrew, þe stem stod vp, so þey blew.stode whan þei blewe. þey handled boþe sore þer nekkes; Chynnes, chekes, gef hardechokes gaf harde. chekkes; Þeyr teþ gnaisted wiþ nosenese. snore, Hurtlede hedes set ful sore; Ilk oþer pulled, ilk oþer schok, Wiþ fet in fourchefouche. ilk oþer tok. Wyþ trip forsetten,forset. ilk oþer to gyle, In lyft in wryþyng þey sayed vmwhile;MS. vn while. P. has In liste & writhyng þei fraist vmwhile. Ilkon fro erthe dide oþer ryseIlk oþer fro þe erthe did vp rise. Wyþ strengþe more þan wyþ queintise. Gogmagog proued his strengþe,— Twelue cubyte he was in lengþe,Tuelf elbous he was o length.— In armes Coryneus he laught, & on hym drow so strong a draught þat þre rybbesune coste, MS. du Roi, 27, l. 1160; trois des côtes, MS. de Ste.|Genev. Y. fol. 10. Wace: Le Roux de Lincy, I. 56. brostenbrak. in his side, & had ner cast him [at] þat tyde. Þen was Coryneus a-schamedoschamede. Þat he was for þe geauntfor geant lamede. lamed; He recouered his strengþe for tene, Of skaþe wold hehe wild. hym no more mene; Wyþ þatAll with Ire. þe geaunt [anon] he hente, & in his armes so hym wente Þat Gogmagog gan to swowene, & bar hym& bare. wyþ þe bank [a]doune; Doun of þe roche he let hym falle— þerfore ffaleys men gon hit calle;þe name ȝit faleise men calle. Er he camare he com. doun, was flesche & bon Al to-ryuen fro ston to ston. A gret þrowea grete þer. þer he lay ded, Þe water of his blod was red. Brutus ordinauit & fecit manciones per loca. When þe geauntz were o dawe, þe Troiens hadden na morehad more no. awe; Tounes, houses, dide þey make, & mesured lond, & dide hit stake þat ilkon dide his owenhis owen ilk did. knowe; þen tyled þeyþei tilled. lond, & dide hit sowe. þat tyme þys lond hight Albyon; When Brutus cam, þat name was gon; ffor Albion was Brutes wayne, þerfore he dide hit calle Brutayne. When he & hise frohis of. Troye nam, Troiens were called tilto. þey þer cam; After þe Troiens þys name was set, ffor name of Brutes first hightewas. Bret; Afterward hit turned eftsones, ffor Brutus folkbrutus his folk. was cald Brutones. þat name held hit of Bretoun Long syþensen. þe Incarnacion, Til Gormound cam & he[re]here. gan aryue, Þe Brutons awey he dide hemdid he. dryue. Vneþe siþen any onneuer siþen vnneþis non. ros Þat longe bar any los. Þat of hisþerof is. spoken mykel in dede; Ney attenere at. þe ende ȝe may hit rede. Coryneus haddesesed. a god party Of þe lond, for he was worþy. Þer Corineus dide bataille, Þat contre he tok þat highte Waille;toke to waile. Of Corni & Waille, þat wascorn & kataile þat is. wynnyng, Hadde Cornewaille þe name gynny[n]g; Cornewaille com of Coryneus, & Brutayne com of sire Brutus. Ilkon to þeymIlkon. þer frendes drow, & bygged lond[e] for þeir prow: ffro stede to stede gongan. þey wende; Þer best was, þer woldewild. þey lende, &þei. multeplyed, & wel þrof,throfe. & woxen riche, kant & cof.wex ryche cante & kofe. In fewe ȝeresa fo ȝers. al þe kynde Of folk, þey woxenwex þei. mykel mynde. ¶ Constructio Noue Troie, qui iam dicitur Londonia. Brutus byhel[d] þe mountaynes & auised hym oon. þe playnes, biheld þe wodes, watres,water. & ffen, Where esyest wony[n]g werewas eyse wonnyng. for men; Als watres ronnen wel, he byheld, & mede wiþ þe eryed feld,& þe medew with ardawfelde. What fruyt he hoped hit wolde bere. His folk wax faste hisfast þe. lond to were, He þoughte in herte he woldeþouht in his hert he wald. do make A newe biggyng for Troyestroie. sake; A stede to sechehe chese. he ȝede to se, Wher he best þoughte,him thouht best. & most ayse. A water he fond, & cald hit Tamyse, After his langage, þer on his wyse: " Y schal sette her,.I. will here. oure kynde to ioye, " A cite for þe loueluf. of Troye; " ffor Troye was so noble a cite,noble cite. " Newe Troye þe name schal be." Newe Troye longe hit hight, Tyl som men come wiþtill quant men com of. langage lyght,— Schort speche haddeSchorte speche had. þey in haunt,— & cald Newe Troye, Trenouant. Al ys on, hoone who. so hit knewe, Trenouant & Troye newe; Troye newe ys Trenouant, Two wordes in on, & non ysone & nouht is. want. þen camcom. a kyng, Lud was his name, & made a gate in þatþe. same; Kaer Lud þe name laught,lauht. ffor loue of Lud þat hit aught;MS. lauht. þe toune auht. ffor to haue of hym renoun, Kaer Lud þey caldeþei called. þe toun. When Saxonswhan Sessons. com, þat name ne couthe,— Þer owen speche was best yn mouþe— þey cald hit Ludden & London: þus þe name cam eft don,son. London, on SaxonsSesson. langage. Now Englysche holden þateAnglis hold þat. heritage, Als men of oþerAls oþer of. nations þat han be here syþ þe Bretons; As þeHas ye. names of contres Ben chaunged, & lawes & fees,Bien changed lawes & fees. ffro þe firste þat þey were named, Als straunge folk han hider y-samed.outen folk haf hidere samed. ¶ Whan Brutus had set his cite & burgeys mad,set. & gaf þeym fee, In lawe wysly to welde, & pes to haue in ȝonkþeȝouth. & elde, He regned ffoure & twenty ȝer In al Bretaigne fer & ner. Al was Brutaigne, by elde tales, Engelond, Scotlond, & Walys, þyse þre were þenneþan. al on, þat erest was caldare was called. Albyon; Albion highte þyse londes þre, ffor þey ar closed al wiþ þe se. ¶ Post decessum Bruty, regnauit Lokerynus filius eius. Brutus had wyþ Ignogyn þre childre: þe eldest hight Lokeryn, Þat oþer,þe toþer. Kamber & Albanak; þise lyuede byhynde Brutus bak, & buryed hym, hisþise. sones þre. When he was ded in his cite, Þyse þre brethere in loue & pes Parted þe lond, & ilkon ches, & held þem payed on& were paied of. þer partys, Als þe þre royames lys.remes lis. Lokeryn ches first, he was eldest; þys lond of Logres hit fel hym best. Logeres hit ys after his name;P. omits these two lines. ffor Lokeryn, Logers had hit þe name.P. omits these two lines. Kamber til his part gan ȝerne North west þe water of Seuerne, In length, in brede, als hit [gan]& brede as it gan. lye, & for his name kald hit Kambrie: Kambrie hit highte, by þo tales, Þat lond þat now ys cleped WalesAll þe lond þat is now Wales. Lamb. MS. has Weles.; & for þe quen dame Galaes, ffor loue of hure, þat name þey ches. Somme now seyeSom say. for oþer reson Galeys was cald, for duk Galon: Whylom þys duk was of power, & gret renoun hadde fer & ner. Albanak was ȝongest of alle, þe moste wodeland gan hym falle. Albanak kalde his partie After his name, Albanie: Albanie highte þat now ysþat is. Scotland, As y schal ȝow telle how yAs I sall telle ȝow who it. fand: þe name of Scotlon,Scote. þe firste rote Hit was gyuen a mayden Scote; Scote was ffaraonesPharaon. doughter þe kynge, Tylto. Scotland was scho wedded ȝynge, And was tilto. hire gyuen, & scheo hit aughte; Of hire þe name Scotland laughte. ¶ Numbert,Humbert. a kyng o Huneys, A robbour he was al, hitwas it. seys; He robbed þe ildes alle a-boute; Of lyþerfelon. men he hadde gret route. Of Albanye men tilto. hym spak, þat was a childesbot a childe was. Albanak: Wiþ Albanak fayn wold he fyght, & Albanak fasteherd. ageyn hym dight; Bot Albanak sone þer he slow; His folk fledde, & southeward drow, & pleyned þem to sireplenyd vnto. Lokeryn How þey ascaped wiþ mykel pyn. Lokeryn vntil Kamber sent; Þey gadered host, & þyder went. A-gayn þeim com sire Numbert;Humbert. Of þeym boþe was he nought ferd. In an arme of þe se Met þey to-gidere alle þre. þe Bretons were wel mo þan he; In-to þat water þey dide hem fle; þe breþer had more powere þen he/ In þat water fast gan he fle. þey ne ascapedHe ascaped nouht. for no thyng & so þer drenkledHe dronkend þer. Humbert þe kyng. ffor Humbert gan þer mys-falle, Sire Lokeryn dide þe water calle Humber, after sire Humbert, ffor he dreynte þerin in apert.for he dronkend þer in apert. ffro Alemaigne sire Humbert cam, Þe ildes he robbed al so he nam. Sire Lokeryn tok þat he had reft, Þre faire maydenes in his schipþe maydens in his schyppe. were left: þe kynges doughter of Germyne Was þe fairest of alleþase. þre. Sire Lokery[n] byheld fasteȝened mykill. þat may, Scheo was þe fairest tilscho was fairest vnto. his pay; Tendrely he dide hure ȝeme, Of alle scheo was most til hisof alle women scho mot hym. queme; Estrilde þat maiden hight, Was non so fair in Lokerynesnon fairere in Lokerin. sight. Corineus, ȝit lyued he þo, He hadde a doughter, && childere. no mo; He had spoken wiþ Lokeryn To wedde his doughter Gwyndolyn;Guendoline. Lokeryn & he were in couenaunt,conaunt. & þey boþe had mad þe graunt, Þat, for þe loue of fair Estrilde, Lokeryn haf brokene hit, fayn he wylde.broken it wilde. Corineus herde hit sone seye: þer Lokeryn was, he tok þe weye; An ax in his hand he tok, On Lokeryn loþliche gan he lok, & angrily tilwrothfully to. hym he spak,— Nought bot wrathene bot wreth of. his mouþ brak,— He seide, "Lokeryn, þou art a fol! " þy selue dightestdightes. þe to dol: " þy ded of me þen schalt þou haue; " Þer-fro noman schal þe saue. " Why hasthaf. þou my doughter forsaken " þat in trouþe þow haddestþou had. taken? " Þat ys þe þank þat þou me cones! " I hopeFor holpe? halpe, P. to wynne þat þou inneMS. ime. wones. " Y serued þy fader in many nede, " & yuel ȝeldestille ȝeldes. þou me my mede. " I auntred me in many chaunce " þy fader Brutus forto auaunce; " Many strok gaf in many stour " To brynge þy fader til his honur; " & ȝit þy self auaunce y wylde. " Bot for on þey calle Estrylde, " fforsake[st]Forsakes. my doughter Gwyndolene, " & dostdos. me despit & tene! " Whil (þou wost)Till þou wote. y am on lyue, " Schalt þou haueSall þou haf. non oþer wyue! " þou bryngestbringe. þe in foul fame, " & dostdos. me gret onoyme dispite. & schame, " & my doughter Gwendolyn!" & leyde hand on Lokeryn, & wolde han venged þerwild haf venged. his tene, Nadde lordes schoten hem& lordynges schet þam. bytwene & departed hemþam. o twynne, And preied Cornyus forto blynne. ¶ Lokerinus desponsauit hic Gwendolenam. Þey conseilled sire Lokeryn: He ȝede & wedded Gwyndolyn. Bot he forgat in noneon no. manere ffaire Estrilde þat was hym dere: In Londone he dide hure kepe Vnder ertheþe erth. in a seler depe; Estrylde was longe þare, Seuen ȝer & somwhat mare. When Lokeryn schold tilsuld vnto. hire go, To dwelle wiþ hure a day or to, Vntil his wyf þen toldetald. he " þat he scholdsuld. go in priuete, " & stille makestilly mak. his sacrifise " Til his Godes þerMS. þt. vnto his godes, P. wyþ his seruise; " ffor openly ne fel hitin. nought " To do þat seruise þat he had wrought."he wroht. So longe he pleyed wiþ Estrilde Þat scheo haddescho had. a mayden childe: Sabren hit highte, as whit aswhite so. glas, & fairere þan þe moder was. Gwyndolene a childsone. had þan, A sonechilde. þat highte Madan: Coryneus hadde hit to loke; When tyme was, set hit to boke. WhanMS. What. Whan, P. þat Corineus was ded, Dame Gwyndolene he misbed;misbede. ffor hure fader dide him tene, He drof awey dame Gwyndolene, & tok Estrild[e] til his quene As dame Gwyndolene had bene. Scheo sey no bettere myghte auaille, Scho gadered an ost in Cornewaylle; Tyl hure frendes scheo pleyned hyre; Ageyn Lokeryn þey gon hemgan þam. atyre Wyþ gret host out of mesure. Vpon a water men calde Esture, In Dorsete-schire, þey mette, & to bataille swyþe þeybatale smertly. sette. þe kyng was slayn þer wiþ a schote, þe host destruyeddiscomfet. ilk a crote; þe quen had þer þe heyer hand, Scheo dide seise al þe land, Scheo did þen take faire Estrilde, & Sabrin þat was hure child, & dide þem yn a water cast; ffor þeym þe name ys roted fast;rotefast. Seuerne hit hight,hate. Robert of Brunne leaves out the Fr. à Cirecestre en mer descent, Wace, I. 71, l. 1473, as it is wrong. for þe child Sabren, ffor þat child þat name we ken: Þat tyme þat þis chaunce fel, Lyuede þe prophete SAMUEL. Gwyndolene was þen stout, Scheo dide þe folk vntil hire lout: Ten ȝer wiþ Lokeryn had scheo ben, & siþen fiftene wynter, quen. When Madan couthe kepe his þyng, In hure lyue was he mad kyng. To Cornewaille sche turnede eft, To kepe þat hure fader left. Madan gat vpon his wyf Two sones þat ay lyuedþat lyued. in strif; Malyn highte þe eldest broþer, Membrice men calde þat oþer. Madan regned fourty ȝer, & left his sones þat lond in wer.wehere. Þyse brethere were euere wrothe, ffor þe lond þey striuen boþe. Membrice for trewes to Malyn sent, In pes to holde a Parlement; Bot Membrice to treson drow, His broþer Malyn priuely he slow; Þorow slaughter & þorow treson& treson. Membrice hadde þe region. Þys Membrice waxhe wex. vnkynde, ffordede god men þat he myghtþe gude men, we. fynde, Reften oþerReft þam ouþer. land or lyf, Or forsok& forsoke. his wedded wyf, & haunted synneþe syn. of Sodome: Vnkyndely to bestes he com. Twenty ȝer þen hadȝere had. he space, & als he went into. wode to chace, ManyWith. wolues alone he mette; Also þeues abouten hym þey set,As deueles þai about hym sette. Lym fro lym hym al to-rent; & so Membrice to deþedede. went. Þen Saul regned in Iudea, And Eristeus in Lacudemonia. Dunc estoit Samüel prophètes, Et Homer ert prisez poëtes. MS. du Roi, 73, Cangé. Wace, I. 73, note (b). Ebrauk his sone was of age, Had þis lond in heritage. He was a ful noble knyght, A gret nauye he dide hymhe gert. dight; He was þe first man of þys lond þat robbed by se oþer by sond.bi see & sond. Wiþ Cornewaleys he stod to chaunce, Þey & he robbed al ffraunce; Þey robbed tresor & vitaille; Hom in to Bretaigne þenHome to Bretayn. gan þey saille. When he hadde y-now tresour & fe,had tresore & feeȝ. In þe North he made a cite; Kaer Ebrak he calde þat toun; Anoþer, Aclud, vpon Brutoun. Kaer Ebrak first men spak, Syþen men caldyt Eborak; ffor frankysche speche ys nought so lyk,not so like. ffor Eborak þey caldit Euerwyk. Aclud he calde Maidenes toun, Carlauerok es now þe renoun; Maydeneskastel by þat day, Wiþ maydenes had he þer his play. Mais j'o n'en sai por quel raison Li castiax ot nom de Pucèles Plus que de dames, ne d'ancèles Ne me fu dit, ne jo nel di; Ne jo n'ai mie tot oï, Ne jo n'ai mie tot véu, Ne demandé, ne retenu. Mult estourait à home entendre Qui de tot volroit raison rendre. Wace, I. 75, 76, l. 1566-74. Sexti wynter he regned lyues,in lyue. & twenty sones had byhe had twenty sons with. twenti wyues, & þrytty doughtres by þe same. Of þyse children, lystneþ þerof þe sons listen þe. name: ¶ Nomina filiorum & filiarum Regis Eboracy. ¶ Brutes Grenescheld, Margadu, Cisillus, Regien, Bladu, Moryod, Lagon, Ebolan,Jagon et Bolloan, Wace, I. 76, l. 1583. Kynbar,Kinkar, P. Rinqar, Wace, l. 1584. Spadan, Gaul, Pardan, Eldade, Chagus, Cherin,Cangu, Revi, ib. l. 1585. Luwor, Lud,Rut, ib. l. 1586. Assarak, Buwel, Ector. Þise aren þe sones name ryght; Now lystneþListens. how þe maidones hight: ¶ Þe firste highte Gloyglyn, Otyda, Anrar, Nynogyn,P. transposes this line and the next. Gardid, Rodan, Gwedian, Angart, Gwenlode, Medlan, Leticlas, Orar, Vinogin, Gaudis, Rodan, Guellian, Angaint, Gelloe, Meldan. Wace, I., 76, l. 1590-92. Mayleure, Echab,Ecub, Wace, l. 1593. Tangustel, Stadirt, Lambrada,Kambreda, P. Methael,Staclud, Rausbreda, Mécabel. Wace, l. 1594. Gaat, Etheyn, Neest, Egorgon,et Gorgon, Wace, l. 1595. Gladus, Abren, Langon, Egron,Blagon, Engron, Wace, l. 1596. Edra, Abalak, & Agnes,Angues, Wace, l. 1597. Anor, Stahad,Staliad, P. Angalaes.Stadial, Galves, Wace, l. 1598. Galaes was þe gentilestwas jentilere. lady þan any of al þe oþereþan þe toþer. nyne & twenty; Anor, scheo was ful curteyse, & well couþe demeyne richeyse; Gloyglyn, sche was eldest, & scheo was of maneres best.et plus sénée, Wace, I. 77, l. 1608. Alle were þey dight, þyse madenes gent, & in-to Lombardye war sent To þe Kyng Syluy, LatynesLatyn. sone, To brynge þemat bring þam. to warisone. Al were þey gyuen, als þey ȝode, To þe Troiens men of gode. Þe twenty bretheren, als hit seys, To purchasen hem þeypurchace þam. wente þer weys; þey dide þem intil Alemaygne, & alle þe lande was þer wayne. ¶ Brutus Grenescheld Rex. ¶ Brutus Grenescheld, hisþe. eldeste sone, In þys lond he lefte to wone; Twelue wynter he regnede here Al in þes & gode manere.Rex leylus. ¶ He hadde a sone þat hyghte Leyl, He made a toun wiþ his conseil: Caerlel hit hatte, as men hit seye. Bot Leyl ageyn þat he schold deye, Preyed faste in his elde, ffor his lond he mought nought& his lond couth not. welde. Ilkon on oþer werre sought; ffor doute of hym left þey ryght nought, Ne he couþe be nocouth no bettir. iustyser: He regned fyue & twenty ȝer. . ¶ Nomina prophetarum tempore isto. In his tyme was þe prophete Amos; And Hyen and Aggos,Hien & Aggeos. And þe prophete Sakarye,From Geoff. Mon. Wace (I. 79, l. 1660-4) puts "Solemons, Amos, "Aggéus et Johel" in Rehudybras's reign, after l. 2238 here. In þat tyme preched prophecie. He lysLeyl lygges. at Karlel, as þe stori spak, & BrutesBrutus lygges. at ȝork biside Eborak ¶ Rehudybras Rex fecit Wyntonium & Canter|burium & Schefton.& Schefton in another hand. After Lleyl regned Rehudybras;Rudhudibras. To iustice þe folk, fol wysfolk noble. he was; He acorded al his barons Pees to holde, &he. made hem somons; He made Wyncestre & Canterbyre, & þe castel of Chestebury;Chestirschire. (Cestebire, Wace.) Awhileonegle inserted by a later hand. spak þanne, & prophesied, Bot som men seide þat he lyed. One spak þer & prophecied Aquile: men sais he lied. P. Uns aigles, MS. du Roi, 27. un ange, MS. de Ste.-Genev. Y. fol. 10. Wace, I. 79. note a.¶ Aquila Septonie. Rehudybras, in his power, He regned nyne & fourty ȝer.Qarante ans, un mains, réna cil. Wace, I. 79, l. 1657. ¶ Bladutus Rex fecit Balneum.In another hand. ¶ After þe Kyng Rehudybras, Bladut his sone corowned was. Bladut dide many maystri, He gaf hym al to nygromaunci; Hoteþe hate. bathe he dide make, ffor mikel god to mannes sake; He dide leye þerinþer it. springes, Tonnes of bras wiþ queyntebras quante. þynges Þat make þe water euere hot; What ys þerynne, noman wel wot; Bathe, for baþyng, þe name hight; Byside þe baþe aMS. &. P. has a. temple he dight,— Þe temple name was Mynerue,— Þe folk to receyue & to serue; A fire? MS. After. A fire, P. he dide make þer-inne, Euere to brenne & neuere to blynne. Bladut wrought many meruaille, Many god þyng þat ȝit wyl vaylle;many a gude þat ȝit'auaile. Atte laste he wolde fleye, ffeþer-hames he made hym sleye; At London he tok his flyght, & fley as fer as he myght Vpon a temple sireþe temple of. Appolyn, Þeron he fel, & m[a]de his fyn; Sire Appolyn so doun hym cast, Þat body & bon hit al to-barst:to brast. Twenty wynter was he kyng, At London he mad his endyng. ¶ Leyr Rex fecit Leycestre. After hym þen regned Leyr, Þat was his sone & his eyr; ffourty wynter þen regned he; Vpon Sore he made a cite, Kaer Leyr he dide hit calle, Leycestre þe name ys now wiþ alle. Þre doughtres hadde sire Leyr, Mighte he haue non oþer eir, Þe eldeste highte Gonorille, Þat oþer Ragaw,Ragau (but Ragawe l. 2297, &c. below.) Wace has Ragau. þe þrydde Gordylle,Gordille. (Gordéille, Wace.) Bot Gordille,Gordille. (Gordéille, Wace.) was ȝengest, & hure louede þe fader best. Leyr, when he was in elde, His lond fol wel myght he nought welde; He þoughte his doughtres gyue hosebandes, & twyxten hem parten his landes; Bot of hem first he þoughtewald he. here Which of hem had hym most dere; He assaiedasked of. ilk by þeym self one, Þe eldest first of ylkone. ¶ He com & spak to Gonorylle, " Doughter, sey me new þy wylle, " How mykel woldest þou me loue " ȝyf þou were lady me aboue?" Whan swylk awhan þat. word scheo herde neuene, Scheo swor by þe Godhed of heuene, Wheþer scheo were mayden or wyf, Scheo wolde louescho wild luf. hym as hure lyf. " Doughter," he seyde, "graunt mercy! " Of me þou getes gret curtesy." ¶ He com & spak vnto Ragawe: " Doughter, sey me þe soþe sawe: " How mykel louestou me wyþ wylle?" & Ragaw þoughte onthouht of. Gonorylle, Scheo seide: "ffader, y loue þe more " Þan al þat in þys werld euere wore!" " Doughter, þat ys loue ynow; " Þat louyng schal beþi lufyng sall falle. for þy prow." ¶ He com to Gordylle þat was ȝongest; Of boþe þe oþer he loued hure best. Scheo wyste how þat hure systres seyde, Of a gyle hit was a-breyde. " Doughter, how mikel louestlufes. þou me?" " ffader," scheo seyde, "y schal sey þe: " Als my fader y haue þe loued, " And euere more schal to be proued."& euer sall to be reproued. " Ne louest þouLoues þou. me namore, mi dere?" " ȝys, fader, þou lystlisten. & here: " Ryght als þou has, so artow worþy, " So mykel loue to þe owe y." Þat word tok he yuel tilill to. herte, He vnderstod hit al ouerþwerte; Scheo seyd nought glosyng tilglosand to. his wille, Als Ragaw dide, & Gonorille; Þerfore he answerd þus a-geyn: " Of me þe þynkesþink. gret desdeyn, " & hasthas. myn elde in despit; " Of myn for euere þou art quyt; " Þou seist nought as þy sistren seis, " Þyn answere his noughtof þin ansuere. so curteys; " Þerfore y schalsall. myn heritage " Gyue þy sistres in mariage; " Þey scholsall. depart hit þeym by-twene, " & þou þer-fro [go] quit & clene: " Of þem alle y loued þe mest,chirest þe maste. " & now y se þou loues me lest!" Gordille wolde namoreno more wild. seye, Ne striue ageyn, bot ȝede hure weye; Ne he ne saide namore til hire, Bot wente fro hure al inhe went away full of. ire. In þys tyme þat þey were wrothe, He mariede þe oþere doughtres boþe; Þe kyng of Scotland þat on dide wedde; HennieisHennis. of Cornewaille, Ragaw hom ledde; Þey acorded alle at her pay To parte þe lond al by his day. Dame Gordylle wiþ wraþthe sche went, Of many men mikel was by-ment,was ment. Þat sche hadde no warisoun Neyþer of rente, lond,rent of lond. ne toun; & he forbed hire lord to take In his lond, for warison sake; Þerfore he schamede hureþerfor aschamed hir so. sore; & hure ouer-þoughtehir forþouht. mykel more Þe wraþthe of hure fader þe kyng Wel more þan any oþer þyng.þan þe tynsell (loss) of oþer thyng. ¶ Aganyppus, þe kyng of ffraunce, Herde speken of GordyllesGordille. chaunce,— Alle men leyde on hurehow men said of hir. gret pris Þat sche was fair, curteys, & wys,— & þoughte ȝyfhe þouht if. he myght hure haue, Al his honur schold sche saue.? MS. haue. P. reads suld scho saue. He sente messegers to Leyr, To wedde his doughter he was in speyr; Bot Leyr had nought ȝit forgeten How lyghtly sche had of hymof him had. leten: Leyr sent hym ageyn to seye, " His land was gyuen to hishe had gyfen his lond to. doughtres tweye; " Hure body on hym he vouched saue; " Wiþ hure nought elles myghte he haue." To Leyr he sente ȝut eft ageyn, & seyde Leyr& teld hym. for certeyn " Þat he ne askede non oþer þyng, " Bot onlike his doughter ȝyng." Leyr þen graunted þem also sone;þam alsone. Wiþ hure to wende þey made hem bone; To schip þey wente, & vp þe sayl, Þey askede namoreasked þei non. apparayl. Now ys hure falle þe fairest chaunce, Gordylle ys mad heris mad. quene of ffraunce. Þenne þeLo þo. men þat kyng Leyr Had ordeyned to ben his eyr, þey nolde soffre hym nought to take, Hys owen propreawen propir. for to make. WhenHewyn. þe Duk of Cornewaille, Al þe souþ tyl hym gan taylle; Manglanus,Meglan. þe kyng of Scotlond, Þe north he tok hit tilnorth toke to. his hond; Leyr was al at þer baundoun, & þey sette hym to lyuersoun;liuerison. Þey sette hym honurable to be, Wiþ fourty knyghtesà cinquante chevaliers, Wace. of meygne. Leyr held hym payed of þat coueinaunt;was payed of þat conant. To holde hym þat, þey swore þe graunt. ¶ Wyþ Menglanus was Leyr þe kyng fful wel serued atte þe comyng;gynnyng. Sone afterward þey fillede ofþei filled. Leyre, & dide his liuere for to apeire. After þe peirementAfter apeyrment. of his liuere, Were abated of his meyne; Þe quene, his doughter Gonorille, Hure þoughte most scorn & ille Of þe meyne hure fader held; Gret outrage scheo hit held. Sche seyde vntil Manglanus, " ffolylyfouly (? for fonly, foolishly). hold we þis meyne þus, " Þat mykel þyng al day notes; " & my fader in elde dotes " To haldehold. swylk a squierye, " & gret costage in ryotrye. " Þerfore y rede, doþ als y seye, " Lat somme of hem gosom of þise go forth. þer weye." Þen was ordeyned to lesse þer men; Of fourty knyghtes abatedMS. abyde þe. abatid, P. (30 are left, see. l. 2428.) ten. Þen was sire Leyres rente abated; He auaunsed first hure þat hym hated; Scheo was first maried of alle, And first dide scheo his honur falle. Alas! to feweAllas fo. childre men fynde, Þat ben to fader & moder kynde!Nota. De ingratitudine filiarum, & planctu patris eorum, Leyr. Now gynnes Leyr to myslyke; " Sone," he seyde, "þey gynne me swyke " ffro myn aboueMS. alone. aboue, P. y am put lowe, " & ȝit scha[l] moreȝit more. wyþynne a þrowe. " Myn oþer doughter wyl y proue, " Þey scheo bewhat scho is worth. wroþ to my byhoue;" & dight hym wyþ his apparaille To wende& went him. in to Corne-waille. He dwelt nought þer fullykhad not bene þer fully. a ȝer, Þat þey ne made hym gret daunger, & lessede his knyghtes &his. oþer men: Of þritty þey abated ten, And ȝit of twenty abated fyue; Þen wold Leyr han ben of lyue; De trente homes l'ont mis à dix, Puis le misrent de dix à cinc. Wace, p. 91, l. 1946-7. " Alas!" he seyde, "y hider cam! " ffro wycke vntil wors y nam." To Gonorille a-gayn he ȝede, He wend sche wold heue mendedwald amend. his nede, Haue gyuen hym als scheo haddeas he had. byforn, Sche swor by god þat hure leetsuore þat god lete hir. be born, Þat scheo ne wolde, day ne nyght, Halde bot hym & a knyght. ¶ Lamentacio Regis Leyr. Þenne bygan Leyr to sorewe, & ment his mone euen & morwe; Þe grete richesse he hadde byforn, Al was a-weye & y-lorn: " To longe a lyue haue y be,Now ouer long o lyue haf .I. bene. " Þat euere scholdy þys day se! " Ensample offforbisen bi. me men may take, " & warnyng of sibbe,& warned be. for my sake! " Y hadde richesse; now haue y non! " My wyt & al myn help& my happe. P. omits the next fourteen lines, which are, how|ever, in Wace (p. 92-3), and are taken more or less from Boethius, de Consolatione. ys gon! " Lady ffortune, þou art chaungable; " O day art þou neuere stable; " No man may of þe affye, " Þou turnes hym doun þat er was heye; " Þat now ys doun, vpward þou turnes; " Wyþ þe, nys non þat he ne mournes; " Bot þere þou gyuest þy loue lokyng/, " He ys worschiped als a kyng; " & whom þou turnest þy lokyng fro, " Sone ys he doune yn sorewe & wo; " Þe vnkynde þou wilt vp reyse, " Þe kynde þou puttest to meseysey; " Wyþ kyng & erl, when þe myslikes, " Þer welþe a-wey to wo þou strykes. " When y had godgold. & welþe ynow, " Þen fondy frende þat to me drow;my frendes vnto me fast drouh. " Now pouerte ys put me byforn, " Þat al þer sight froof. me ys lorn; " Þer loue schold lange to mesuld longe to. þorow ryght, " Þat schewe me of loueþei mak of luf. semblaunt ne syght. " Dame fortune, þy louely lok " & þy gode wille fro me þou tok, " When y blamed my doughter ȝyng, " & gaf no kepe til hure kennyng/, " Þat seyde me soþ apertely: " 'Als y had, so was y worthy, " 'And also mykel scheo loued me:' " Scheo seide bettere þan y couþ se; " Hure word noþyng y ne vndestod, " But mad me wroþ: y couþe no god, " Y parceyued nought what was hure tent, " Bot now fele y wel what scheo ment; " Y fele hit we[l] þe soþe hit endes; " Whyder may y now to seke mymay I to seke me. frendes? " ȝyf y seke hure for any frame, " Þey sche me weyue, scheo nys& scho me weyue scho nes. to blame, " ffor y defended hure my lond, " Ne nought hure gaf, ne hureNe nouht I gaf hir. ne fond: " Naþeles, hure wol y seke, " Y fond hure euere god and meke; " Wisdam sche has me ytaught, " Wysdam schal make hure wiþ me saught; " ȝyf y may nought bryng hure þerto, " Wors þan þe oþere may sche nought do; " Scheo seydeHe said. a þyng y scha[l] now proue, " 'Als hure ffader scheo wolde me loue;' " & als scheo seyde, proue schal y " Hire kyndenesse & hure curtesy." When Leyr had longe sore syked, Hys mone ment, & myslyked; He dighte hym, als of chaunce, Right ouer þe se forþ into& ouer þe se he ferde to. ffraunce. Vp at CalaysChaus, MS. du Roi, 27; Kaleis, MS. Cot. Vitel. A. x.; Chain, MS. de Ste. Gen. Y. fo. 10; Wace, p. 95. he haueneAt kaleis vp heuen he. hent, To þe quene priuely he sent; At a cite he abod, Whyle a man histill a man þe. message rod, & telde þe quene al hys cas, And how he vp aryued was; How hys doughtres had wyþ hym wrought, Al his meschef, furgat [he]mischefe forgate he. nought. ¶ De gratitudine Gordylle. Gordille, when sche wyste þe pleynt, Hure faire colour gan wex algan all to. feynt Al þat scheo had yn hure power, Scheo bitaught hit þe messeger, & bad hym go hym forte atyre Wyþ honur, to come & speke wiþ hire; " Bot byforn sendesbiforhand send. my lord þe kyng, " & warne hym of his comyng." Þe messager spedde hym swyþe, & broughte Leyr tydyng blyue; Vntyl anoþer cyte he ȝede, & dight hym al þat hym was nede. When he was dight at hys wylle, To þe kyng he sent, & to Gordylle, Þat he was ryued y þat contre, To speken þe kyng, & his doughter se. ¶ When he wyst þat Leyr schold come, Agaynes hym ful faire þey nome, & fair receyues hym afornfor. þe quen Als a man he hadde nought seen: He comaunded yn hys kynedam To worschipe hym where þat he cam. When he had dwelled longe space, & telde how his doughtres dide him chace, Sire Aganyppus was curteys; He samned an ost of his ffraunceys, & comen wyþ Leyr ouer þe se To helpe to wynne a-gayn his fe. Cordille wiþ hure fader went, Wyþ leue of hure lord his host had sent. Þe dukes sone byforn hem þey fond, Þey slowe þem boþe, & wonne þe lond. Þre ȝer after was he kyng, In ful seysyne madeplenere seisen. hys endyng; Dame Gordylle he made his heyr; In Leycestre sche leyde hure fader Leyr, In a temple solempnely; Þe temple highte temple Iany. Sone after fel þe chaunceþat chance fell. þus, Deide hure lord Aganyppus. In hure wydewehod sche had þe honur ffyue ȝer als conquerrour.Not in MS. du Roi, 27; but four other French MSS. have "Puis a "cinq ans tenu l'onor." Wace, p. 98. Hire two sistres had two sones; How þey dide, þe story mones: Gonorilles sone highte Mongan,Gonorill son hight Morgan. Þat oþer Condage, a noble man. When þys Morgan and þys CondageCinedagius, Wace, p. 98, l. 2108. Waxen were, & of age, To Gordylle þey gaf bataille. & scheo ageyn dyde hem trauaille. ffirst were þey boþe ouercomen, & at þe laste Gordille wasþei. nomen, And held hire longe in þer prison, ffor hurehir. myght go no raunson. When no raunson myght for hurehir. go, Hurehir. self for sorewe dide sche slo. ¶ Exe fratres diuiderunt regnum. Wha[n] þat Condage & MorganMargan (like Wace and Geof|frey, and henceforth to line 2599.) Of Gordylle þus þe land wan, Condage tok (als hym þoughte best) Ouer Humber þe Northwest. Þenne Morgan þe South ches, &bot. two ȝer þey helde þe lond yn pes; Bot Couetyse þat neuere restes, Venym amonges men hit kestes. Morgan hadde enuiouse felawes, Þat wyckedly seyde til hym sawes; Þem were leuere werre þan pes. He lystned hem, & þat he ches. Þus þey seyde vntil Morgan, " Þatþat left out. þow art eldest, & baldest man, " & hasthas. bot half, & ȝit þe leste; " & he ys ȝongest, & haþhe ȝongere & has. þe meste, " And þat ys al þyn owen gylt. " Þou may haue hit al ȝyf þat þou wilt; " To ride, ȝyf þat þou wile bygynne, " & alall. þe lond[e] myght þou wynne; " Þou getestgetis. folk wyþoute noumbre " To sese þe londe by-ȝonde Humbre. " ȝyf þou bygynne forto ryde, " Condage schal nought þe abyde." Morgan dide atte herdid after. conseille & wroughte hym self to wroþer haylle; He passed Humber, destruyed þe lond, Brente & robbed al þat he fond. ¶ Condage herde hit sone seye; He dighte his host to stoppe hys weye Morgan herd telle þat Condage Com wiþ gret host & outrage; He turned bak, & gan to fle South, fro contre to contre. ffer yn to Walys fled Morgan; & Condage folewed, & hym ouer-ran. ¶ De morte Morgan per contumeliam. And þer yn Walys Morgan slow. Þorow hit haþ þat þe name now,Nota. " Clow Morgan"Fr. Marge; that is, Margate in Kent! says de Lincy. Wace. i. 100. ys now þe name, ffor Morgan deide in þat same. ¶ Condageus Rex. Þen had al, sire Condage, Þe lond holykholy. in heritage; Þrytty wynter was he kyng, In pes he made his endyng. ¶ De prophetis & Romulo.Ysayas. ¶ In his tyme was Isaye, & preched þenne þe prophecie; & þe prophete Osee, Y þat tyme þanþat tyme. lyuede he; And þe Emperour Romulus & his broþer sire Remus, Þyse two brethere made Rome, Þer holy chirche gyueþ þekirk gifes his. dome; Þre hundred ȝer & foure score & seuentene, þus ferfell. [Not in Geoffrey.] byfore Regned kynges y þis landes Ar Rome wer set þer hit now standes. ¶ Ryual Rex. After þe kynges tymeþis hyng. Condage, Ryual his sone tokheld. þe heritage. Þre dayes in his [tyme] reyned blod— Y ne wot why, ne vndestod,— & wox so mykel mynde of flyes, Men deide by gatesbi strete. & by styes: Alle men hadde þerof gret drede Tyl hit sesede & ouer ȝede. ¶ Gargustius Rex. After þe kynges tyme Ryual, GargustiusGurgustius, P. and Wace. his sone had al; After þisþis, P. his sone, Lam. Cargustius, Regned his sone CYCYLLIUS;Rex & after þe kyng Cycilly, Was Lago kyng, his cosyn ney;kyng cosyn gurgusti.Rex After Lago was KynmarRimar, Wace, p. 102, l. 2184: Kinmarcus, Geoffrey. kyng,Rex Cysillies sone, & had þe þynge. After Kynmare regned þan Hys sone, þat highte Garbodian.Gorbodian (Gorbodiabo, Wace.)Rex GarbodyanGorbodian (Gorbodiabo, Wace.) had two sones, fful enemys, þat ȝit menof. mones; Þe eldest he hight sire fferreus, Þat oþer men calde Porreus; Might þer neuere pes be þeym bytwene In non acord, bot euere tene. Þe whiletowhils. þer fader was on lyue, ffor þe royalme gon þey to stryue; 2Al þus þey ferde wiþ gret enuye, Whilk scholde haue þe seignurie.22-2 not in P. Porrex was ȝongest,eldest (wrongly; see line 2642.) & most felon, His þought was ay vpon treson Where-þorow he moughteþer þorh he thouht. his broþer slo. Þat oþer herd þat, dide hym to goEn France oltre mer s'enfui. Wace, p. 103. fforþ in to ffraunce, for doute of gyle. Þe king Syward he serued a while, & gadered þer goda. party; Wiþ schipes com ouer baldely, & til his broþer gaf bataille, And deyde sone, hit myght nought vaille, Bot at þe firste was he slayn, & al his folk, knyght & swayn. Iudon, þerhis. (Luclon lor mere, Wace: Widen, Geoffrey.) moder, herde wel how Þat þe ton þat oþe[r]þe toþer. slow; Scheo louede mykel þe slayn broþer, & dedlykdedely. hated sche þat oþer; ffor als vnkyndely as þey wrought, Þerfore vnkyndenessean vnkynes. sche þought. A nyght hure sone to bedde was gon, On hym com his moder Iudon; Ilk of hure maydones, a knyf she bar, Porrex þrote a two sche schar, And on peces hym al to-hewe;MS. alto hewe. P. better, all to hewe. Swylk a vengaunce noman knewe: Longe was spoken of þismen spak of þat. chaunce, Of IudonLuclon, Wace, p. 104. & of hure vengaunce. ¶ When þyse breþer þus werre bygon,were gon. Eyr of blod was þer non Þat oughte hauemyght haf. þe heritage, Was þer non left of ryght lynage; Bot to ffyue kynges þey leftetill fyue kynges. þe lond, Þat fourty wynter þe werre fond; Ilk of þem þat most was of myght,mast myght. Bynam þat oþer of his right;þe powere of his myght. Mesure ne lawe, ne held no man, Bot whoso myghte, of oþer wan; Þat rycchest were, most bar þem stout, In loue ne in laweIn lawe ne luf. wold non of hem lout. ¶ Diuisio regni. Þat tyme in Scotlond regned Stater; In Logers was þe kyng Pyncer;Piguer, Wace, l. 2250, p. 105. Rudak was kyng of Walsche men; & Cornewaille had þe duk Cloten. Cloten of kynde was next of alle To wham þe heritage sholde falle; Bot for þe oþer were most of myght, Þey gaf nought of al his ryght. Þys duk Cloten hadde a child, A doughti bacheler & a wyld; Þat tyme was he man most worþy, & ffayr waxen, & wel an hey; " Donwal doughti"Donvalomolinus, Wace; Done|walmolus, MS. du Roi, 75153.3, Colb. ib. Dunwallo Molmutius, Geof|frey. was his name, Of curtesey had he þe fame, Ouer þeym alle passed his power; ffor first he slow þe kyng Pyncer, & seysed þe lond til his byhoue. Vpon Stater ȝit wolde he proue; Wyþ force of armes he gan to ride, Stater & Rudak he þought to byde. Rudak & Stater herde soson. seye, Þey swore to-gydere on hym to deye. ¶ Respice Donwalem Conquestorem. Ageyn Donwal þey broughte þer host, In to halues,tuo parties. by diuerse cost; Rudak of Walys had þat oþe to. syde; Toward þe northe Stater gan ride; Þey brente & slowe, nought wolde þey spare, Of castel & toun þey made bare. DonwalDonvale, Wace. herde his lond þey wasted, He dighte his host, & to þem hasted; He mette wiþ hem, and dide hem stande,— Þey were in feld þritty þousande; Gret noise at her samny[n]g was,P. omits these lines. Wiþ trompe & taber, & horn of bras,P. omits these lines. & grete strokes, & sore sette, Wer gyuen when þey to-gedere mette, Helm þorow smyten, & many a scheld,P. omits these lines. Many a knyght was feld in feld,P. omits these lines. Of many hauberks was hewen þe maille.P. omits these lines. Longe þey stode, & gaf bataille;P. omits these lines. Non wyste ho scholde hauewist who suld haf. þe maystri, Þe parties were boþe so doughti. Donewal was werreour god, Hym ouerþoughteforþouht. þey so wel stod; Sex hundred of hyse he coledeweled he. (Cole, cull, L. colligere; wele, Old Icel. velga; O. H. Germ. wellen, choose: Stratmann.) out Þat proued were, hardy & stout; He dide þer armes al doun leye Pryuely biside þe weye, & armed þem on alle manere Als here enemis armes were, Þer scheldes toke, helm & gleyue, Þeyr enemyes forto deseyue. Þey diden alle at his auys, & toke þe armes of þere enemisof armes of his. Þat leyen dede, wyþ here& all þer. queyntise, & dight hem on her enemys wyse. Donewal saide, "comes alle wyþ me, " & þider as y go, so scholsall. ȝe." Þey ȝede spiande her & þer In what bataille þe kynges wer; When þay wyste alle at ones, Trauersed þem for þe nones Als þey had ben ofon. þeyr party, & syde by side ryden hym by;þam bie. Þe kynges to þem gaue no tent, Bot forþ in here bataille went. " Haue at!" seyd Donwal, "now ys leyser!"Puis s'escria: férés, férés [strike]. Wace, p. 107. & seysede Rudak & Stater, & boþe at ones þeym lyghtly slow, & of þat pres þem smartly drow, & caste þer armes of, þe vnknowen,vnknawen . . . . . awen. And armede hem eft wyþ here owen. When þey hadde þer armes nomen, And to þer host ageyn were comen, ffaste þey fullen opo þemfolowed on þam. alle, Þat sone þer force gan doun falle; Þat oþer side stod noughtstoute (bad reading). in stour, ffor þey had losttynt. þer gouernour; Þey fledde to wode & to mountaynes, ffor slayn were þeyr cheuentaynes. Whan Donewal hadde þe maistrie, Hys pes he dide hit sette & crye, Þat so god pes was neuere or, Ne þerafter schal namor.neuer more. A coroune of gold he dyde hym make, Swylk on neuere for kynges sake Was in Bretaigne wrought byforn, Ne on kynges heued set ne born. He stabled swylk pes & gryth, & wyþ his sel confermedconfermed it. wyþ, Þat ylka temple & ilk cite Schold haue & holdesuld haf & hald. þys dignite, Þat ȝif a man had don trespas, Robbed, or slayn, or oþer cas, ȝyf he tyl a temple cam Er men hym wiþ handes nam,MS. nan. Or to a cite go þan his weye, Non yuel scholde men til hym eft seye;of ill suld no man to him say. & also to hem þatto þat (qui as carues, Wace). at plowes ȝede, ȝyf any man dede hem yuel dede,did ille dede.— Oþer tilor to. market ȝyf on schold go, ȝyf men dide hem any wo, Hit was teldtold. for felonye, & worþy waswere. þer-fore to deye. ffourty wynter was he kyng; At London he made his endyng; A temple þere dide he make ffor þe pes & concordes sake; In þat temple mad for þat pes Was he leyd, & þere he ches. Of hym were two noble sones, Als þe story of þem mones: Belyn þe eldest, þat oþer Brenne; Donewal þer fader, God y bykenne. ¶ Diuisio Regni inter Belynum & Brennum. Belyn and Brenne parted þe lond On þys manere, als y hit fond: Brenne schold of Belyn holde His lond, fro Humber northward he tolde; Ilk del in-tyl Katenesse Belyn lete brenne of him holde fro humber north his lond he tolde Ilk a dele vnto Cathenesse. Held Brenne of Belyn, more ne lesse; Seruise schold he do þer fore, He & hyse for euere more. Belyn held til his partie, Logers,Londres, Wace. Wales, & Cornubye. So þey helden hitheld it. fyue ȝer In pes & in faire maner; Bot contek & couetyse Out of þe north wyl alweywill algate. ryse, ffor þus men seide by eldebe olde. dawe, & ȝit hit ys a comun sawe: " Souþernesothron. der gos Northward, " & Norþernenorthren. werre to þe south ys hard; " Bot norþernsothron. der & souþernnorthren. werre, " Non dredeþ, oþer þey come nought nerre; " Bot norþerne [werre]northern were. þat ys þe doute, " & southernsouhren. der þe norþ dos loute." In Brennes tyme, als ȝe may here, Hit ferde in þys ilke manere; Abouten Brenne were lozengeours, Bakbiteres & werreours: On was þer þat ful euele spak To whette Brenne to reyse contak; One þer was þat wikly spake bituex þe breþer raised contake. Þus he spak al wiþ tresoun:— Y gyue swychegyf suylk. Crystes malisoun!— ¶ Respice verba detractorys. " We haue merueille in oure þought— " Bot non to þe dar sey ryght nought— " Þat of so gret an heritage, " Þat long & brod ys in passage, " Þat þy fader hadde in his baillye, " & hast þerof so litel partie! " And ȝit, als litel as þow has, " Þou schaltsall. hym serue at alle cas! " Wiltow holde longewill þou hald. þat wyse, " To serue þy broþer in alle seruise? " Artow þral or bastard, " Or more vyl or more coward,cuhard. " Þat þou schaltsall. do hym þer-fore homage, " & art of þe same parage? " Þe ffader hym gat, he gat þe, " & of o moder born arer. ȝe. " Sythen ȝe boþe breþere are, " & of o ffader & moder ware, " Wherfore has Belyn, & why, " Of þe & þyne swych seygnury?suylk sengnori. " Brest a two þat ilkeBrist it þat þou with þe. bond, " Do hym no seruise for þy lond! " ffor no lord holdeþffor lord ne holdes. þe, Belyn, " Namore schaltow holdeno more sall þou hald. hym for þyn. " Trowe til vs & oure consayl! " To þy worschipe hit wole auayl! " To non of þy vasselage " Ne seye we neuere do suche outrage! " Þorow whaswhos. queyntyse, & þorow whaswhos. art, " Ches Belyn hym þe beste part? " Þer falles non oþer chesyng to; " Bot most schal haue, þat mostMast sall haf þat mast. may do. " More artow worth, & more hardy! " Þat haue we sen fol certeynly " When þou slowe þe Duk CenfloCésio . . . . Moriane, Wace. " Þat al Morine langedelonged. to, " Þat al Scotland wolde haue wasted; " Þy doughtinesse to deþe hym hasted. " I trowe of þys þou þoughte byforn, " Bot priuely þou hast hit boren, " Þat we ne scholde myngesuld nempe it. for drede. " Now [we] rede, þowwe þe. do hit in dede, " And fortofond to. wynne hit ilkadel. " Doute þe nought, þou may ful wel, " ffor we ne schullesall. þe neuere faille, " Þe while we lyue & mowevntill we lyf & may. trauaylle, " ȝyf þou ne trowesttrowe. þat we þe seye, " Do þe ouer vntil Norweye, " And þe kynges doughter þou take; " Þy party may þou þe bettere make. " Haue þou Norweye & Scotland, " & vs alle vnto þyn hand; " Agaynes no land schuldestow wende,suld þou wend. " Þat þou ne gete þe fairere ende; " Ne Belyn durste þe noughtneuer. abide " ȝyf þou ageyn hym woldestwille. ride. " ȝyf þou haue y-þoughtþouht. make þy bone, " Go by tyme, & come right sone, " Al by þe syde of Myrreyue, " Þat Belyn no þyng aparseyue. " Perauenture he wolde hym greue " ȝyf þou wyf toke wyþoute leue, " Or oþer wyse men woldwald. hym seye " Þat þou haddesthad. of hym non eye." On þis wyse conseilled þey hym so, & Brenne tristedtriste. þer conceille to: He passed in Norweye, he gan aryue,passed ouer in Norway gan ryue. & asked þe kynges doughter to wyue. Þe kynges name was Alfynges, He graunted Brenne al his askynges, Holykholy. Bretaygne for to wynne, When he wolde his werre bygynne. Often tydyng to Belyn was brought, Whider Brenne ȝede, & what he sought; Belyn had þanne suspecion Þat for felonye was hit don, & þoughte he scholdesuld. wyþynne a whyle His owen deseite hym self bygile: He seyde, "on stelþe he sekes hym pray; " Hit schal nought helpe, ȝyf þat y may; " Ne schal nought Brenne bede me trypettreget (from trans and jactare). " Þat y ne schal turne hym wiþ a forset." Belyn seysede Northhumberland, Boþe castel & toun tok in-to his hand; Alle þat were Brennes byforn, ffor werre he storedestroyed. þem wyþ corn, & folk ynow to þeym dide sende,to þam he send. Agaynes Brenne þem forto defende. Hym seluen ȝede wiþ an ost, & rengede by þe seseis. cost; Hauen to aryueHauen & lond. þey hym wyþsette, Bot þorow bataille oþer barette. ¶ Tyl Brenne men broughte brodbroth (1. hasty, fierce; 2. direful). tydyng Þat Belyn had sesed his þyng/. He hadde his wyf, & was al ȝare Wyþ fair folk in flod to fare. Lyþerly lyked þat lady gent; Sche wepedescho wepe. weddyng, & mykel hit ment, ffor scheo had loued longe byfore Þe kyng of Denmark, er Bren com þore;or brenne com þore. & þe kyng had loued hyre, Longe scheo was of his desire. Þe kyng of Denmark highte Goodlak,Gutlake (Gurlac, Wace). Scheo sent hym a lettre þat þus spak/: " Longe haue y loued þe kyng of Denmark/; " Þat loue is loken & leyd in ark; " An vncouþ on of fer schal fongeMS. fonde. P. has sall fong. " Þy loue þat þou hast loued so longe; " & bot þou come, rescours to make, " Neuere in armes schalt þousall. me take." Whan Goodlak wyste, his herte ganwas. drede Þat Brenne a-wey his lef scholdwyf suld. lede. He dide samne al his flet, & Brenne & he in se þeysee gan. met. When boþe fflutes come at a frosche,at frusse. Þe fyrste hortlynghurtyng. gaf a gret crusche; Ende til ende, syde byto. side; Þe heyest of bord, best felburde best fell. his tyde. ffaste þey foughte boþe fflutes, Persed schipes wiþ arblast schutes; Wyþ ax & swerd ilk oþer on hew, In to þe water ouer bord þey þrew; On boþe parties were þey goode, Bote þe Daneys best þey stode, Speres & darts þykke þay schote, & persed þorow-out Brennes fflote. Brenne fledde, als& was. desconfit, & Goodlak seysede a schip fol tyt. As auenture fel, þat schip he wan Þat scheo was inne, Brennes lemman. Whan he hadde wonnenwon. þat he sought, Of al þat oþer gaf he nought; & Brenne fledde wiþ sayl & ore; His wyf he les, þat playned he sore. When Goodlak hadde þat may in hande, He ȝerned faste to þe lande. Als he seyled his lond toward, List of a chaunce þat hym fel hard: In þe se a storm hymit. grew, Þe water rored, þe wynd vp blew, Þundred, reyned, lemedleuende. lyght, Þe sky wax blak as hit were nyght[MS. myght.]; Þe se gan fighte, þe wawes ros, Þe streme woxe, & þem agros;stremes wex & þam at gros. Þeir schipes alle in peril were, Ropes, borde, broste ay where; Mast & sayl, doun hit lusched,lussed. Cordes, kables, casteles, tofrusched:kastels frussed.— To knowe þer names y am al wyl, Al þat þer was was in peryl.— Þer fflute sone was al to-spred, & into diuerse londes fled; ffyue daye atte þe leste Lasted thenne þatþan þat grete. tempeste. Gutlak had þre schipes, && no (cinq nes, Wace, p. 120). mo, Wiþ hem he skaped in peyne & wo, & aryued vp in þys londe, & fayn he was þat hap he fonde, Bot for þe loue of his lemman Þat in þe tempest wax al wan; He ne wyste what lond ne port He was aryued, for mys-confort; Bot þo þat kepte þe se side, & seye þe schipes til haue[n] glyde,to hauen ride. Godlak þey toke, wyþ þat mayþei toke Gutlak þat may so. gent; Tyl Belyn of hem þey made present; & alle hyse men wyþ hym þey tok, & Belyn dede þem alle to lok, ȝyf he wayted,For waited. what tyme or whenne, Þat he myght here tydyng of Brenne. Þo þat were take wyþ þe mayden, Vnto Belyn þe soþe sayden, Ilka del how Brenne had wrought, & þe kyng of Norwey sought, & how þat Godlak had hym met Vpon þe se wyþ strong baret. ¶ De applicacione Brenne, & de bello inter fratres. Brenne wolde nought longe abide, His fflute he gadered on ilka side, Aryued vp in Albanye Wyþ gret force of god& gode. nauye; He sente to Belyn messegers, Of worthyMen of gode. knyghtes & squiers, PreyngePraied him. forto deliuere his wyf & his casteles, & bate alle st[r]yf; And bot he wolde ȝelde þeym on haste, More of his he wolde waste. Belyn gaf nought of his manace, Bot þoughte he scholde ȝit donsuld ȝit. him chace, & sent hym bode by his men bolde, " Þat he had taken, þat wolde he holde; " ffor his praieresprayng. noþyng wolde do, " Ne for his loue namore þan so." Hys folk were al redy &folk redied & all. dight Agaynes Brenne for to fyght: Bysyde a wode athate. Kalenters Mette þe breþere wyþ here baners; Eyþer oþer mykel þeyþe tone þe toþer mykell. hated, Þe felonlokerFersliere. þey hem abated; Dartes til oþer þey schotte ful faste, Grete stones wyþ slynges caste, Scharpe launces þorow scheldes smot, & brighte swerdes þorow helmes bot; SoneSom. by nekkes þey sesede sore Wyþ knyues smyten to deþsmyte togidere. ay-whore, Þorow heued & þrote, breste & bak, ffruschte to-gidere, þat nekkes brak/. Þe Bretons bolded styfly to stande, & nought þe norþerne, bot were fleande;þe norþeren nouhted ay fleand. To flyghtflote. þey fledde, ilk bataille seer, & Belyn folewede, & neyghed hem ner; Two þousand fleyng he þer slow,Thousandz hundrethes fleand he slough. Als þey vntil þer schipes drow. Brenne, þat made most þat wo, Wyþ peyne he skaped þe slaughtre fro; Vneþes he skaped, þevneþis a schip in hauen. hauene he hent; His twelftetuelf. & he, to se þey went; Alle he les bote þo twelue, To ffraunce he wente wyþ hem hym selue. ffyftene þousand slayn were told,MS. cold. P. were þor told. Wyþoute prisoners þat were in hold.of men slayn without in hold. Whan al þis wo was brought til ende, & Brenne in-til ffraunce gan wende,lende. Belyn vntil ȝork he went, & þere he held his parlement. He askede his barons, and spak, " What scholde be don of sire Guthlak?" Gutlak byforn sent to Belyn,sent Belyn. Out of prison þer he laywas. yn, " Þat of Belyn he woldewild he. holde " Al his honur, ȝif þat he wolde, " Denmark his lond, quyt & cler, " And gyuengyf. hym truwage ilka ȝer; " Syker þerof he wolde hym make, " Wyþ bond,treuh. & god ostage to take; " Wyþywith þi (with that, so that). he myghte lede safly " His lemman, wyþouten vyleny." Belyn had fol gret desyr To haue truwage of his enpir. Þorough leue of þe parlement, Gutlak & his lemman went, When he had sworn & don omage, & bondes mad,Whan had don his homage othe suorn. & gyuen hostage, To Belyn to halde þer couenaunt,conant. fforto wende he hadde þe graunt. Gutlak, to go, sone he was ȝare, Wyþ schip vntil his lond to fare.Manning should have translated Wace's Sa mie en a à soi menée, Quc par sa paine acatée. i. 125, l. 2643-4. Belyn held wel þenne his honour, & wysly was god governour; He louede pes wyþ alpes at. hys myght, & pesyble men held he to ryght. Hys lond Bretayne he wentȝode. þorow-out, & ilka countre biheld about; Byheld þe wodes, watres, & fen, & no passage fond he madno passage was maked. for men, Ne heye strete þorow no contre, Neyþer to burgh ne to cyte. Þorow myres, hylles, & vales, He made brugges & causes,cauceiz. Heye stretes for comun passage, Brugges ouer watres dide he stage: Þe firste he made, he cald hyt "ffosse;" Þorow-out þys londe hit goþ til Scosse; Hit bygynnes atte Toteneys, & endeþ þenne at Cateneys.endes vnto catheneis. An oþer strete þan ordeyned he: ffro Souþ-haumpton oponat Southampton vpon. þe se, To Mene yn Walys, (Seint Dauies now hight,) Ikenyldestrete reches ful ryght: & gos to Weles to seynt dauy þe toun hight Menne þat tyme redy. Two causes ouer þe lond in lengþe & brede,tuo kaucez ouer þe lond o brede. Þat men ouerthwert in passage ȝede. When þey were maked als he ches, He comaunded till alle haue pees; Alle schold hauesuld haf. pees & fredam Þat in his stretes ȝede or cam; & ȝyf hit were any of hyse Þat for-dyde his ffraunchise, fforfeted schold ben al his þyng, & hym selfHis body. taken til þe kyng. Brenne þat was gon in to ffraunce, Hym schamed sore of his chaunce Þat hitMS. his. P. has it. was so wyde yspred Þat his lemman was a-wey led. Hym self & his twelf felawes Serued þe kyng ȝeres & dawes; Knyght he was, curteys & wys, Oueral he hadde los & pris; What ony knyght hadde to þerWhan any knyght toke his. lyuere, His was largest, for he was fre; Mykel was he preysed of prowesse, & ful wel loued for his largesse; He couþe mykelcouth Inouh. of curtesy, & faire hym bar, as man worþy. When his los was þorow ronnen, & in þe lond his pris hadde wonnen, Wiþ wham he made any soiour, He preyed for help & for socour ffor to conquere his heritage, Þat Belyn reftymheld. wiþ outrage; &he. ȝede to Burgoyne, to Duk Segwyn, Bysought hym of help ageyns Belyn. Þe Duk louede his compaignie, & gaf hym of his tresorie. Brenne was yn speche curteys, & konnyngea konand knyght on. knyght by many weys; He couþe of chaswod. & of ryuere, Inow of game of heregamen on oþer. manere; Gentil of body, wyþ fair visage, He semed a man of hey parage, & was plesaunt & seruisable. Þe Duk was riche wyþoute fable, he was meke to serve and briche & þe duke was noble riche. & of his body had non heyr Bot a mayde ferly feyr. Inough sche hadde þat tyme of elde, Þat scheo myght take a lord to welde; He spak louely, wysly, & stille. & serued þe Duk at al his wylle, & wel hym payed alle his dedes, & oueral wel he spedde his nedes. Þe Duk his doughter gaf hym to wyue, To haue þe Duche after his lyue. Þen þoughte þe Duk, þat hym fel feir Þat God had sent hym suche on til heyr. saue þis he had þe speire þat god gaf him a son till heire. Brenne obeysed hym curteysly, & seide "Sire Duk, graunt mercy!" Al menþei. hym louede, & held hym dere, Ech man hym payed wel his& he þam paied on all. manere. ffel þanne wyþynne þe twelf-monþnot was it siþen a tuelmoth. ende, Swyche a grace God gan hym sende, Þat he deyde, þe Duk Segwyn. Of al þe Duche, Brenne tok seysyn; Hys barons þat louede hym wel byfore, After louede hym mykel more; Wel louede hym ilka Burgyloun, & knyghtes of þeyroþer. nacioun; He hadde þe lond wyþ al þelond Inouh &. rente, And a ȝong lady& ȝeng lemman. fair & gente. In al his welþeþis weth. forgat he nought How Belyn hadde wyþ hym wrought, & held þe londes þat his schold be; Bot whan he sey his tyme eyse, He sent for knyghtes & squiers, ffrendes he soughte, & wagedhired. souders; Wyþ gret ost cam til Normandie, & purueyde þer a gret nauye. Whan hit washe sawe. tyme, had wynd at wille He passed þe se wyþouten ylle. Belyn herde wel þat he cam; Wyþ folk ynogh ageyns hym nam; Þer bataylles assembled wyþynne a lite, & redy were almost to fyghte. ¶ De Humilitate Tonewenne, matris Belyni & Brenni. So com þeyr moder, dame Tonewenne, Þat bar boþe Belyn & Brenne, Bytwyxt þer hostes, tremblyngtrembland . . . . . haltand. for drede; ffol old scheo was, haltyng scheo ȝede; Ouer al scheo asked where was Brenne. Atte þe laste, men gan hure kenne; & Brenne herd seye þat hit was sche; He saide "Moder, welcome be ȝe!" Hure armes aboute his nekke schehals [neck] scho. cast,— Boþe ostes wondred þer-ateþe ostes biheld þam. fast,— Vntil hure girdel hure cloþes sche rent; Naked byfore þe host sche went; Ses mamèles li mostra nues, Flestres, et vielles, et pelues. Wace, i. 132, l. 2769-70. Vntil Brenne gretyngegretand. sche spak, Hur fyngres sche wrast, þe blod out brak, Sche tremblede & sykede inderly,sighed inerly. Handes & face bresthandes face breste. al blody:Mistaken translation of Wace's "Car ele soglotoit [sobbed] forment," i. 132. l. 2773. " Dere child!" scheo seid,Dere son. "wher hastow ben? " Now þanky God y haue þe sen! " Sone," sche seide, "list now to me, " & do als y schal conceille þe. " Lo, here þe pappes þat þou on sok! " Þyse armes hit arnarmes ere. þat þe bylok! " Here ys þe wombe ȝe boþe ynne ware! " Þys body ȝow bar wiþ wo & kare! " Y am sche þat for ȝow kneled! " Now þenk o þat sorwe þat y þenne feled! " Ley nowSchew. no sorewe me more byforn, " ffor hym þat let ȝow of me be born! " Ley doun þyn armes, me forto saue! " Wylle nought þat y for þe deþdede. haue! " Þou mysdost, þat þou now fandesfondes. " To brynge straungers of outlandesaliens of vnkouth londes. " Vs forto robben & tovs forto. slo! " Rest þe! let þy mod ouer go!þin owen demeyns to wirke wo. " Þou hast namo breþere in wold; " Þy fader ys ded,dede is þi fadere. þy moder ys old; " Suffre, for no þyng in lyue, " Þy pore frendes a-way to dryue! " Þou scholdest vs presente & gyue, " & helpe vs alle in pes to lyue; " Bot now þou comest to reue vs our [socour],socoure. " Þat scholdest ben oure mayntenour. " Lef folye! & y vndertake,do þis foly now to slake. " ȝyf þou on hym wilt pleynte make, " And y fynde he haue þe gylt, " He schal amenden right als þou wilt; " Bot ȝyf þou seist he dide þe fle, " I seye nay; witnesse on þe!þe wrong is in þe. " ffyrst þou bygonne al yn wrong; " So al þe folye ys on þe longe, " Þe firste folye & yuelein alle. dedes. " When þou intil Norwey ȝedes, " Wyf to take, wyþouten leue,his leue. " Þat schewede þou mentest hym toþou wild him. greue, " & broughtest Norn men hym tasaille:brouht þe north him to assaile. " Þerfore þou lostest þyþou sped nouht at þat. bataille; " Þy blame ys now ȝyt fol grym, " Þat swichesuylk. . . . . . bringes. an host bryngest on hym " & schapestþat is till. oure desherytysoun, " & þys londes& to þi lond. destruccioun! " So mykel yuel wold he nought þe,ill wild he not þe. " Al-þey his power so mykelif his powere so wele. myght be. " Brenne, sone! what þenkest þou? " Com til acord now for þy prow! " Ley doun þy swerd, do wey þy scheld, " Wyþdraw þy folk out of þe feld; " & sek þe pes, for& seke pe pour. charite! " Þe same schal he do to þe." Brenne hure preyere vnderstod; ffor loue of hure changed his mod; His helm, his hauberk, he dide vnlace; Al bar-heued, wyþ open face, Cam he wiþ his moder Tonewenne, & also dideþe same did. Belyn to Brenne: Þeyr moder dide hem to-gedere kysse. ffor þat saughtlyng was mykel blisse; More of wrath was þer nought spoken; fforwith. loue in armes ilk oþer þey loken. Al þus þen endedþusgate endid. þe breþere wrathe, Þer tene turned to game & glathe. ffro þeþenþien. to Londone þey went, & þer þey helde a parlement; Of þeyr parlement was þe ende, To wynne ffraunce wolde þey wende. Belyn dide somone his Bretons, & Brenne haþP. omits haþ. alle his Burgylons. By tyme & terme þat þey had set, Boþe ostes atte hauene met, & schiped ouer into ffraunce; To wynne hit, þey hoped was her chaunce.þe lond to wyn awnterd þer chance. By-twyxt hem was þen a batille don: Þe force of ffraunce fel ful son, Þey durede nought to fighte in feld; Þe breþere dide hem to þeym ȝeld; Casteles þey sesede fer & ner, & wonne alle ffrauncewan þam all. wyþynne a ȝer. When al þe folk were atterwas at þer. dome, Þey seide þey wolde wende to Rome, And leue non þat þey fond, Bot ȝyf þey helde of þeym þer lond. Þey sente aboute to diuerse costes, Of doughti folk þey gadered hostes ffor to wynne pris & prow; Þey passed þe Mountaynes of Moungow;Mon Giu, Wace. "Mons Jovis, " montagne qui separe la Savoie de " l'Italie: le grand Saint-Bernard." De Lincy's Wace, i. 138. Taurynus þey toke, & Iuerye, & alle þe Cytes of Lombardye, Vrceles, Pauye, & Tremoygne, Vécialz . . Crémone. Wace, i. 188. Melan, Plesence, & grete Boloyne; Þey passed þe water of Tauron, & þe hul of Mount Bardon; þey robbed þorow al Tuskane, & al ouer rod, & þorow ran. Als þey ryfledrobbed. landes ay whore, Rome þey neighed ay þe more. Romayns dredden hem for to deye, ffor þo tydynges þat þey herd seye; Al day of passande men þey herd, Þe two breþere wonnen al þe werd. Þey of Rome had chosen þat ȝer Two noble men of gret power, Þat þey scholde, when þey had nede, Þer folk vntil bataille lede, & saue þer landes, holde þem to ryght, ffor doughtiest þey were in fyght: Sire Procenna, þat on hight so, Þat oþer men calde sire Galbao;Gabao. Gabius, Wace, l. 2930. Þyse totuo. were þeyr conseillours, & speke vnto þe senatours " What þey wolde, how hadde þey tight, " Þeyr cite ȝelde, or stande to fyght." Þe Sene seide þey were affrayed, Non hem wyþstod, bot þorow alle strayed: " Wiþ swilk to fighte, we haue non host, " ffor þey han folk wyþ þe most; " & ȝyf we myghte oure pes haue, " Þorough mekenesse oure godegodes. saue, " & oure seluen at here pes lyue, " Gold & seluer we wolde þem gyue. " Ouer þat, þey schul haue truage, " To passe & do vs non vtrage; " ffor strong hit were for oure cite " To be destruyed, & al þe contre." In al þer drede, & al þer dome, Þe breþere come & bysegetseged. Rome. Þorow comun assent of þe senatours, Þey presentedpresent. þe breþere gret tresours; & to be in here auowery,þer auowri. Truage þey graunted hem for þy. Þe breþere tok of þem hostage; Twenty childre of þe beste lynage & of þe richest of al þe toun, Þey presentedpresent. hem as for raunson: Þus was þe pes bytwixt hem graunted, Bot lytel þrowewhile. þey hit haunted. Belyn & Brenne remuedremoued. þer host, By Lombardye þey wente þe cost, To werren opon þe Alemauntz,The m has 4 strokes in the MS. & take truage of þe remenauntz.heue trewage at Remanans. Þey were letted by þedestorbled þorgh. Romayns, Þat couenaunt breke; rise þeym a-geyns; & proue þey wolde þeir hardinesse, And seide þey wolde do more pruesse. Þey send for knyghtes oueral aboute, & gaderetMS. gaderest. P. reads gadred. ost gret & stoute, Wel armed in ilke a conreye;armed were in all conrey. After þe breþere þey tok þeir weye; On þem þey þowte to smyte al fresse, Ithe Mountaingnes to holdem at destresse,hald þam at stresse. Þat non of hem scholde namore come Of þo breþere eft? MS. est. oste, P. to Rome. Þey sente messages on þer partye, In to Alemayne,vnto þe almayns. þe breþere to spie, Þat ilka pas þey scholdesuld. so wayte, Ithe Mountz holden hem so straite, ȝyf þey scholdsuld. passe on eyþer syde, Wyþ force þey scholdsuld. hem ouer ryde. Al þus on ilk a side þey ros, To haue þe breþere host in clos; & atter passyng in to þe mount, Þe Alemauntz scholdsuld. ben in þer frount; Þorow force of þer god ordynaunce, Þey scholdsuld. nought passe þorowbe. no chaunce. When Belyn perseyued þe ffelonye, Þey conseilled on þer partie Þat Brenne scholdesuld. turne a-gayn To wyþstande þe host Romayn, And Belyn scholdesuld. on his side Agayns þe host of Alemauntz ryde; & whilk of þem best myghte spede, Scholdsuld. turne & helpe þe toþer at nede. When Romayns wyste Bren scholdsuld. come, Þey toke þe weygate. agayn to Rome, Þat Brenne scholdsuld. neighe Rome no ner, & þe breþere a sondre fer. Þorow a spye Belyn herde seye, & taughte Brenne a geyner weye; To trauersen hem al ouer þere score, & passe þe Romayns wel byfore. Þey chose gyours þe contre knew, To lede þem wye trist & trew, & brynge þem wel to þat strete Þer þeym byhoued Romayns mete. Þey iourneyedIoneyd. boþe dayes & nyght Al so stille as þey myght, Wyþoute noise, cry, or how,noyse or any crie. Vntil þe entre of Moungow. & when þey were in þe valeye, Þer ledere seide, "þys ys þeir weye! " By þys þey come, hit is certeyn; " Oþer wey haue þey non ageyn."non oþer may þei gayne. To þat passage þey come at nyght; Þe mone schon fulschane. faire & bright; Brenne bad þem ber ham [al] pryue, Wiþ-oute noyse, til tyme scholdto tyme. be. Sone after cam þe Romaynes route; Of non þey hadde drede ne doute. By þe mone þat so lyght schon,þat bright schone. Þey spedde hem faste swythe to gon. Atte passage glyfte þey þer eyene;þei glift Ine. Agayns þe mone sawe þey schyne Helmes, hauberkes, scheldes vp-lyfte. Þenne were þe Romayns al a-glyfte:oglift. Þe Bretons hadde þe Romay[n]s byden; Al so swyþe þey to þem ryden; Brenne þem boldede, bad þem wel smyte,MS. snyte. " ffelleþ ȝour fos þat wolde ȝou byte!" Oueral þe Bretons þeymþe bretons ouer all halfe þam. assailled; Þe Romayns route fel & failled; Þey nadde no tome for to fle, Ne place to huyden hemne to tapise in stede. priue. Þe Bretons bowaylled þeym,bouweld þam. & hew; In buskes, bankes, doun þeym þrew; Þe slaughtre lasted al þat nyght, Til hit sprang þe dayes lyght; & al þat day afterward, Vntil þe nyght, was bataille hard. Þe nyght departed þem o sunder: Þat any askaped, hit was a wonder. Þat oþer day in þe morwen tyde, Toward Brenne, Belyn gan ryde;— ffer from his broþer wold he noughtne wild he. go, What chaunce so bytidde of mo;— & Brenne þat byfore nam, Abod [þer] vntil Belyn cam. When þey were to-gyder comen, Boþe vntil Rome nomen, & bysegedMS. byseded. P. biseged. hit aboute,— & þey of Rome were ful stoute,— On alle sides þey sette engyns, Als Brenne ordeyned,at brenne ordenance. & belyns. Mynours þey hadde ynowe, & sleye, Þe wal to percehole. & vndermye. Þo wyþynne deffended hem wel, At þat tyme lostey noughtles not. a del; Wyþ arblastes schoten quarels vnryde, Inow men broughte, & leide by syde; Wyþ grete stones þey hem affrayed. Þe Romayns were nought desmayed, Þey launced darte, bowes drowe, ffele þey felde, & manye slowe. Þe breþere leften þer assaut al, & persed no þyng of þe wal. Longe lastede þat ilk distaunce, To þe breþere gret noyaunce; Galewes dide þe breþere renge; Of þer blod þey wol þeym venge; Þe galewes þey reysed vp ful heye,— Þe Romayns wel myght hem se wyþ eye,— & hongeden allehanged ilkon. þer hostagers, Burgeyses sones, lordes peres. Þat kynde, y trowe, had sorewe & wo, To schames deþ þat saw hem go. ¶ De Subuersione fratrum. Alle olykeonly. þer fore were wroþ, & alle seide, & swore þer oþ, In pes ne schold þey passe quyt, Bot þey wer wrokenvenged. on þat despit. On þyse men tristed þe Romayns þo, On Prosenna & on sire Gabao, ffor þyse wer gon to Lumbardye To procure Rome more partye. After þeynþam. abyden þe Romayns; A day to come þey sette certayns; Þat day was ner of þer comyng, Þe Romayns þat day mad þer samnyng,samenyng. & ber hem ful egrely& were right full egre. & stout; Þey armede hem, & issedenissued. out, & oþe breþere faste þey sought, & þey ageyn ne spared hem nought. Als þey foughten best in stour, Com her chefteyns wyþ morecom þe tuo men with all þer. socour; Oþe breþere þey fullen alle on a res:Vpon þe breþer & ilkon fresse. Þan were þey boþe in hard destres;þe breþer in hard stresse. Þe Romayns vpon þe oþer partz, Þat oþer side, Poyles & Lombartz, & feldefellid. fele of þe Burgoylons, & calde þem "cowardz! hore sons! " We scholsall. ȝow do drynke ȝour owen blod, " & spare oure water of Tyberin þe. flod! " On þys half Moungow, what do ȝe, " Vs to chalange of vur fe? " & þat ȝe henge our children heye, " Þat vilenye ȝe schullesall. abye! " To ȝow was hit an yuelit was a wikke. conseil; " Þat schul ȝe fele toȝe sall se full. wroþer hayl." Wiþ suche vmbreides þey hemsuylk vpbraid þei þam. missayde, & grete strokes vpon þeym leyde; ObakMS. Olak. P. obak. a-geyn [þey] dide þem go, & dide þem braye & crye for wo. Belyn & Brenne were al dysmayed Þat þe Romayns so þem affrayed; Þe Bretons sawe þer syde ȝede lowe, Þey rempederunethed or rimethed. þem to reste a þrowe; In þer restyng þey gan hem mene, A parlement made þem bitwene, & gadered þer folk a-geyn to fyght, Armed hem newe, & renged hem right, In sere batailles set þeym a sondres, Boþe by þousands & by hundreds. Of þe hardiest & defensables, Made þey Mayster& þer maistres &. ont fait maistres et. Wace, i.150, l. 3168. Conestables, & bad hem in þer bataille holde, Þat non fro oþer schold flitte ne folde. 9[beside were set to þer socoure, archers to maynten þam in stoure; þe alblasters on þe toþer side, ilkon for oþer better to bide. doun on fote þe moste gan light on fote þei renged þam to fight.]19-1 Lines 3503-8 are from the Petyt MS., translating Wace, lines 3174-8, vol. i., p. 150-1 of De Lincy's ed. P. has not lines, 3509-10. Þo þat were strong, hardy, & wyght, fformest þey were set to fyght; Þey bere þe launces vp and doun, On þe manere of a scheltroun;cheltroun. & non for wele ne for wo Ne scholde byforensuld forþer þan. oþer go, Ne go swyþer þan softea. paas, At ones to smyte, as comeþ þe cas;whan com a kas. en la grant presse, el tas [heap, mass]: Wace, i. 151, l. 3184. & non schold baldere þan oþer be, Ne noman [schold] fro oþer fle. When þey had set ilk a bataille, On what manere þey schold assaille, Trompe blewe, & greylesgreilles. ronge, On boþe parties þer bataillesto batale. sprong. On ilka side were strokes ynowe, Speres dide þemlances did þei. breste & bowe; After þe speres þat þeyMS. sey. set,after lances þat þei sette. Syþen wiþ swerd & knyf þey met; Ilk oþer on ran ilk oþer to styke; Vpon þe dede ȝede þe quyke. Al to telle hit, nought y ne can, Bot loren was þer many a man; Þe Bretons seye non oþer weye, Þey most wel fyghte, oþer elles deye;þer behoued þam lyue or deie. Oþer al to wynne, or al to lese, Þat on of þo byhoued hem chese. Þe best fyghters berbare. forth þe brest, Archers & arblasters þem next;neste. Þe Myle[ne]rs & þe CentaynesMilleners & centeners. ffolewed faste on þo Romaynes; Sire Galbao,Gabao. þer gouernour, He bated hym o þe Bretons stour; Bot slayn was sire Galbao,Gabao. Þat al þer trist was vnto; &þat. Prosenna was brought rightwas born. doun, On hem þe Bretons wonne þe toun; Prosenna þey tok a[l] quyk;all quike. Þey persed þe Romayns bataille þyk, & al þer force doun þey slow, & to þe cite faste þey drow. Þe toun might þey defende namore, Þe cheftayns were slayn þat þer wore; Þe breþere come vntil þe cite, & founde þer-inne richesse plente. Belyn gaf Brenne al þe empyre, And he was Enperour & sire; Þe folk of hym þey had gret doute, His fomen þorow force dide þem aloute,did he loute. [Long he regned EmperoureFrom the Petyt MS.] Þat neuere dirst Romayn stire in his stour.romeyn durst stir him stoure. Belyn to Bretayne þen gan turne, He wold no lengere þer soiourne; & when he com vntil þis lond, Þe olde cites þat he fond, He closed þem, & mad hem newe, Þe walles he reisede trist & trewe. In Walys he dide make a toun; Kaerusikkaerusk. he caldit on bretoun, ffor hit standeit standes. vpon Vsk, A water þat rennes by bank & busk; Siþen men caldit Kaer-legion: List now what was þe enchesoun.why þe encheson. Whylonwhilom. Romayns had þis lond In þer demeynes, in þer hond; Whan Romayns com for þer truage, At Kaerusykkaerusk. þey helde hostage, & þere þey made most dwellynge, ffor þer was gret ese of mikel þyng; At Kaerusykkaerusk. in Clamorkan,clamorgan. In wynter þey dwelt þer, ilkaman; & for þey had so longe þer hold, Kaer-legion þe name was told. Com after, men of diuerseCom diuers men of þer. language, Þat schortly to speken haue inschorte to speke haf. vsage, And schorted hit wyþ name & soun, And afterward kaldyt Carlyon;brak þe word to kaerlioun. Bot legion ys noumbre of folk þat wex, Sex þousand, sex hundred, sexti & sex; Þus many alwey fro Rome com,euer fro Rome cam. Þat ay for truwage to Carlyon nom.ay vnto kaerlion nam. Whan Belyn Carlion had set, Þe walles he reysed, & folk to fet; To Londone þenne tok he þe way, And þer he dwelled many a day. Þer dide he aMS. &. P. a. gate by-gynne, Ouer þe water, þer schipes come ynne; & ouer þat gate he made a tour, Þer-inne he held [ful] long soiour. He reysedraised. alle his fader lawes, & dide þem holde by his dawes; Dom he gaf wysly & right, Trowþ held he wel wiþat. al his myght. Mykel pleynte was in his tyme, On no mannes more may menof no man more may we. ryme; Longe he lyuede, longeþe lond. to welde, & faire he ended in his elde; ffor of þat gate þat Belyn aught, Of Belyn [þen] þe name hit laught; Longe men calditcalled. til now late, After Belyn, Belynes gate; Þorow schort langage, y tolde er how Byllyngesgate men calle hit now. ¶ Hic moriebatur nobilus Belynus. ¶ Whan he was ded, sire Belyn, Þe people for hym hadde sorwe & pyn; ffor manye a man fol sore gret Þat day þat he ys lyf for-let. Þey dide make for his honur A barel of gold of his tresour, & brente his body, flesche & bon, Iþe barel of gold þey leid ilkon; More worschip þem þought hit so, Þan his body in erthe to do. When þe barel was al dight, & wel y-burnuscht fair &barred all & burnessid. bryght, Vp yþe Tour þey made a stage, & heye it henge bifore& hang it befor. þe passage, Þat alle þat passed, more & lasse, Schold preysePraised. Belyn for his prowesse. ¶ Gurgoynt Rex. After Belyn, Gurgoint his sone Hadde þe heritage þorowbe. resone. Gurgoynt Beretruk, þus was his name; Of gret godnesse he bar þea man of gode þer of had. fame; Pes to loke, & ryght to holde, He lyknede his ffader, Belyn þe bolde. Þat Belyn left, he heldit wel; Noiaunce had he neuere a del, Bot þe Daneys,MS. Dameys. P. has danes. þey forsok To gyue truage þat Belyn tok. Gurgoynt þoughte he hadde ryght þer-ynne, His truwage he wolde al gate wynne; His host he gadered, & schipeshe gadred schippes. did come; Þey set vp sail, & forþ þey nome. To bataille þey samnde, boþe partys, Bot Gurgoynt wan þer sone þe pris;P. wrongly transposes this line and the one above it. Hym self yn bataille slow þe kynge, & tok homage of ilka lordynge; & his truwage dide restore, Als his fader had hit byfore. When he had take of hem ostage, Gurgoynt forþ went on his viage: He passed forþ by Orkeneye; Þritty schipes he mette in weye, Charged wyþ folkCharged full. & wyþ vitaille, Bot þey ne wyste whider to saille; Pantalius, þer maister hight, Þat mayntende hem, & held to ryght. Gurgoynt asked what men þey were, & what þey soughte, & why come þere. Pantalius spak ful curteysly. " We ar men of pes, sekyng auowery, " Wey-farende men þat wolde haue gryþ; " We aske þe leue to speke þe wyþ." Þe kyng ne wolde no pesPes wild nouht þe kyng. breke, Wyþ loue he gaf hem leue to speke. He saide, " We ar men of diuerse lynage, " Exiled of Spayne, comen by þys ryuage, " ȝyf þat we any stede fond, " On to reste, a certeyn lond. " ffor oþer half ȝera ȝere & half. An et demie, Wace i. 159, l. 3337. þus haue we went; " Hunger, þurst, cold, haþ vs schent; " Many a cost haue we þorow sought; " Lond on to lende, ne fond we nought; " & we ar alle onoyed þer fore, " ffor oure trauaille & grete lore. " Bot, lord, ȝyf hit were ȝour wylle, " Suffre vs to reste on þy londe stille! " Seruise þer fore we wole þe do; " Þy men bycome, ȝyf þou wilt so." Bot Gorgoynt wolde þem nought graunt Of his to haue a remenaunt; Nought for þy he gaf hem conseil Toward Irlond to sette þer sayl; & of his schipes he lente þem tweye, To techen hem þe ryghte weye.— ¶ Irlond þat tyme was bygged no þynge Wyþ houslondes. ne toun, ne man wonynge.— So longe þey sailled, þe se þorow ronne, Þat algate to Irlond þey wonne; Þey stryken sayl, & anker cast, Vp to lande þey ȝede ryght fast; Al þey founde wastall fond þei wildernes. & wylde. Þey spredde hem aboute in ilkan ylde; Sone þey maden eryedmad ardawe. feld, Þey logged hem, & tymbertimbred. teld; Þer folk wax faste, & fostred more, & tyled þe lond aboute ay whore. ¶ Pantalyus primus Rex Hibernie. Pantalius, þey maden hym kyng; In Irlond þen made heireland mad he. first wonyng. When Gurgoynt had þem þider ysent, Hom vntil his lond he went; Þritty ȝer in þys lyf gan lende; At Kerlyoun he made hys ende. ¶ Gwyntelyn Rex, cuius vxor Marciena Sapiens fuit. Whan Gurgoynt hadde don his fyn, Regnedafter him com. his sone Gwyntelyn; A god man was for þe maystrie, & his wyf highte dame Marcye. Dame Marcye was mikel ofin. pris; Of landes lawe scheo was ful wys; Scheo studyed faste to make þe lawe. ffor hure þey caldyt by þat dawe, In Bretons tyme, als y wene, Þey calde þat lawe Marcyene. ffro kyng to kyng þat lawe men wrot, & Englysche kynges ȝit hit wot; Marchenlage, þe Englisch hit calde; In eyghteauht. schires þat lawe ȝit men halde, Gloucestre, Chestre, Warewyk, Oxenford, Hereforde, Wynchestre,

The Petyt MS. rightly substi|tutes Wircester for this:—

Gloucester. Wircester. Herford. Werwik. Oxenford. Schropschire. Chester. staford.

 Schropschire, Stafford. And Gwyntelyn & Marcyen, A knaue child hadden þem bytwen. ¶ Syluyus Rex. ¶ Syluius his name þey told, & er he were seuen ȝer old, Deyde his fader: þat tyme here He regned namore bot ten ȝere. After Gwyntelyns deces, Kepte Marcyen þe lond yn pes; & when þat he was wel of elde, Þat he couþe þe londes welde, Scheo hym dide coroune kynge;— Y telde ȝow his regne in alle& he regned in all þe. þynge;— Stalworth he was, yn armeswas till. bone; Bot after his fader he deydedie. sone. ¶ Kynmar Rex. Þenne com his heir, Kynmar, her,Kymare his sonne his heire was here. & regnedhe lyued. on & twenty ȝer. DANEUS his broþer þen haddesiþen had. þe lond;Rex. Ten ȝer he regned, wyþ werre he fond. ¶ De Morpydeo Rege Bastardo. Þys Daneus hadde on bastardiebascardie. The second scribe of P. writes from here to l. 3965. See qwen, l. 3881, note. A sone þat wan hit wyþ maistrie; Morpydus,Morwidus. Morbidus in l. 3755; Morpidus in l. 3758, 3763, &c. hit seys he hight; He was a merueillousOuer mesure was he. mody knyght. Þorow hardynesse wan hit of chaunce; EgrelicheIrouslik. he tok vengeaunce, Hys ire, when hit on hym ran, ffor nought woldwild. he slo no mana man.; ffor loue woldwild. he noman spare, ÞeTo. whyles þat his wrathe ware. In al þe regne ne was þer non So fair of vertues als he on. Hys body was gent, & fair of vis; Til alle he gaf gyftes of pris; Out of mesure þen was he large, Tresour to holde ne made he charge. ÞeTo. while his ire was a-weye, Al woldwild. he do þat men woldwild. seye, & also meke was as a child, Tyl þat his wraþ waxBot whan his wrathe was. on hym wyld. In Morpidus tyme þat was so stout, Þe duk of Morreue robbed a-bout; Northumberland gan he waste; & MOrpydus til hym gan haste, And angerlyegrelike. gan hym assaille, & þer hym slow in pleyn bataille. Þus seide men, & ȝit mes seys,& ȝit sais. Þat hit was proued (y not what weys) Þat Morpidus slow mo men,sleu me. alone, Þan alle his host[e] dide ilkone. When he had slayn al þat he myght, & was al wery more to fyght, Þe bodies"All alive," says Wace, l. 3463. he dide brenne of þo, Er his grete ire myght ouer go. ÞeBe. tyme þat he was best in elde, & stalwordest hym self to welde, A best com out of þe Irysche se & destruyed al þe contre; An hydous best was hit by sight, ' Monstre Maryne' men seide hit hight; & som men caldit 'Marebellew,'marine bélue, Wace, i. 166. Lat. belua maritima, De Lincy, ib. So wonderful best no man þer knew. (Swylk calle men 'Monstre,' als y fynde, Þat lymes hauenhas. out of kynde; Þat hauenhas. lymes more or lesse, 'Monstre' men seis þat swilkon ysse.)es. 'Marebellow'Mare Bellu. ys þe se hound: I not wheþer hit suiymmes? MS. smymmes. suimmes, P. or is atte ground. Was non þat wonede by þe se syde, Þat durste for þat best abyde; Man & best he swelwed & etete . . leet.; Þat he ouertok, onof. lyue ne let. ¶ Morpidus herde þerof gret cry; Hys herte was bold & euereouer. hardy, On himself he affyed so, Allone, þe best he ȝede hym to, & faught wyþ hym,—hit was folye On hym self so mykel forto affie;mikil affie.— Hym self aloneAl on him self. þe best assailled, Gret hardynesse hym nonHardines of hert. ne failled; Wyþ spere first he til hym schet;launce first he to him scet. & wounded hym þat was so gret. Whan he had schoten, & til hym cast, Þenne wyþ swerd hew on hym fast. Ouer neygh he cam in þat fyghtyng: He gaped wyde, & swelwedopind his mouth & sualhid. þe kyng. 5[þus gate deid sir Morpidus; So did þe best þat swalud him thus.]55-5 From the Petyt MS. ffor þe kyng men made gret mone, Þe bestes deþ conforted ilkone. ¶ Gorbodyan rex. Morpydus hadde sones fyue, & alle þey leftym byhinde alyue.all left be-hind him on liue. Gorbodyan, fairest of flour, & Argayl, & sire Elydour, Iugenes,Vigenius, Galf. Mon. i. 18. & sire Perodour, Alle fyue were kynges of honur. Gorbodian was flour & pris, He was trewe, feyghtful,rihtfull. & wys; Neuere kyng wyþ so mykel loue Ouer no lond regnedOuer lond ne folk ne was. aboue, Neuere louede he no lye,witand he ne leih. No dide men wrong, lowe ne heye.dide wronge to man þat deith. He was kyng ful mesurable, To don alle right he was ful stable;P. wrongly omits this line. Loue & pes his tyme was ryf; Ten ȝer he lyuede þer inne his lyf. In Trenouante þer he lys, His broþer hym leyde at his deuis. ¶ Argayl Rex. Argayl, þat next hym was born, Was kyng as he had be byforn. Wykkedly þen gan hym falle, ffor he discorded wyþ hem alle; Þe godmen he abesedabeissed . . aueanced. mykel, & auaunsed þo þat were swykel; Þe tresor þey hadden, he it hem reft; He loued wel lyes;Bleþely wild lie. þe soþes he left; Trowe men ne louede he nought; Glad was he whan wo was wrought. þe barons conseilled þeym bytwene; Þe lond þey refte hym quyt & clene. ¶ Elydourus Rex. Þenne corouned þey sire Elydour, Man of pite & of socour. Argail, þat was dryuen out, He ȝede to prynces ouer al about ffor help to haue his regne ageyn; Bot his trauaille was al in veyn, Non wolde helpe restore his perd; Þen lyued he ffyue ȝer in pouert. Sone afte[r] þe ffyue ȝeres ende, Elydour þorow a wode schold wende, ffor to pleye by o ryuer; Þat wode, men caldit Calduter.kalamiter. Galatère, Wace, l. 3570, where Brenne fought Belin, p. 107, l. 3025 above. Argail þer sire Elydour mette; On knes sire Elydour he grette, & asked hym grace & mercy; & he hym graunted al redy; On hym he hadde gret pyte, Þat in pouerte schold hym se. His armes abute his nekke he kast, His grete pouerte he pleyned fast; Whan he had longe ment his mone, Tyl Aclud þey wente ilkone; In his chaumbre he dide hym be, Þat non hym wiste bot in pryuete. Hereþ now of sire Elydour, How he dide his broþer gret honur. ¶ De pietate Elydory. ¶ Elydour feyned hym sik to lye, & seide he hopedehopid, expected. forto deye. After his barons þenne he sent, And þey alle til hym went; A day was ordeyned for to be, Þat þey schold visitensuld viset. hym, & se; Wyþoute noyse til hym scholdsuld. go, On alone, wyþouten mo, & speke softe & priuely, ffor he ne moughte suffre no cri. Ilkon dide þe kynges wille, As þey come yn, þey held hem stille; & als þey comen, þe kyng hem tok, & dide þem sweren on þe bok ffor to don Argail homage; Were he neuere of so hey parage, Wold he, ne wolde,wild he ne wild. þat scholdesuld. he do, Oþer þe deþ schold heOr ye dede be suld. go to. Þus sonderlypessunder leps (separately). he dide þem swere, Tyl Argayl schulde þey faiþTo Argaill suld þei feche þe bere. bere. ¶ Deposito Elidoro, Argayl iterum factus estRex. WhenQwen. þey had alle sworen an oþ Tyl Argail, wer hem lef or loþ, Elydour & þey alle went To ȝork, & helde a Parlement. Elydour þer þe coroune leued, And set hit vpon Argailes heued, & seide, "here gyue y þe Argayl " Þe coroune of Bretayne holyke al." Þan seide men of sire Elydour, Þat he of pite was fruyt & flour, Þat forsok þe regalte,regaunte. & gaf hit his broþer for pite; þerfore in ilka lordeslordyng. hous Was he cald Elydour Pytous. ¶ Argail amended his maners, & louede his barons, & m[a]de þem pers;his pes. Was non of hem so mesurable, Ne of his word so wys & stable; Alle his wykked tecches he lefttecchis left. When [he] had take þe corownwhan ke tohe ye croune. eft; Alle hym louede þat hym er hated, ffor alle his vices were abated. Ten ȝer he regned in honour, & syþensyn. fel in a langour, & ended his lif fair & wel: Þey byried hym at Karlel. ¶ Iterum elegerunt Elyodorum. Sire Eliadour eft þey ches, Þat loued so mikel pite & pes. Bot Iugens & Perodours Agayn hym gonne behim were. werreours; Pryuely gadered þey partye, & tok hym al wyþ tricherie; At Londone þey dide hym in hold, In a prison hard & cold. ¶ De falsitate fratrum. Perodour & Iugenes, Þey parted al þis lond, & ches: Iugenes tok, as hym þought best, By northen Humber, Est & West. Perodour hadde þat oþer partie, & in a þrowe al þe seignurye; ffor Iugenes lyued bot seuen ȝer, Wythouten heyr, quyt & cler. ¶ Perodour gan hit þenne vnderfonge;Rex. Bot he reioysed hit noughtne ioyed it neuer. longe, ffor þe ffeueryngesferynges. deþ hym tok; Wyþ synne hit wan, wiþ sorewe hit fursok.schame for soke. ¶ Þen brought þey forthe sire Elydour,Rex. & corouned hym wyþ honur. When he had takeþris had he takyn. þe coroun, He dide þat tyme þe folk somoun To se þe skaþes his breþere had don, & amended hem al so son. Of folyes was he god iustice, He refte nere man his fraunchise; He gaf ensample of alle wysdam, Þat helden þe lond, or after hym cam; Large of herte, of wylle fre, He hight Elydour of pyte; In al his tyme hit was hende,all ende, and leaves out the next line. In alle godnesse his lyf gan ende; In Aldeburghe castel was he leyd, 'Klud'Glud. þat tyme þe name was seyd. After Elydour of pite, His cosyn hadde þe regalte, Þe eldest sone of Gorbodian,Rex. Syþen Argailes sone,MS. Argailessone. þat hight Morgan.Rex. Þys Morgan was god & meke, His gode wyl was nought to seke; He was god lordLord till all. wyþouten ylle, And alle hym louede wyþ gode wylle. After Morgan, Argailles sone,MS. Argailessone. ¶ ErmaneusEmmanius, or Ennuanius. En|niaunus, Geoff. Mon. hadde þe regyone.Rex. EumaneusEmmanius, or Ennuanius. En|niaunus, Geoff. Mon. was Morganes broþer, Bot his maners were alle oþer, He couþe hym neuere ffrendes gete; Tyl al he hadde ire & hate,niht and hete. & alle hated hym right sore, ffor he dide ylle to alle þat wore; Ilkon þey found hym vengaunce ful, Wyþ schrewes he dide hem many yl pul.with yuel men did him manie a pull. Six wynter he regned in his lyf, In felonye & in stryf: Alle þe comune seide right þus, " We haten hym, so doþ he vs." Þer-opon conseillede þey, & dryue hym out of þe lond awey; Þus þey reftymreft him. þe kynedam, & noman wyste whe[re]where. he bycam. Þenne made þey a parlement, & chosen a kyng þorow alle assent, [þe comon of þe region]From P. Iugeneus sone, sire Yualon.Vigenius ..Idrovallo, Geoff. M.Rex. Yualon gaf hym to trauaille, Al to gode þat myghte auaille; He dide make many estres, And lykned muche his gode auncestres; Bot his lyf lastedbot lif was. no stounde, Ouer sone had deþ cast hym to grounde. When Yualo had mad his endyng, Perodours his sone þey chose kyng.Rex. After Perodours sone deces, Was Elydours sone Gerunces;Rex. After Gerunces was Catillus;Rex. After Catillus was Coyllus;Rex. Þenne was Porrex; & þenne Cheryn,Reges. He þat was a drynkere of wyn; Ouer mykel drynke he ches; Hys ȝougthe al þer-inne he les, In drynke & in dronkenesse, Dide he neuere oþer prowesse. By his wyf had he þre sones, & alle were kynges (þe story mones) Ilkon were after oþer: ffulgenius was þe eldest broþer;Rex. Eldadus, & Androcheus,Reges. Þis oþer breþere men caldemþe toþer breþer called men. þus; Lytel while was ilkon kyng, Alle made þey sone þer endyng. Androcheus sone highte Vryan,Rex. He regned a ȝer, & deide þan. After Vrian, Elyud men ches;Rex. He hadde his tyme þe lond yn pes. After Elyud, Endacius;Cledamus, Geoff. M. Clédan|tius, Wace, l. 3737.Rex. After þan, DotenCletonus, Geoff. M. Cloten, Wace, l. 3738.; syþen Gurguttus;Reges. Syþen was Merian, fayr in chere,Rex. He couþe of wode & of ryuere; In alle manere venurye, Hym lyked best swylke maystrie. Ladies bed hym of loue ynow, Bot to non of hem wolde his loue bow, Bot onlyke til his owen wyf; So ended Merian his lyf. After Meryan was BleludoRex. His sone, & couthe of wode also; Large he was, & gaf bleþely, He spared toof. non þat was worþy; Alle men hym loued, for he was fre, Erl, baron, & knyght, & oþer meyne. After þys noble Bleludo Cam Capes,—hys name was so;—Rex. After Capes, Oeneus;Rex. After Oeneus cam Sysillius;Rex. After Sysilly com Glegabret,Blegabret.Rex. A syngere of þe beste get;þat was a syngere of þe get. Of song & of mynstrecye Alle men gaf hym þe maystrie; Þe note he couþe of alle layes, Of mynstrecye al þer assayes;& mynstralcie all þe saies. He couþe so mykel musyk & thume Þat þe people [saidesaid.] in his tyme He was þe bestwas god. of ffythelers, Of iogelours & of sangesters, ffor he was euere glad &? for in or to. gamen, ffele in seruise held he samen. Of ioye & song was his spel; Was he neyþer irous nenot irous no. fel, Bot led his lyf in melodye Ynto þe tyme þat he schold deye. After hym was Archyuaul,Archmaul, or Archiuaul.Rex. Pesable he was,—God haue ys saul!— After hym was his sone Eldol;Rex. Hit seys he hadde a folted pol, ffor he was euere lecherous, Of women ouer coueytous. A gentil womman, where he myghtif he mot. fynde, Were scheo neuere so noble of kynde, Wheþer scheo were wedded or nought, His lecherie he wolde haue y-wrought; & for þencheson of his folye, Men hated hym, as was worthie. After Eldolf, þys folted fon, Cam his sone hight Redyon.Rex. Redyon hadde þe kynedam, & after Redyon, Redryk cam;Rex. Syþen was ffamour, & kyng Myssel;& Famur & Missel, for which Geoff. Mon. has "Samuelpenissel," and Wace "rois Phanupenisel," l. 3799.Reges. And after hym com kyng Pyrchel:Rex. Pyrchel had fair heued wiþ her, Þorow gift of kynde þat was er;heire. Som what was hit fair out of kynde, Þat ȝut of his herheire. write men fynde. After hym cam Caporus;Rex. Syþen, his sone Elignellus.Cligueillus, Geoff.; Elignellius, Wace. MS. du Roi, 75153.3 Colb. De Lincy, i. 181, notea.Rex. Þys Elygnellus, fol wys was he, Man of mesure wel auyse; After hym regned his sone ElyRex. ffully to-gidere ȝeres fourty; A noble man was he, & a wys; ffaire he deyd, & at Castre lys. ¶ Lud Rex. Helye had þre sones wyghte: Þe eldest sone, Lud he highte; Þat oþer was Cassibalan; Þe þrydde, Nemny,Nenny (Nennius, Geoff. and Wace, l. 3812). a doughti man. Lud was eldest, most of age, Hym fel to haue þe heritage; Knyght was he fol god in stour, & lyberal man, & vyaundour;& metegift man viandoure. Cites & casteles newe dide set; Of þe olde mad he god recet;gude rescette. He louede London best of alle, Þerfore vmb-closedit wyþ ahe closed it about with. walle; Manye ar þe clos memen. se ȝit stande, Þat Lud dude make, hymwhils he was. lyuande. ffor barons & for burgeys sake, Grete stedes til hem dide he make; Þerfore men seye, & ȝit men may, Þat neuere bifore vnto þat day Made kyng byforn so fele cites, Ne castels, ne clos, þat ȝut men ses. ¶ Tyl Luddes tyme men held þat haunt, To calle London Trenouant; ffor þe loue of Lud ylk del, Þat woned þer longe, & closed hit wel, & was of hym so gret renoun; Kaer Lud þer fore men calde þe toun. Þenne come oþere men were straunge; ffor þe Lud, London dide hit chaunge, Þenne come Saxoyns, men of Angle, Als þey couþe on þer speche iangle, ffor Kaer-lud caldyt Ludden, Þat couþe þey best com on & ken; Þenne come þe Normaunz & þe Frankisch, Couþe nought com on to calle hit þis; ffor London, Londres þey hit calde; ȝit Frensche men þat nameon frankis ȝit þat name men. halde. ffor regnyngebe remouyng. of kynges straunge, ffor diuerse speche, langage men chaunge, Þat han þis lond often ywonnen, & þorow riden & þorow ronnen, &Ere. þe names chaunget þer fore; Som names ar lasse, & som ar more; I hope foMS. þe. P. reads fo. tounes þat now are Hold þer names þat first ware. When sire Lud, þe gode kyng, Was ded, & don was& mad. his endynge, Byside his gate þey hym leyd, Þat, for his name, Ludgate ys seyd: He yt made, & he yt aughte, Lodgate for hym þe name laughte. Of Lud were left two childre ȝyng; Lond to kepe couþe þey no þyng: Þe eldest hight Androcheus, Þat oþer men calde Tenuacius.Tenuantius, Geoff. Tenuenci|us, Wace. Cassibolon was þer em, Þe nexte sibbe of þat tem, He kepte þe childre & þat lond; Men held hym kyng, faire he þem fond; He mayntende þe lond to ryght, He was curteys & doughty knyght; Þe folke he couþe wel iustise, Of hem he hadde fair seruise. When þe childre were of elde Þat þey couþe lordschip welde, In totuo. erldomes he dide þem seyse, Worschipfoly, al atter ayse. Androcheus hadde, þorow assent, Londoñ, & þe erldomMS. Erldon. of Kent; Þat oþer broþer had þe baylle Of þe erldom of Cornewaille. When ilk was sesed in his erldam, Þey were cald Erles, whare þey cam. To whyle þe kyng & his cosyns In loue loken ar þer lynes, Richesse þey hadde ynow to wylle, & of no lond dredde þey non ylle, Ne neuere þurt hem hauethorte haf. drad no tyde. Bot ouerwenyng of herte pride Ros a discord hem bytwene, Þat longe in þys londe was sene; ffour hundred ȝer hit lasted, & nyne, In þis lond þat firste pyne; Hit bigan, as ȝe may se, Of Cassibolon & Androche, Þorow whilk sorewe þe Romayns wan Truage of Cassibolan, Þat myghte nere be wonnemot neuer wyn it. byforn, Tyl þer loue þorow pride was lorn;P. omits the next four lines. Whyle þer loue to-gedere held, Might neuere no Romayn bide þem in feld, Þat þey ne chased, þorow force of fight, Cesar of Rome, & al his myght. How hit bygan bytwyxt þem bale, Listeþ, & y schal rede þe tale. ¶ Exe de Iulio Cesare, Romanorum Inperatore. In þe tyme of Gassybolan, Iulius Cesar, a myghty man, Þat tyme was Emperour of Rome. Of alle knyghtesof knyghthede. he bar þe blome, Of alle þo þat men oftyme were. herd, ffor he conquered al þe werd; Als he was doughti knygt, & god, In clergie wel he hym vnderstod, Of conseil he was man ful wys, & of manhod he bar þe pris; Hys gyftes he gaf largely, He wyste to wham hitwhom &. was worthi; ffals & felon he couþe wel knowe; Þe ouer proude, he held þem lowe. Þe Romayns were þan of pride, ffor þey hadde wonne on ilka side; Þe londes oueral þem aboute, & gauen þeym truage for doute. When Iulyus had wonne þus þere, ffurþer he þoughte to conquere; Long nold he soiournene wald he soioure. ne rest, Tyl he had wonnen toward þe west. Hardy Iulius, knyght war & wys, Preysed of prowesse, of poer hadpruesse powere &. pris; He gadered hym of knyghte ȝonge, Of alle nacions þat speke wyþ tonge, & tok his leue at [þe] Romayns, To wende fro þem for longe teymes;to wyne londes lungeteyns (les lontains, Wace, i. 186, l, 3922). West, he seide he wolde wende, To wynnen to þe wordles ende.werldis end. Whan Iulyus was wel dight ynow, He passed Burgoyne & Moungow.Fr. Mon Gius. Lat. Mons Jovis. ffyrst he wan al Burgoyne, ffraunce, Nawuarre, & Gascoigne, Peytowe, Normandye, þe lesse Bretayne; Syþen went agayn til Alemayne; Alle he wan hit ar he þeþenþien. nam, Siþen to Boloyne & to fflaundres he cam, & al conquered vnto þe se, Al gaf truage to Rome in fe. Whan al was wonne, wel heldynheld him. payd, By þe se a day he ȝede & playd; Toward þe se his eyeegh. gan kest, & faste byheld toward þe west: " What ys ȝone lond y ȝonder se, " & what [folk]folk/. euere þer may be?" Men hym tolde hit was a lond þat folk of Troye first[e] fond; Brutus highte þer firste cheftayn, & after hym hit hatte Bretayn; þe heires þat of hym ar comen, In heritage þey haue hit nomen. ¶ Dicta Iulii Inperatoris. Iulyus answered & seide right þus: " Wel han y herd of sire Brutus; " He saide he com of Eneas kynde, " Bot ryghtly born nought we fynde; " He com of Eneas, þat held þo landes " Þer Rome our cite now yn standes; " ȝyf he were born of Eneas kyn, " Þorow kynde y sette chalange þer-yn; " Chalange y wole þat lond þorow ryght, " Þat Eneas kynde gete þorowhad of. myght. " Ys þat lond — lokeEs ȝon þat Ilde þat. ȝe me kenne— " Þat bolde Belym was of, & Brenne, " Þat oure cite of Rome wan, " Oure se[n]e, &our seene (senate). destruyed ilkaman? " Wel schal þey wite, whylewitte till. y am her, " Þat Rome ys now of more power! " & right hit were, & reson hit welde, " Þat þey til vs truage schold ȝelde: " ȝone ilde was Belynes, & Rome was his; " Gret skil haue y þenne þorow þys, " ffor to sette chalange þer-inne, " Þat his lond was, þorow right to wynne. " By letteres woly hem first somoune, " To here þer wyl, what þey respoune; " Nought ne woly passe þe se " Til y wyte how þey answere me. " ȝyf þey to my pes wille hem chese, " & ȝeld hit me, þey schol nought lese; " ȝyf þey ne wol nought bot wyþ stour, " y dereyne þe lond for our." Þay dide Iulyus write a bref, & schewed hem how he was chef, & how his kynde fyrst hit wan: Of Eneas com Brutus, þat man, & syþen was Belynes heritage; He wold hit wynnen, or take truage. Þe lettere com to Cassibolan, Þat he schold bycome sire Iulyussuld com Iulius þat man. man. Cassibolan brak þe seal o sunder; Of truage askyng he had wonder; Anoþer lettere dede he wryte þare, & sent hit ageyn vntil Cesar Al in ire & in tene, & þe letterewritte. þus mykel wol mene: ¶ Rescripcio Cassibolany ad Inperatorem. ¶ "Cesar," he saide, "we haue meruaille " & gret desdeyn, wyþouten faille, " Þat of ȝow Romayns rennes silk los,— " & to longe hit lastes after hit& fer it. gos,— " Þat ar of so gret couetyse " Þat non bot ȝe may haue fraunchise; " And al þe syluer & al þe gold, " & alle lynage þat lyuen on mold, " Til ȝoure dom wil ȝe þem drawe; " Wy[þ]oute reson, wyþoute lawe, " Al þe tresor ȝe drawe ȝow to: " What wil ȝe þer-wyþ al do? " & we þat are atte wor[l]des ende, " & in an ylde lyuelif. & lende, " ȝyt ȝe ne wilwill ȝe nouht. passe vs forby " Wyþoute truage askyngbot ȝorgh treuage. greuously! " & weMS. were. þat schal & benwe þat suld be. ȝour peres, " ȝit wolde ȝe make vs truagers! " Þerfore, Iulius, ȝyf þou wilt assay, " & of þy comyngeto com till vs &. sette vs a day, " Y trowe þou schalt fol euelesuld litell. spede. " Com on, & proue hit inIf þou wild proue it with. dede! " ffor euere ȝit haue we lyued fre " Y þis lond, bot now for þe, " & schul we lyue alswe suld life also. frely " As ȝe Romayns; & reson whi: " Syn we ar comen alle of ofor ȝe & we ere all a. kynde, " & of o rote & of o rynde,comen of a rute & a rynde. Fr. orine (origin), Wace, i. 190, l. 4010. " Þat ys to seyn,for we ere comen. of Eneas, " As frely born as euere þou was. " Þerfore, ȝyf þou þe byþoughtest " In skil & reson as þou oughtest,& after skill & reson wrouhtis. " Þou scholde nought put vs toþou suld not sette vs in. seruage, " Syn we ben of þyn owenþat ere of þin awen. lynage; " We schul be peres to ȝow of Rome, " In alle fredam haue euenly dome. " Vs wondreþ at ȝowre nurture ofAls þou ert Ientill & of grete. pris, " Þat swylke vilenie in þe now lys, " In seruage to put vs to! " & we wot nought how we scholde do, " We neuere lered, ne nought wil lere, " ȝyf þat we may, in none manere. " Of alle oure kynde, y ne wyste no man " Þat couþe of seruage,seruise. ne ȝut ne can; " Ne we knowe nought on what wyse " We scholde serue seruage seruise. " ffre we ar, so schol we be; " & ȝyf God wyl, we schulCesar. for þe! " Wite þou wel by oure answe[re], " Whiletill. we may oure seluen were, " & fende oure lond & oure fraunchise, " Of vs getestow neuere seruise! " Ne neuere truage schol we þe gyue;ne treuage I gyf þe a gyue. " Þat ys to seye, whiles þat we lyue, " We wol be fre, & holde honurs, " As dide byforn our auncessours." To Iulius swylk a lettere þey sent; & when Iulius wiste þat entent, Þat ȝif he wold haue any truage, Nede byhouednedeli borde. hym make passage, Þenne dide he make schipes & barges, ffoure score wyþ grete charges,— So grete byfore were neuere for were, Ne non þat so gretheuy. charge myght bere,— Wyþouten oþer schipes smale, Þat we nought telde byforn inwere not telde of in þat. tale. ¶ De nauigio Cesaris. ¶ When Iulius Cesar was al redy, To go to schipe þey made a cry; His folk com in-to schipe right fast, & drowe þer saylles vp heye ondid drawe þe saile on þe. mast; Þen blew þe wynd, and gan hem dryue, At an heuen þey gon vp aryue,ryue. Þer Temese & þe se to-gydere comen. Bot er Cesar hadde vp lond ynomen,þe land had nomen. Þer was sprad by þe se side ffair folk to fighte, Cesar tabyde:to bide. Cassibola[n]Cassibelan. was redy at Douere, & renged his men by þe ouere;him bi þe ses ouere. (A.-Sax. ofer shore). Hys styward highte sire Belyn, Of conseil was he god & fyn; He hadde do comen þorowdon com þorgh. somons On alleilk. half, erles & barons. Þe kynges neuews com wyþ gretneuoz þe to. partie,— To hem he myghte hym wellon þo tuo he myght. affye,— 7Þe eldest highte Androcheus, Þat oþer broþer Temuacius; Androcheus & his Loundreneys,77-7 Androcheus & his lordynges, londreis. Tenuacius wiþ his Cornwaleys, Sire Nemnius, sire of Kanterbire, Þe noblest of al þe empire: Þe kynges broþer was Sire Nemny, Androcheus was in his compaigny, & oþer folk [ful] gret plente. Wyþ ostes were þer kynges þre: Erudyonus, þereþe. Scottes kynge, Britalles wyþ al þe Walsche garderynge; Of South Walys com kyng Ignarcet; Þyse þre were in [o]a. bataille set, Wyþ here frewille þyse þre cam ffor to defende þe[r]þar. fredam. Ilkon gaf conseil to go Er þe Romayns were logged mo; ¶ Bellum inter Romanos & Cassibolanum. ¶ Er þey hadde ony recet taken, Þey þoughte þey wolde hem a-wake[n].or þei wild hald þam waken. When alle were set in ylka bataille, & schept ho scholde formest assaille,whilk of þam suld formast saile. Toward þe Romayns faste þey nomen. Whan Cesar sey þat þey scholde comen, He cried to hys men "armes ȝow! " Þe Bretons ar redy, & come right now." Sone were þer batailleostes. to-gedere met, & to bataille renget & set: The next six lines are from P.[þe parties smert smyten togidre, With scharp suerdes on helmes gan glidre. þer schaftes þorgh schoten body & schelde; Many on fell, & many vphelde; Many tome sadill & hors ostray, Many douhti knyght doun þer lay;] Many on wounded lay þer to blede, & manyon stode, som fledde for drede; Knyghteknyghtes. iustede, archers drowe, On boþe parties fol manie þey slowe, Þei come so þikke & so smert, & perced brunyes,hauberk. brest & hert; Wyþ wyfles(A.-S. wifel, arrow, dart, jave|lin.) stanes, P. strike, wyþ axes hewe, Schuldres, schankes, & hedes, doun hewe;þe schuldres þe schankes doun threwe. Alle was strewed þe grene gras Wyþ blod & bowaillebowes. & heuedes fresch. fful hard was þer, & mosteno ferly was it behoued. nede; Þe quiyke vpon þe dede ȝede; Vpon þe dede þey stode to fight, & euerychealle. slow þat he slo myght. Cesar hadde in his bataille Knyghte þat couþe boþe fende & saille; He peyned hym to do þeym wo, & faste he folewede hem for to slo; Was þer no manwas it non. þat he smot, Þat ful sore on hym neþat ne þe dede sone him bote. bot; Mighte þer noman lyue no stounde, Þat of his swerd[e] laughtetoke any. wounde. Androcheus com wyþ þo of Kent, & Nemnyus, to-gedere þey went, Þey set o þe Romayns a gretþei gadred þam a gode. partie, & beot hem dounbatailed þam. as men hardie, & seide "Turne we vpon Sezar!" & als þey rod, þey were hymof him. war. Nemmyus fyrst ferde in þe stour, & bated hym oponabatid him on. þe emperour, And ful glad was þat he myght Wiþ so noblegrete. a lordyng fyght. Cesar perseyued þat he cam, A-geyn his scheld a strokhis stroke his scheld. vp nam; Cesars swerdCesar suerde. was out ful sone; Nemny to smyte he was al bone, & Nemny on þe heued he smot; Hit was trenchaunt, ouer fer hit bot, Bot Nemny bar vp his scheld, His heued a party lowe hit held;lowe a parti helde. ȝit þe strok sank so doun, Þorow þe helm heschelde &. brak his croun; Lite failled þat he ne had Clouen þe hed, þeClouen þe borde. dynt was sad; Bot Nemny bar þe scheld o sker, & Iulius smot his swerd ouer fer, Þat he ne myghte drawe hyt ageyn; Naþeles he dide þerto his peyn, He drow þe swerd, Nempny þe scheld, Ilkon wel his owen held; Nemny wilde haue turnd & went, Bot Iulius wiþ þe draught hym hent; I hope Iulyus had drawen hit out, Bot Nemnyus fol[k]folk. were egre & stout. Androcheus, Nemnyus neuew,neuow. Wyþ hem of Kent dide gret prow; On ilka side þey slowe aboute, & Cesar saw hym self in doute, & fro þem fledde in to þe feld, & lefte his swerd in Nemnyus scheld. Nemny saw of help ynow, He turned þe scheld, þe swerd out drow, & wiþ þat swerd forþ he faught; Bot þo þat þer-wyþ woundes laught, Myghte þey neuere haue medecyne, Bot to þe deþ by-houed hemþe dede bod þam.labennius. (Labienus, Geoff. and Wace.) pyne. Als he þus faught, þys Nemmyus, He ouer-tok sire Labemnius,constablie. (conestablie, Wace, i. 198, l. 4177.)— A lord he was of gret baillye, In Rome he hadde a constablerye,6— Nemnius swilk a strok hym lent, Þat by þe schuldres þe hed of went. How manye þer deide, y may nought ame; Of alle þe fighters y knowe no name; Bot þer was manyon doun leyd, Wel mo þan any man wrot or seyd, & wel mo scholde ȝit þat nyght, Had þey nought sondred for faute of lyght.had ne sondred þam & left þer fight. ¶ De fuga Romanorum. Þen com þe nyght, gon was þe day, & ilka party ȝede þer way. Þe Romayns syde was nought payd, Logges non hadde, þey were dismayed; Wery þey were, & yuel lykande,ill likand. ffor wiþ þe Brutons þey myghtOne stroke too many in the m. nout stande. Þey toke conseil a-wey to wende, No lenger in þys lond to lende; ffor þe contre knew þey nought, Logge ne recet had þey non wrought; To schipe þey wente þat ilke nyght, Vntil fflaundres þey fley þer flyght. Þe Bretons made blisse, ilkon, Þat þe Romayns were so gon; Bot þe kyng made sorewe ynow ffor Nemnyus, þat to deþe drow;Nennius to dede drouh. Medicyne myghte non be founde Þat myghte hele Nemnyus wounde. Of sire Nemny nought elles to seye, Bot þe fiftenþe day Nemny gan deye.he died on þe fiftend day. Þey buryed hym in a temple gate, In London, atte Northe gate, HonurablokerHonorable more. þan an oþer, ffor he was þe kynges broþer. Þat swerd he wan of sire Cesar,De gladio Cesaris. By hym in graue þey leide hit þar, ffor he was of gret honur, & he haddyt wonnen y þat stour. Þe swerd was of swylk metal, Þat who þat wounded were wyþ-al, He ne scholde nought longe lyue ffor medicine men myghte hym gyue. Why of deþ hit hadde þe gylt, Hit was writen on þe hilt Wyþ lettres of gold, burnusched bryght, Þat "Crucia mors" þat swerd hight: P. has, for the next three lines, on & ȝit men say as sais þe romance.Hit myghte wel hote "Crucia mors;" Wham hit wounded, hit was ded cors; & ȝit hit ys seyd y þe Romaunce, Þe enperours swerd was al vengaunce. Til þeym of ffraunce cam tidyng tyt, How þe Romayns were desconfit Þorow þe Bretons in pleyn bataille. Þanne mysliked þeym saunz faille, And for cowardes þem selue ches, ffor þey were at [þe]þe. Romayns pes. Þey conseilled þem a day certeyn, Vpon Cesar to turne a-geyn; In þer conseil þei seide þus: " Als þe Bretons chased Iulyus, " ȝut schulȝit sall. we fonde so to spede, " To do sire Iulius fle for drede. " Þe Bretons be nought ȝit so bolde " As we haue ben, [ne] men of tolde,als we ere ne men of tolde. " & so lyghtly dide þem lout! " ȝit schulȝit sall. we fonde to chace hem out. " Hit are ynowe þat first han grace " ffor to wynne, & robbe, & chace, " & siþen turnes þer praye til pyne; " Lyghtli þey wynne, lightly þey tyne: " Þer lordschip ȝit schul we abate, " ffor alle þe world þey wynne wyþ hate." Þus þey seyde þat þey wold do; & ȝit alday men telle þem so,teld þam to. Þat þe BretonsMS. frensche. bretons, P. Que li Breton mer passeroient, Wace, l. 4249 (after Geoffrey). wolde fonde a flyght ffor to felle þe Romayns myght.france to help þe romeyns to fight. Þat sawe mademad. þeym wylde & wod, & reysed þem more vp in þer mod: Bot sone þer bost was al in griþ, Whan sire Iulius had spoken hem wyþ. Sire Iulius Cesar was ful queynte, Wisdam he couþe, & wordes feynte; A folet couþe he wel adaunte,a felon [Wace, félon] couþ he full wele daunte. To proude men þer wylle graunte. ¶ De blandiscione Cesarys. Wel couþe he paye þe couetous, & wynneHe wan. þe wille of þe enuyous; & ful wel couþe bere hym meke When his strengthforce. was for to seke. He wiste þat þe frenche menwist þe frankis men. were fykel, & how þey forcedemforced þem. agayn hym mykel; & his men were yuelille. dight, Wery & wounded al& weri for-fouhten. in fight; Leuer hym were in loue þem loute,luf to loute. Þan in bataille to bencom to bataile & be. in doute; Þe Bretons hadden hasted hemhad þam hasted. so, Þat tyme in dede myghte þey nought do. Wyþ faire wordes hem to hym drow; & gaf hem giftes & richessegiftes riche; and leaves out the next two lines. ynow,— ffor of his giftes he was ful large, ffor schame þey moughte hym namore charge;— & more he byhet, þan gyuehette þam if þat. he myght, Þe Bretons to wynne wiþ force & fight. To pore men he gaf fraunchise, & cleymed þeym quitclamé quite, Wace. Eng. "quit|claim." of þer seruise; Þo men he hadde flemedþat he had fled. [Wace, escil|lié]. þe contre, To comen ageyn he gaf hem fre, & to haue þer heritage, & restored þeym of hereþam þer. damage. Þerfore when þis grete lordynges Seyen Cesar ofresawe Cesar offer. þem swylke þynges— Gold & syluer atterat þer. wille— In pes þey held hem alle stille. Mikel ys richesse of power! ffor sone had he bated wo & wer,wheere; and leaves out the next two lines, and transposes the two next to them. Sone had he turned wrong to right, Sone had he blent þe coueytous sight, Sone made he frend þat er were wroþe, Of Cesar & þe ffrankysche boþe; ffor þo þat hym byforen hated, Wiþfor. hys gyftes were alle abated; Þat schopen hym yuelcompassid foly. & outrage, Þey didenmad. hym fewte & homage, At his conseil for to lende, Ageyn þe Bretons ȝyf he wold wende. Whan sire Cesar,Iulius. lord & sire, Had pesed & swaged al þer ire, He conseilled hym wyþ an engynour, & dide hym make a merueyllous tour In Boloygne: "Ordre" ys þe name. So wrought ys non bot þat same; By-neþen hit is in strange compas; Brod & þykke þe gynnynge was, & euere hit nareweþnerewes. rysande on heyght, & semeþ grillergrelere (rougher, sharper). & more streight. Selcouþe stages ar þer-ynne, Wyndowes cast, coruen wiþ gynne. His tresor he leyde þer inne to lok, Onlyke þer al þat he toke; & hym self lay in þe tour, When he dred hym offor [de traïson, Wace]. his tresour. Two ȝer he dwelled þer in ffraunce, & dight hit for werre in alledighted it for were o. chaunce; He sente to baillifs to gadere hymhis. fees, & reisede his truwage of his citees. Whan al was gadered on ylk party, In Ordre þey leide hit in tresory. In two ȝer he dide hym dight, & made hym to Brutayne right,vppon þe bretons eftsons to fight. & dide hym dighte a fflute on flode, Sex hundred gret schipes & gode,schipes grete & gode. & seide, "ȝit wyly makewill mak. assay " Vpon þe Bretons, spede howif. y may; " Bot ȝif y may conquere Cassibolan, " Y preise nought elles al þat y er wan; " Al my conqueste preise y nought, " Bot þe Bretons to trewe be brought." ¶ De subuersione nauigii Cesaris in Tamysia. Whan hit was dight, al his flet, Wyþ god folk & vitailles set, Þe schipes seyled day & nyght Til þey come in to Temese right. þei sette vp saile þe schippes kemse þe wynde þam drofe in to temse. Þus þey wend, þat atte firste tyde Þer nauye to Londone holy scholdsuld. ryde; Alle at ones þe scholdesuld. vp saille, & to þe Bretons gyue bataille. Þe Bretons wist hit wel ynow, Bot of þer sleigþe lystneþ now;bot what þei did listen how. Longe pylespeeles. [peus ferrés, Wace, 4437.] & grete dide þey make; ffaste yn Temese dide þey hem stake, Euerylkon wyþ iren schod; Ageyn þe schipes stod ilkonilk an. od, fful wel set, & sykerly; Þer myght non wel ascapescape. forby. ¶ De bello inter Cesarem & Brutones in Tamysia. ¶ Right atte fulle seat a folle flowe. of flod Com alle six hundred schipes god; Sykerly þey wend haue nomen, & into Londone at ones comen. Þey ne were wyþynne bot a lite, Or on þe pyles gon þeyare on þe peles þai gan. smyte. Þer myght men se þat stod on brynke, Schipes in-to þe water synke; Þat on vn-to þe toþer hurte,hurtle. (hurter, Wace, 1. 4347.) Þe mastes fastefalle. to-gidere burte, & somme ouer-terned, & lay on syde; Bordes ryuen out holes wyde, Ropes ryuereled, & sweruedreueld suarled. in lyne, Ilkon dered oþer, & dide pyne; Lond ne hauene myght þey non taken, So faste on pyles gan þey staken:pelis gon þei stake. In yuelille . . nome. tyme out þey nomen, Yuel þey ryued þat þider comen!Ille þei sailed & þidire come. Cesar saw þat grete vnhap, Þat in þe water was swylk a trap; Iren-schod was ilka peel, &he. þoughte þat so was ilka del; Many of þem turned a-geyn, & seyde þat wendyng was in veyn. He dide þem alle gon vp to londe, Man & hors, þer þey best fonde; By bankes vp aboute þey wente, & pyghtpiked. þeym pauylons & tente. Right als þey picchedpiked. þer pauylons, Cam Cassibolan wyþ þe Bretons, Erles, barons, knyghte, squiers,suaynes. Asperly folle on þe Romayners:fellid on þe romayns.— His neuew & oþere of hisneuoz & his oþer. kynde, Wyþ alle þe oþere þat he myghtehelp þat he mot. fynde, Þe kynge asemblede in nobleascried þam on his. wyse, ffor wiþ þe Bretons was no feyntise:— & at þer logges þeras. þey hem set, Þe Bretons wyþ hem þer þey met.

For the next two lines the Petyt MS. has, on leaf 28, back,—

ferweis at þer first comyng. þer armour herd ye crusse & ryng. At þer loges þe romeyns biden. agayn þe bretons stifly riden. of which the first two represent the "Dont véissiés armes croissir" of Wace, l. 4366, vol. i. p. 206.

 Þeyr egre comyng þe Romayns a-boden, A-geyn þe Brutons stifly þey stoden; Als a wal þe scheltrom held,þer hardynes helde. (Lor hardi|ment orent por mur, Wace, l. 4369.) & ruysed þe Brutons abakdid þe bretons go bak. in feld. ffirst þe Romayns ful wel stoden, Agayn þe Bretons in bataille ȝoden,felde ȝod. & fer bakward dide hem go, & manyon slowe, & wroughte wo. Þenne was wroþ Cassibolan; ffor tene byfore þem alle he nam,wan. & bar þe breste on þem by-fore, & after hym þe Bretons gafgan. bore, & euere was fresche folk comande, And dide þe Romayns ageyn stande. So wyþynne a litel þrowe Men amed þem, & wel hit sowe, Two so many Bretons þare As hadde þer Iulius Cesare,

Bien se sunt esmé as trois rans De chevalier, tos combatans, Que César n'i ot amené. Wace, i. 206, l. 4377-9.

Britones vero, omni hora affluen|tia suorum augmentati, triplo major|em numerum habebant. Galf. Mon. iv. 7 (p. 62, ed. Giles).

 & dide þe Romayns a-geyn to fle, & slowe þem, schame was hit to se! ¶ De probitate Brutonum. ¶ Hardy Cesar, noble kyng, Þat neuere so bayscht wasneuer abaist. for no þyng, He sey þe force of þe Brutons, & hyse to þem hadde no fuysons.fosons (defence, p. 56, l. 1591, note 17, above. Þe Bretons, as wode, rengede route; Of dynt ne deþdede ne dynt. had þey no doute; Þey slowe, & felde, & made þem weye; Þey made no force to lyue ne deye.or deie. Cesar perceyued þat ful wel, He dide turne hys folk ylk del A-geyn, & to þer schipes wende; Bot hym self lefte tilwas in. þe last ende, A-gayn þe Bretons forto þe bretons. to fyght, Þe whylesto whils. his folk to schipe þem dight. By þe lond þe schypes did ryde, To kepe his folk at ilka tyde; When alle were ynne, & sayl on mast, Cesar com yn alder last; & alle þat were of his conrey, Hyed þem faste, & wentevp with saile & forth. þer wey. Euene as lyneals lyn. þe wynd gan dryue; At Ordre, his tour, gon þey aryue.did vp ryue. The three lines following are in the MS. du Roi 73, and the Arsenal 71 (Wace, i. 207), though not in the MS. du Roi 27 that De Lincy printed. Cesar soiourned þer ful longe, To hele þem þathele þat. were wounded stronge, & man & hors for to rest, And ordeyned for hym what was best. Þe kyng of þys lond,kyng douhti kyng. Cassibalan, & þe Bretons ilka man, Made ioye for þe mykel pris Þat þey had wonnenwon. of Cesar twys. Þe Romayns, mykel sorewe þey made Þat þe Bretons were soall: and leaves out the next four lines of verse. glade; Cesar & hyse were dismayed, Bot þe Bretons were wol payed. ¶ Pro Victoria eorum optulerunt solempnem sacrificium Diane diis suis. ffor ioie þey hadden þo batalle wonnen, & Cesar twyes had ouer-ronnen, To God þey highte to make a feste Wyþ alle þe comme[n]s lest & meste.comune of þer geste. Þe day he set of þe sacrifise, Hys vow to holde wyþ fair seruise. Cassibalon sende his messegers ffor þe barons,for barons. knyghtes, & squiers, Of his demeynes alle þe pytaillepeddile (foot-soldiers). Þat hadde hym serued in bataille, Þat þey scholdesuld. alle to London come, Vp peyne of forfeture of&. dome, Wyf & child wiþ hem scholdsuld. lede, Þo þat halp hym in his nede, & alleall þei. come wiþ herte glad, In riche atyr, ryght as he bad. Man & wyf, & children ȝonge Þat couþe go, & speke wyþ tonge, Alle þey comen to þe cyte: ffairer folk myght no man se; & ilkaman after his auenaunt Made offrynge, as was hisþer. haunt. ¶ Exe Sacrificium. ¶ Þys feste day þat was so hey, Were offred ffiftywas of fourti. (quarante mil, Wace, i. 209, l. 4431.) þousand ky, &, þer-to, þreþer þritti (trente-millers, Wace.) þousand hyndes, Wylde walkande by wode lyndes; & an hundred þousand schep; Þe noumbre oftale af. foules gaf noman kep, So fele þer were, myght non þemno man. ame, What of wilde, what of tame. When don was þat sacrefyse, & feste holde in þer beste wyse,P. leaves out this line. Mynstrals bygon to bloweglewe. & ryme, Als þer custume was þat tyme; Knyghtes, squiers, made bourdys, & hem desgysede in pourprein þer quantise of purpure. & bys; & oþer bachelers skirmede faste, Wrastlede, lepen,wristled skipped. stones caste; In feld, in toun, inat. ilka weye, Ilkon pleide þat he couþe pleye. When þey hadde alle pleyd at wille, & schold haue ended, && suld haf. ben al stille, Two wolde skyrmen, as fel þeskirme þat com of. cas, Sire Huwelyn & Irelgas.hereglas (Ireglas in rubric and next line). ¶ De Infortunio inter Huwelynum & Irelgas. Irelgas was þe kynges cosyn; Androcheus neuew was Huwelyn.nouowc was Heulyn. Þyse to-gedere wolde skyrme al gate; Þorow pride of herte son com þer hate, Þorow hate þen gan þerþorgh þan gan. wordes ryse Of boþe parties of yuelill. assise. When ilk had seyd til oþer wough, Wyþ wraþe to smyte, þe eggeedge. drough: Þorow a meschaunce, y wot hit was, Huwelyn slow þer Irelgas. When þe kyng þys chaunce herd seye, Þe feste was sturbled &turbled & mirth. aweye. ffor þe kyng was ful feloun, & hastyf, vntil vengaunce boun, Þe kyng seid vntil Androche, & bad hym vp peyne of alle his fe, Huwelyn, his cosyn, hymheulyn him. for to sende, Þat felonie for to amende, & in his court haue iugement Þorow þe comunes, er þat þeyþorgh comon or þei. went. Androcheus þoughteþouh. wyþ herte ful wo: " ȝif y hym sende, he schal hym slo." Androcheus sende ageyn ful tyt, & of his court asked respit: " A lord y am, &a. court y haue; " Þorow þat wyl ywhilk .I. may. hym dampne or saue. " ȝyf þer be eyþerit be ouþer. baron or knyght, " Pleyneþ hym þer, he schal haue right; " & þe souereynte þou takest þeþe courte þat þou bides me. to, " Hit schold be myn, & schalsuld . . & sall. be so; " Þou wost hitwote it. ys myn heritage; " Þou bedes me mys & outrage!" ¶ Rex irascatur versus Androcheum nepotem suum. When þe kyng herde his answere, He swor he scholdesuld. on hym were; & þat he had, he scholdesuld. hym reue, Heritage ne nought, hym byleue; & Huwelyn scholdsuld. he slo, ffor þat outrage þat [he] had do.for Ireglas suld he go. On þis manere parteddeparted. þer feste; Wiþ loue bygan, endede wiþ cheste. Cassibolan was Androcheus eem, Luddes broþer of þat teem. 7Androcheus was Luddesone, & Temnace, As y forn telde in oþer place.77-7 Androche & Tenuace lud sons boþe .I. told or space. Whan Lud deyde, þey ne couþe Kepe þe lond for þerfor ouer. ȝouþe; Cassibolan þerfore vndertok Þe lond, & hem to kepe & lok; & þorow þe wroþe of þis þynge MadeMakis. Androche a chalangyng. Now ilka day Cassibolan fandesfondes . . . . . londes. To brenne & struyebrenne. Androcheus landes. ¶ Hic peciit concordiam. ¶ Androcheus saw his felon wille, Þat þe kyng þoughte hym towild him. spille; He sente til hym his messeger, & preyed þe kyng in fair maner, Namore destruye his landes so, Bot make acord bytwyxt hem to; & preied hym "þat he woldeif he wild it. mone " Þat heha. was his broþer sone, " & heir of al þat heritage " Þat þou me reuest wyþ outrage."reues als outerage. Þe kyng was of so felon rees, He ne wolde here of preyere nehe not here his praiere no. pes, Bot vengaunce take for any þyng; Þat falles ful yuelvmwhile ill. for a kyng. Androcheus saw no bettere bot: " Suffren," he saide, "nede y mot." Hys pleyn londes he let hym haue, Bot his forteletes he dide& his forceletes did. saue: Wiþ hym to holde he fond noman, So cruel was Cassybalan. ffle ne wold he neuer a del, Ne lese þat he myghte holde wel. Androcheus asked: "What ys to rede?said what is to spede. " Syn no man dar me helpe for drede, " & help me byhoues haue algate,bos haf alle gate. " Nede me dryueþ vntilchaces vnto: and then leaves out the next four lines. þe ȝate; " ffor þe kyng assent wil nought " Þat y haue þes, als y haue sought. " Siþen y ne may haue no rest, " On oþer halue y schal do my best; " fful mykel anguisse woldy byde, " ffor to felle þe kynges pryde. " A folye to do, & fle a wel& slek a. more, " Men haldes þat wysdamhold it wisdom. & lore; " To do a folye, ȝut were hit skyl, " ffort[o] lyuereto delyuer. a man fro more peryl; " & god hitwele it. were to suffre a wo, " ffor to venge hym of hys fo. " Wel y wot, & haue in hert, " Þat hit schal vs boþe smert; " Bot ȝit me lykes þat greuaunce, " ȝif y may take on hym vengaunce. " What so schal me bytide algate, " Þe kynges pride y wyl abate; " Y may nought elles wyþ hym dele." A lettere he wrot, & dide hit sele, & sent hit priuely to Cesar, Tyl Ordre his tour, for he was þar. What he wrot, & þyder sent, Y vnderstonde þus þentent: ¶ Epistola Androchii ad Cesarem. ¶ "To Cesar, hardy, war, & wys, " Whas pruwesse men preisewhos pruesse men praises. in pris! " Of Bretaigne, Androche þe Bretoun, " Sire of Kent, lord of London, " Sendeþ þe gretynge, wyþ his god red, " Þat whilom wylned to þe ded. to send þe gretyng is my rede, whilom to whom .I. desired dede. " Cesar! often haue men seen, " Þer to hantuo haf. hated, & fomen ben, " Þat syþen han loued to-gedre wel, " Tristiloker þan ony stel;tristeliere þen any. " After hate, loue wyl be, " & after schame, worschip& after wirschip. men se: " Þus hit bytides many gate, " Of somme þer longe has benþat long haf bene in. hate. " Ilk soughte oþer deþ,we souht our dede. al þat we myght, " When we met vswe fondid. in feld to fight; " Bot so hit fel, to boþe oure prow, " Þat neyþer am y slayn, ne þow. " The lines following, down to l. 4915, are not in De Lincy's MS. du Roi 27, but are in MS. 73, Cangé. Wace, i. 214-15.A-geynes vs bataille hastow nomen, " & twyes we haue þe ouercomen; " Bot lef þou wel þisbot witte þou now. for certeyn, " Þat ȝif þou wilt comeIf þou will com. eft ageyn, " Of Kent ne þertestowthurte þe. fle þat cost, " Þawþof. y were þere wyþ al myn host; " & þeyþof. þe kyng þat tyme com þare, " Ne þart þethurte þe. fle for al his fare;here. " ffor þorow myn help, & þorow me, " Has þe kyng do þe twyes fle;

The Petyt MS. adds,—

& þorgh þe dyntes of my honde, defended þe kyng his londe.

 " ffor by me þe land þou lees, " & for me fledde þy mykel pres. " Þerof now y repente me sore, " Þat y so dide ageyn þe þore; " Þerfore by me þou schalt be brought " To wynne þe lond, als þou had þought; " Now me forþynkes þat y þe noyed, " & þat þe kyng þe so destruyed;of þe destroied. " ffor syn he haþ boren hym in to proud wysefor he has born proude þerfore. " Til his barons, & to alle hyse,to his barons out of score. " And syþen hadde he neueresiþen with me ne had he. wille " In pes me suffre a day be stille; " My lond to waste he goþwendes. aboute, " My frendes to slo, & dryue þem oute; " My self he woldewald. exile & chace, " & slo, als hit ys his manace; " My God y take witnesse vnto, " Y serued neuere he scholde so do! " My neuew to deþ he wolde hauewild haf. demed; " ffor y wyþstodit, he haþfor þat encheson am I now. me flemed, " & for y woldewald. nought do his wylle, " To suffre hym myn neuew spille. " Y schal þe telle how hit bygan " Bytwixt me & Cassibolan: " ffor [þe]þe. honur & for þe pris " Þat we hadde ouer-come þe twys, " Þe kyng dide þe folk somoun " Þorow-out þe lond of ilka toun. From the Petyt MS., lf. 30 which gives a different version of the first part of Androcheus's letter, up to line 4942 here. It follows the Wace MS. du Roi 73, Cangé, to l. 4915, and then the MS. du Roi 27, that De Lincy printed; while Robert of Brunne repeats the account given on page 167, from l. 4753 to l. 4776 above.[" Þat alle of valow, moste & leste, " Suld com to London to his feste, " Grace till our God [to] ȝelde " With sacrifise, as lawe wilde. " Graces ȝolden with sacrifise, " Whan we had don our seruise, " Diuerse folk in stedes did samen, " & diuersly plaied þei gamen.]

The Petyt MS. continues,—

My neuow was þer Heulyn, & þe kyng had þer a cosyn: with skirmyng þei bigan to play, & ilk oþer with word missay. þe kynges cosyn manaced fast, & drouh his suerde at him in hast. My neuow saw þat, & on him stirte, held his suerde for doute of hirte: of trewe men þus .I. it herd, bituex þam tuo þus it misferd, þat þorgh a wond þat he lauht þore, vp ne ras he neuer more; oþer wais no man ne wote whedire he felle, or he him smote. þe kyng of þis apechid me, & comandid on all my fe, ' þat .I. his body to him sent, ' & at his courte take Iugement.' I. hoped wele he wild him slo; þe ton suld for þat oþer go; þerfore .I. douted him to sende, I. said .I. had a courte, .I. wende, & lordeschip, as a man of myght; com pleyne him þer, & tak his right. ¶ De infortunio inter Huwelinum & Irelgas. " Irelgas was þe kynges cosyn; " Huwelyn, he was neuew myn: " Þyse to-gydere wolde skirme algate; " Þorow proude hertes þer wax hate; " Þorow hate þer gon wordes ryse " On boþe partys, on yuel assise. " Whan ilk had seid oþer wow, " Wiþ wraþe to smyte, þe egge drow; " Þorow a meschaunce, y wot hit was, " Huwelyn slow þer Irelgas. " When þe kyng herde þys seye, " Þe feste was trobled, & myrþe a-weye. " ffor þe kyng was ful felon, " & hastif, vntil vengaunce boun, " Þen seid þe kyng vntil me, " Comaundynge, vp peyne of al my fe, " Huwelyn hym for to sende, " Þat ffelonye for to amende, " And in his court have iugement " Þorow þe comunes, ar þat þey went. " Þan þought y wyþ herte ful wo, " ȝif y hym sende, he scholde hym slo. " y sende hym ageyn ful tyt, " & of his court asked respit: " ' A lord y am, a court y haue, " ' Þorow þat wold y hym dampne or saue; " ' ȝif hit be eyþer baron or knyght " ' Þat pleyneþ hym þere, he shal haue right. " ' Þe court þat þou bedes me to, " ' Hit schold be myn, & schal be so; " ' Þou wost hit is myn heritage; " ' Þou beodes me mys & outrage.' " & for y þus agayn-seide hym, " He ys to me þus wroþbroþe. & brym, " & me manaceþ day by day " To brenne & slo, ȝyf þat he may. " Wher-fore, Cesar, y schewe hit þe, " Þat þou my socour ageyn hym be, " & help me in my wo so harde, " And com hyder in god forewarde, " And þorow me schaltow haue þorh me sall þou haf.Brutayne, " & y þorow þe brought out of & .I. for þe be brouht of.payne. " Ne haue þou non suspecioun " Þat y hit seye for any tresoun: " Y wolde nought swylk a þyng bygynne, " Alfor. þys reame for to wynne; " Bot com, & make no dwellynge, " & rescowe me a-geyn þe kynge. " ffor þou myshappedest yIf þou spede not in. þe first ende, " Now schaltow spede er þat þou wende." ¶ Cesar herde what he bysought, & streitly turnde hit in his þought, & schewed hit his barons aboute, Wheþer þey heldit certeyn or doute. Þer-on þey conseild, þat þer war, Þat atte laste seyde Cesar, " Þat he ne wolde, for sonde ne sawe, " Put hym in peril ne in awe; " Ne for noa. byheste of bost " Wold he so sone sampnesone eft samen. his host; " ffor y haue herd seye fele syþe, " Þat faire byhestes makeþhotes makes. foles blithe." Cesar sent hym bode ageyn, ȝyf he wold haldwild holde. his word certayn, Sende he scholde hym hostagers, Men of gode, barons, pers, Oþer elles wolde he nought com þere Vntil his tyme bettere were. ¶ Androcheus dred hym of treson, Þat þe kyngCassibolan. wolde bysege þe toun. His sone Senna til Cesar sent, & þritty oþer wyþ hym þey went, Of þe beste þat he might fynde, Next born of his owen kynde. Cesar receiued þem wyþ honur, & dide þem alle in Ordre,did þam Odre. his tour. Syn, als sone as he myghte hye, He dighte his host, & god nauye, & priuely aryued vp at Douer, & logged hem by þe cost al ouer.bi banke & ouere (shore). Androcheus com til Cesar þyder, & conseiled þem boþe to-gyder, How þey schuld wyrke, & on what wyse, Ageyn þe kyng in bataille to rise. Tydynges ronne, þat ouer alRenoun ran þat ouer. reches; Ilk man til oþer made þerto ilk a man mad þei. speches, Tilspeche. men tolde þe kyng tydant, Þat Romayns were aryue on land. Þe kyng þeron conseilled sone; On hem to renne, mad hym bone; & in herte had gret meruaille Þat þey so so sone broughte hymþei rose so sone eft in. bataille.— He wende of þeym haue hed no warde, Bot hym fel þer a chek ful harde;chek hasarde (far better).— & al so sone as he myght, Toward Douere his host he dight. To Cesar was hit told in hast Þat þe kyng was comande fast: Cesar conseilledconseild. wiþ Androche, Þat he wolde come outhe wald out. of þe cite, And turne a sidenhand oturne sidenen in a. valeye, &,all. armed, biden hem in þe weye; & arraied þem in renges& renge þam redy in ordire. ryght, & assigned whiche bataille first scholdwhilk aschelle suld formast. fight. Whan Cesar had arrayed alset all. his host, OA. þyng he comaunded most: " Þat non scholde, for wele ne wo, " On fro oþer, of renge go; " Ne non prese to styrtene stirte. byfore, " Ne holde byhynde in coward score; " Bot passe forþ sadlyk,renge þam sadly syde by syde, ' Til þey com þer þey scholdvntill þei com þei suld. abide, ' & stoutly hem þanne o þe bretons auaunce,& þan baldely auentour his chance. ' & felle þem dounresceyue him. wiþ swerd & launce.' Androcheus enbuschedbussed. hym pryuely Wyþ fif hundredcinq mil, Wace, i. 220, l. 4699. men armed, redy On þe kyng assaut to make, By-twyxt hem ȝyf he myghtebituex þam if þei mot. hym take. Cassibolan on his wey gan spede; Of non enbuschementbussement. tok he hede; Þeyr hostes boþe neighedboþe he neihed. ȝerne; & whan þey werehe was. nought fro þem ferne, Ouer an hil þen lay his weye; & als he com in to þe valeye, He saw þe Romayns fresche yspred in. þe feld, Redy enbatailled wiþ spererenged with helme. & scheld. Als sone mad he hym redy, & loude ascried þem on har& discried þam with a. cry, & sone þey schoten& to schot. arewes & dartz fful felonlyk on boþe partz. Androcheus, atte firste comynge, Of his enbuschement gan he springe; Al freschely he com on hemfresly on him he com. ful hot, & bacward vpon þe Bretons smot: " Ey!" seid þe kyng, "here ys deseit! " Bytwixt þem to þey holde vs streit!".I. am holden streite. He ne myghte nought perce þe host Romeyn, Ne he ne myghte turne ageyn; Byhynde, biforn, he saw peryl. O side he trauersed vnto a hil, So nede hym byhoued, or be in clos. On boþe sides he saw his foos, He seide hym self þo, he was bitraischt;betraist . . . . . obaist. Þen were þe Bretons alle abaischt. ¶ Hic Cassibolanus se retraxit. Ilk þat þer myghtIlkon þer mot. (The next line, after l. 4723, is left out in De Lincy's Wace, i. 224, without notice by the editor.) fle, þey fledde; Þat best myght renne, best heþam. spedde; Bettere was fle, þan worse abide,es fle þan foly bide. ffor socour þer cam on nonewhan socour comes on no. syde. Vntil a hey hil þey drowe hem to,þei fleih. Bettere wistey nought what for to do;he wist no bettere þat þan deih. & er þey myghte þat heye hil take, Many a croune men myght se crake. Whan þey hadde þe hil al nomen, Þeym þoughte þey were til castel comen; Non of þenomore. Romayns durst com hem ney, Bot held þem fro þe hil a drey.nehi . . . . . drehi. Þe hil was stronground. busked aboute, Þat þe Bretons of Cesar hadde nohad of no man. doute; ffor eche man tok a tre to stal, As tristi astrostere þan. a castel wal. Cesa[r] byheld to þe hillesof þe hill þe. heyght, Þat wyþ non assaut ne wyþ no sleight Mighte he wynne þat forcelet; Þerfore a sege abute hit set, Þat þey ne myghte no-wernoure. aboute, Bot þorow hym, haue issueþorh þam all passe. oute. He dide sette in wardesstedes. seers, Knyghte to wachem,waite. & squiers; & also he dide hewe trees, Þe styes to stoppe, & þe entres, & furgat nought ful lyghtly How þey had chased hym wyþ maistri; & ofte þey telde in þer auysvys. How þey bifore had chased hem twys: " Now schal y ȝelde hit, ȝif þat y may, " Er ȝe departe fro me away!" Alas, hit schold euer sosuld so gate. bytyde, So bolde Bretons myght non abide! ffor þey had chased twyes þat man Þat al þe werld þorow bataille wan; & ȝit þey stode stifly, ilkon, Whan þey wiste socur ofof socour. non, ȝit suffrede þei nought for to be nome Of hym þat þey had er ouercome; But Dame ffortune had turned her whel Donward til wo, þat er was wel; ffor þo þat abouen were wondvp were wont. to be, Donward þeym now turneþ sche. ¶ Qualiter Brutones iam deuicti sunt per famem. Þyse Bretons þat were in-clos & byseged wiþ her fos, Had þey neyþer drynke ne mete, Ne non myght hem purchace ne gete. Þey dredde no sautsauht. of bataille; Bot what may þat help or a-vaille, When of mete ys defaut? Honger wynnes hit atte firste saut. Þer ys no castel so strong idight,It is . . . . . stalworth dight. Þat honger ne wynneþ wyþouten fight; Wyþouten wepen or armour, Honger ȝeldeþ castel & tour. God castel dredes no power, Emperour, kyng, ne kayser, Ne oþer help me hauemen haf. at nede; Bot of honger ys al þe drede. Þer force haþ mad manye assayes,has mad of assais. Honger hit wynnes byn fewein fo. dayes. Þre dayes þey were in þat turment, Þat honger had þeym ner al schent. ¶ Rex misit Androchio pro Misericordia & Auxilio. Cassibolan had sorewe in wold, How he mighte ascape þat hold: On alle halue he saw Romayns Redy for to do þeym payns; He hadde no force wyþ hem to fyght, & honger hadde ouernere (ses homes mate, Wace, i. 224, l. 4789). reft þer myght; Mykel he dredde Iulius Cesar, & more þe honger þat þey had þar. He moste chese on of tweye:of þe tuo þan had he weie. ȝelde hym to Cesar, or for honger deye. Two dayes & two nyghtes til ende Wold he noman biseke ne sende; ¶ Þe þrydde, he þoughte how best myght be, & sende his sonde til Androche:— I ne wot ho dide þe message, Wheþer knyght, squier, or page:— " Androcheus, y sende þehim. to seye, " Suffre me noughthe suffire me not. schamely to deye. " Þaw y mystok me.I. haf not serued it. greuously, " I prey þe of me haue þoubot .I. pray him of. mercy. " Þaw i dide an hastynesse,þof .I. did him a hastifesse. " Y schal hit amende, asif. his wylle esse. " A man schold nought his owen kynde " Dampne for o defaute, we fynde; " ffor hit haþ ofte be wyst & sen, " Þat wraþe bytwyxte kynde haþ ben; " Bot whan þer [wraþe]wraþ. was brought til ende, " Syn han þey ben ful feyþful frende.has bene full hende. " I preie þe now, ȝif þysay him if his. wille be, " Þat þouhe. be now curteys to me; " Y biseke þe,bid him. þenk on no mysdede, " Bot schew me þyschew now. kyndenesse in þys nede, " & saue me now byfore Cesar, " & euere more eft wol y be war. " To þe may neuere falle honur " ȝyf me bytide a misauentur." ¶ Responcio e contrario. Androcheus herde þe kynges pleint, Þat ner was recreaunt & teynt; & answered hym al at reburs:robours. " Haþ now þe kyng nede of my socurs? " What, haþ my lord herd ought or seen? " Seue nyght ȝit ne haþ hit ben, " Þat he wolde me exile, & reue " Al my lond, & no þyng leue, " & þerto þrette me to slo, " Whare he haue now laten þat mod ouer go. " My lord þat bar hym so ouerare so. stout, " ffor no preiere to loue wolde lout, " I wiste hit wolde noughtit suld not. falle hym wel, " Þat was so fers, &þat he bare him. ouer cruel. " Wyþouten skil were we wroþe, " & þat schal now repente vs boþe; " Bot alder meste skaþe wil falle " On hym seluenself. for vs alle; " Hit falleþ no kyng toit fals no kyng do. felon res, " As lyon in þe tyme of pees, " Ne in tyme of werre for to dare, " Nene omitted. to fle for drede, as doþ þe hare. " Þat he fled, sire, nought so,fled .I. say not so. " Bot his cruelte wil hym fordo; " He auaunted hym til vsauanced him till his. ilkone, " He venquised þe enperour alone; " Bot he alone neuere hym ne wan, " Namore þan dide an oþer man; " Bot þorow me & þorow my knyghtes " Þat wounded were in many fightes, " And oþer þat were al so doughty, " & wel bettere þan he oþer y, " Þorow þeir dede & oure trauaille " Wan Cassibolan þe bataille. " ffor swylk he made his noble fest, " & seid hit was his owen conquest. " His barons þat were his peres, " Of his conqueste were parceners; " ffor he þat stande wel in stour, " He aughte haue partawe haf partie. of þe honur. " Þe kyng may wel hym seluen wyte, " By hym alone schal hit nought byte;wite. " Þo þat halpe hym hit for to wynne, " Wel oughte þey be parcenerspartinere. þer-ynne. ¶ De gratitudine Androchii. " Bot wel am y now venged on hym; " Þat now ys meke, þat er was grym. " Now, siþen þat he bisekeþsekes. me " On hym to haue mercy & pite; " & y schal certes, ȝif y may spede, " Help hym now in his gret nede. " I may nought elles for no þyng; " He ys myn eem, my lord, my kyng/; " I ne may nought faille hym, ne y ne wil! " Syn he hym mekeþ, y wolHe mekes him .I. will. do skil: " I am venged on hym y-now; " Now wol y fonde to don his prow." ¶ Dixit Androcheus Cesary pro pace Cassibolani. Androcheus, wys knyght & war, Anonon one. he ȝede vntil Cesar, And on knes byfore hymMS. injured. P., him sette. sette. Iulyus Cesar ful faire he grette: " Sire Iulius, þou art a myghti man, " Conquered þou hast Cassibolan! " Vnto þy mercy wol he now come, " & ȝelde his truage vntil Rome; " Tak of hym now þat truage, " Of þe to holde his heritage; " Wiþ loue let hym now come to þe. " Þou askes nought elles of al his fe, " Bot onlike of þe to holde; " He hit graunteþ, & y hit wolde. " Iulius, haue of hym mercy! " Þy wille to do we ar redy." Bot Iulius Cesar wold hym nought here; fful deflike herde hedefly he herde. his preyere, & passed forþ as he nought herde; Til Androche nought he answerde. Androcheus had þer-of disdeyn, Þat Cesar tok his preyer in veyn; He stirt vp wiþ yuel wylle, & bad Cesar stonde a whyleabide Cesar & stand right. stille: " Þis londe ys ȝolden to þy baillye; " Þorow me hastow þe seignurie; " Þat y þe hight, y holde couenaunt, " & more getes þou nought of graunt. " Þe seignurye of al þenpyre, " Þat may þou haue, as lorde & sire; " Þat þow hast; what wiltow more? " Nolde Godgod will not. þat oþer weys wore, " Þat þou myn eem schost prisone or slo! " Nay, Cesar, so schal hit nought go, " Þat he scholHe sall not. be so lyghtly slayn, " While þat y hauetill .I. haf. þat myght & mayn " Þat hym for deþfro dede. y may rescuwe! " He is myn eem, & y his neuewe; " He noriced me, he ys me dere! " ȝif þou ne wilt my biddyngIf þou ne will my praiere. here, " Y parte fro þe, & haue god day: " Do now tildo þan to. hym al þat þou may!" Þen cam Cesar forþ, & stod, Þoughte he was of kynde blod, & þat he seide, hit was skyl, & he dide his wit þer-til. Whan he hadde al cast & þought, He graunted al þat he had sought;bisouht. Hostages asked þe partys, & þey wer graunted at here auis, And truage þey graunted so, As þe lond was taxed to: Þre þousand pound ylka ȝer, At termes sosette. to paye plener; Of alle þe lond gadered & tan. Þen brought þey forþ Cassibolan, & diden Cesar & hym kysse: ffor þat acord was mykel blisse. Byfore þis tyme, neuere y ne fond Þat any man conquered þis lond. ¶ Þenne returned Cesar wiþ hye To Romeward after his victorie. Bot ȝe schul here a wonder þyng

This 'wonder þyng' in Roman history—an expansion at will of two lines in Geoffrey of Monmouth, lib. iv. § 10, p. 67, ed. Giles—is neither in Wace (i. 230, ed. De Lincy) nor our Petyt MS., though this last (almost like Wace) substitutes for it and lines 5279-80 above, the following lines,—

till Cesar com & mad conqueste as ȝe haf herd in þis geste. euen sexty ȝere þis was beforn þat Ihesu Criste was born: here with all acordes saynt bede; þe gestes of Ingland first ȝe rede. Whan all þis was brouht till ende, & fele went to se þer frende, The next four lines are not in De Lincy's MS. du Roi 27, but are in the Arsenal MS. 171, B.-L.; and the Ste. Genev. MS. Y., leaf 10. Wace, i. 230.þus say þei þat know þe estre, þat Iulius funded first Excestre. Excestre it hate, þis skill is whi, þe water hate ex þat rennes þerbi. till wynter were gon, Cesar gan bide, & went home in þe somers tide. for grete luf & specialle he toke with him sir Androche, & led with þam men of ostages, of þis lond þe best lynages.

[for the continuation, see note to line 5334].

 Þat fel in Rome after his wendynge: He had þer mad chef of þe cite Sire Crassus & sire Pompee; When þey had so al þe maistry þer, & he nought returned þe fyfte ȝer, Þey racoillede þe Romayns til her wylle, Ageyn Cesar. þat fel hem ylle; ffor Iulius destruyde Rome þan, & slow þer lord & gentilman; & Crassus he slow in a tour hey, Bot Pompeus skaped, & faste fley. fforþ in to Poylle he chased hym wel; Þer he byseged hym in a castel,— Braundys hit highte, as men tolde;— Bot þat myghte he nought longe holde, Bot in-to Egipte þen schiped he, ffor wel wend he þer siker haue be. Bot Cesar hym suwed yn-to þat contre, & spak to þe kyng, sire Tholome. Wiþ him was sire Pompe y-take; Bot for drede of Iulius sake He nolde meyntene hym namore, Bot his hed dide smyte of þore, & sentyt Iulius til present; & þer-wyþ he to Romward went In al his moste nobleye. in Rome Right yuele þey schope for hym ful sone: His barons wiþ treson dide hym deye, Bot Greffes hym mordred for enuye. Twey neuews he hadde, bot sone non, Þe eldest was cald Octouyon; Þe Romayns corouned hym saunz faille; Þen sesed he Braundys & Itaill, Of Poylle & Grece he tok þauow, & of alle þe reomes by-ȝonde Moungow. And al þe Oryent, þat oþer sesed, & tok tys part þat þe oþer leued; Of þritty reomes euery kynge Were enclinaunt til his coronyng. Such wraþe bytwixte þe neuews ros sone, Þat wiþ batailles to feld þey come. Octouion þat oþer slow anon, & his men desconfyted echon. Þen hadde Rome suche renoun Þat al þyng was in here baundon; Þen gaf þey til þe enperrour A newe name for gret honour, 'Augustus Cesar' þe calde hym þere, ffor þei ouer alle oþere were; & after þat he þat name had, Þe Romayns were þe more y-drad, ffor þemperour had þen vnder hand Al þe werld, boþe se & land.

For the next 20 lines (5335-5354) the Petyt MS. follows Wace, and has this passage:

[Seuen ȝere lyued Cassibalan siþen Cesar þis lond wan. to ȝelde þe treuage he was full mylde, ne he had noþer wife no childe. In ȝorke, far soth, he did his end|yng, & biried [was] þer as a kyng. Comes Cornubie factus est rex. Tenuacius was erle of Cornwaile, had þe regne all in his waile: he was Androcheus broþer; Androche was went, þer was non oþer; bot he regned full litell space; he died sone, king Tenuace. Kimbelinus cepit regnare. After sir Tenuace fyne, þei crouned his sone Kymbelyn. he was norissed at þe courte of Rome, he was gode knyght, wiseman in dome. At Rome, till Kymbelyn was þare, he mad him knygh[t], Augustus Cesar. ten ȝere he reyned kyng, & in þat ȝere he mad endyng.] Ihesus Christus natus est. Ihesus Criste þat ȝere was born, so had a prophete tald beforn.

Bot Cassibolan was ful ioyous Þat þis werre was ended þus. ffyftene [ȝer] after he regned in pes, Bot no child ne lefte at his deses; Þerfore þe corounede sire Tenmace; To gouerne þe reome he hadde grace. Cassibolan was ded, as was pite, & buryed at ȝork, þe gode cite. Wiþ Iulyus went forþ sire Androche, & his broþer reioisede þe regalte. After cam Kymbely, Tenmace sone, Þat had ful gret grace of Rome; Of alle his truage þey relesed hym þer, While he scholde regne & lyuen her, So þat he neuere ne payed nonWace and Geoffrey say that Kimbalius did pay it. To Rome ne to Octouyon. He meyntend euere his lond in pes, & leftyt his sones after his deces. De natiuitate Christi. In his tyme was hereþis lond þan was. (This Ta|liessin invention is not Geoffrey of Monmouth's. It is not in De Lincy's MS. du Roi 27, but is in the 'MSS. du Roi, 73, Cangé; de l'Ars. '171, B.-L.; de Ste. Genev. Y., fol. '10.' Wace, i. 232). a deuin, His name was called Telesyn; He telde þe Bretons many selcouþ, (Al fond þey trewe he seide wyþ mouþ;) He bad þem "lyueleue. wyþouten errour, " ffor now ys born our saueour! " Now ys vs toward ioye & blys, " Þat of a mayde þisOf a maiden a. child born ys! " Al mankynde schal he saue! " Ihesus, þat name schal he haue." Þis word þat þilk prophete seyde, Þe Bretons in herte ful wel hit leyde; Many a day þat word þey held; þey fondyt soþ al þat he teld. Þer was no folk in al þe werd Þat trowed so sone, when þey ought herd Prechen ought of Iesu lawe, Ne to þe feyþ so sone gonwild. drawe. Þen was þer a þowsand ȝer gon Þat Brutes aryued in Albyon, & þerto two hundred ȝer& tuo hundreth sais it. mo Er Kymbelyn to deþ gan go. As longe as he regned her, Wyþ þe Romayns was he dere; Þey asked hym neuere noþer. truage, Neyþer in his ȝougþe ne in age. neuerþeles at terme & stage. He ȝalde it curtasly & hende. in pes till his lyues ende. Christus natus est in tempore Kymbelyny. Of Kymbelyn totuo. childre left, Þat þe Romayns þer truage reft. Wyder, hight þe eldeste broþer; Arwygar, men calde þat oþer. Sire Wyder hadde þe heritage. A man he was of gret corage,a douhty knyght in vassalage. Proud he was, & ouer stout; Þe Romayns nolde he loueromeyns ne wild he luf. ne lout, Bot whare so euere he hem fond, He dide hem sonealle. voyde þe lond. Claudeus was þan emperour, Of Rome maister gouernour: Scorn hym þought, & swor his heuedson cief jura, Wace, l. 5013. Þer truage scholdsuld. nought so be leued; He scholdesuld. haue hit a-geyn ful wel, Deserite Wyder of ylka del. Of Romayns he gadered an host, & hyed fast til Bretaignesuyth vnto þis. cost. Hauene he tok at Porcestre— ' Kaer Perys'karepers. hight þan þat estre,— He wende haue taken þe toun in hast, Bot he failled of his [t]ast.tast (attempt). Þan tened Claudius [w]iþal,Lamb. MS. perished. P. has with all. Byfore þe ȝate dide make a wal, Þat no vitaille schuld come til toun: To enfamyn hemfamen þam. was þencheson. Bot Wyder & Arwygarus Wyþ twentyten. þousand mad hem rescus. Sire Claudius & his partie ffledde faste to þer nauye; Þe beste Romayns in batailles seer Stoden somme ageyn Wyder, & foughte wyþ hym longe stounde; Of boþe side ley ded on grounde. ¶ A Romayn þer was, a noble baroun, His name þey calde sire Hamoun, He was þemperores conseillour, A noble knyght he was in stour; He houed, & byheld sire Wyders, How he bar hym stout & fers, Romayns to felle, Romayns to slo,— Vnneþe ascaped hym anymot any ascape him. fro,— How wysly his folk he ledde, & how in bataillesto bataile. he þem spredde, Wyþouten los slow þetinsell [loss] slouh. Romayns, & syn relied his meneft alied þam wele. agayns. He saw wel—weel he moughttill he mot lyue. hit leue,— Þat oþer truage wold he no geue, 6Ne þe Romayns schuldit neuere wynne Whyle Wyder rengned kyng þer-ynne;66_6 Lines 5449-50 omitted in P. He þoughte þorowHe þouh. what manere þyng He myght best slo Wyder þe kyng/. Þat ylke noble Hamon Romayn, Dispoilled a Breton þat he fondspoiled a Breton þat was. slayn; Wyþ þe armes of þat Brutoun He armed hym seluen Hamoun, & went þen o þe Bretons syde: Als þey rod, so gan he ryde.

P. adds here,—

& þer langage to þam he spak. toward þe kyng þe bataile brak.

 [Þe]MS. perished. P., þe. armes deseyued hem ylkadel, & of þer langage he spak ful wel,— He had lered at ourHe lerid it at þer. hostagers Þat were at Rome truagers.— He calde þe Breton by þer name, & þey answered agayn þe same,P. transposes these lines. Til he cam to þe kyng Wyder,P. transposes these lines. Alwey he neyghed hym ner & ner; Þys Hamon rod ay side by side, & þidere he sawe þe kyng ride. þus Hamon rode ay side bi side. To sle þe kyng his tyme tabide. Þe kyng til hym gaf no tent; Þat saw Hamoun, a knyf out hent, Vnder þarmure þe kyng he styked, Priuely fro þem alle he pryked. ¶ De sapiencia & prudencia Arwygary. ¶ Arwygarus, his owen broþer, Parseyued þat er any oþer, & þoughte hit were gret folye Þere to grede or for to crie. He tok þe kynges conisaunce, ffor non scholde perseyueMS. perseyme. þat chaunce, An bad his priuesprimes. euer-ylkon, " Nought so hardy make no mon;to mak mone. " ffor wyst our folk we were þus trayscht, " Hit scholde make þem alle abayscht;traist . . . . . obaist. " Wyste þe Romayns þys chaunce wore, " Hit scholde enforce hem wel þesuld aforce þam wele. more. " ȝyf we were bold, now be we baldere,ȝe were bolde bes now boldere. " & y schal vndertakesall maynten forþe. þys were." He was wel armed, & on his stede Toward þeto gyf. bataille he gan hym spede. Wasterwas þer. non þat wolde hym feyne Whan þey sey þe kynges seigne.sawe þe kynge seyne. So wel he bar hym, & so auster, Þey wende hit were kyng Wyder. Þan myghte men se knyghtes stoute, Þat perced þorow þe Romayns Route; Þe Romayns ne moughte to-gedere holde, So were þe bretons egre & bolde; Syre Claudius wyþ his partie To þe water fledde wyþ his meynye;to þer nauie. Þat myghte nought to þe water fle, Vntil a wode þen fledde he.wod fledden he. Hamoun, þat þe host al ledde, To þer schypes faste he fledde; He spirde after þer enperour, Whider-ward he made his retour; Men ynowe til hym gon seye, Þat to þe water he tok hys weye. Þe kynges broþer Arwygare, Whiderhow. Hamon fledde, he was wel war. Atte water Hamon doun lyght, Intil a bot Hamon hadhim. tyght; Byforn cam Arwygar atte bot; Sire Hamones hed þer of he smot. ffor Hamon lefte þere his heued, Þe name of hym þer ys bileued;is leued. & for þencheson of þulkeþat. Hamoun, ffor hym þe calde þe toun HAMPTOUN: ffor swylke chaunces þat han bytid,for chances þat haf ben tid. Ar names of tounes cald & kyd. Whan he was fled, þenperour, & Hamon slayn atte retour, & alle wer dryuen to þat cost, Þe kyng to Wynchestre lad his host. When Arwygartill Arwigarus. þiderward nam, Claudius ef[t]eft. to londe cam, & com a-geyn to Porchestre, & brak þe walles, & brente þe estre: Al he brente, vp & doun, & chaced menexilde þe men. out of þe toun. Byforen hit was a godnoble. cite; Syn cam hit neuere to þat bounte. When he had destruyed þus Porchestre, Syþenþan. he wente to Wynchestre; Þer-inne he seged Arwygare, & alle þat euere wyþ hym ware. Gode engyns dide he make, Þe walles to breke, houses to schake. Arwygar heldyt a vylte, So seged in a toun to be, & seide 'he wolde nought þrynne lye, ' To wham-euere happedewho so fell to wyn. þe maistrie; ' Eyþer woldouþer wild. he wynne or lese los, ' Er he scholde more be halde inclos.'suld more be holden clos. He went out in-to þe feld, & alle his knyghtes wyþ sperehelm. & scheld; He batailled hem vnto þe fight, Wyþ archers gode, wel adight; Þe mene folk alle y fere Were wysly set in godwele sette on gode. manere. Bytwyxte þe partys was þer bot lyte Þat þey ne scholde to-gedere smyte. ¶ De consilio Sapientum Ciuitatis. Þe wyseste men of þat cite Conseilled hem how bestif better. myght be. Mykel þey dredde þer god to tyne, & slaughtre of þe folk, þe&. pyne; Þey saide, "þe pes were better to haue, " Our toun & oure godes to saue, " þen for to lyue in werre & stryf, " & lese oure godes, & tyne our lyf." Þey toke a man of honour, & sent hym to þe Emperour, To wite at hym wheþer þat he ches To haue þe werre oþer þe pees. Þenperour seide, als he þought, " Werre to haue wylnywild .I. nought, " Ne y ne ȝerne nought of ȝoure, " Bot þat Rome haue his honoure; " 2Ne y ne wilne wyþ no man fight, " So þat Rome mot haue his right."22-2P. omits these lines. Þey graunted alle at his auis, And sworen þe pees in boþe partys. ¶ Concordati sunt Inperator & Rex. Þe Emperour honured mykel þe kyng, & profred hym a ful fair þynge: " Sire kyng," he seide, "a doughter y haue, " & on þe y vouche hure saue " ȝyf þou wilt myn owenwill myn ow. bycome, " & ȝeld þy& ȝelde. truage vntil Rome." Arwygar graunted þer-to, & to þe trueto treuage. ȝeldyng al-so. In Wynchestre were þey hosteldwere ostiled. boþe, & frendes, þat er weren wroþe. Þemperour to Rome sent ffor Genwys, þat maiden gent. In dwellyng of þis messagers, Þey sampned knygtes & squyers; Wyþ gret host þey wente þer weye, & wonne þe ilde ofwan to Rome all. Orkeneye, & oþer ildes þat þer ware, Wyþ help ofhim was. sire Arwygare. Þis Claudyus regned y þat tyme— As seint Bede seys in his ryme— Syn Ihesu was born of oure leuedy, Þer fel ȝeresþer fele ȝers. sixe & fourty. Þis messegers þat went to Rome, Y þe somer a-geynin þe somores tide. þey come, & broughte þat maiden Genwys, Gentyl of body & fair of vis. Þen cam hom þemperour;þat tyme com þe emperour home. Þan mad þey myrthe in halle & bour.mirth þei mad at þer tocome. To wedde þat may in place auenaunt, Þe couenaunt to holde, siker þey& sikere. graunt, Vpon Seuerne, in o vale Þat riche was & ful ese,asasée (ensemencé, fertilisé), Wace, l. 5191. Bytwyxten Ingelond & Wales,— To telle ȝow þe soþefor to mene of þo. tales— Þat for þe worschip of þat may, A toun þey sette þer þat day.

P. inserts here ,—

Gloucestre first hight it þus. for þe emperour sir Claudius.

Þys Emperour gat þer a sone; Of þat child þe name we mone; Gloy he hight yhight born in. (Wace gives a prior alternative: because Claudius built Gloucester.) þat estre; ¶ And for þat Gloy, hat hit GLOUCESTRE Arwygar wedded þer Genwys, In Gloucestre, wyþ mykel pris; Þer was he corouned, & sche, Noblely wiþ solempnete; & when þe feste was brought til ende, Claudius to Rome ageyn gan wende. ¶ De aduentu Sancti Petry Apostoly. I fynde writen, ȝow to teche, Þat in Nero tyme seint Peter ganþat tyme ȝede saynt Petir to. (A cel terme, Wace, l. 5214.) preche. ffro Antyoche þat tyme he cam, Þorow prechyng brought hit to Cristendam, And was comen right in tolate to. Rome, And preched þere of Cristes dome. ¶ Whan gon was sire Claudyus, In Bretayne regned Arwygarus; Of hym self he let right mykel, Bot proud he was, & a partya partie. fykel; Þe truetreuage. to Rome gyue he nolde, ffor he dedeynedhe deyned not. of hem to holde; Þe Romayns þoughte an outrage So for to lese þer truage; ¶ Þey senten hyderafter. VASPASYAN, Maister of Rome was he þan. At Douere wolde he vp a-ryue; Þe kyng hit herde, & þyder gan dryue,— As hit ys founden inþe Latyn sais .I. wene. Ebru, Douere þen highte Reptupu,Ritipu.— Þer fended hedefended. Vaspasian þe lond. Þer sailles ageyn on mast þey wond, & seyled by þe landes syde Tyl Toteneys, þer gon þey ride. ffor þy now hit dide hemfond þei non þat did þam. (Ne trova qui li desfandist, Wace, i. 243, l. 5239. qued Þat þey hem so þatþam þe. lond furbed. Til OxenfordEssecestre, Wace, l. 5240; Exe|ter, Geoffrey, iv. 16. þey gon alle ride, To take þe toun y þe euentyde: 'Karphuelgoit' vponKarpenhuelgoit opon. (In Geoffrey, not Wace). Bretoun, On Englische, 'Oxenford' þe toun. Þe toun of þeym hadde no doute, Seuenyght þe seged hit wyþoute. Þe kyng, als sone as he myght, Oste gadred, & þider hym dight; Raþer ne myghtesonere ne mot he. þider wende; Bote atte seue nyghtesat þe seuen daies. ende, He com in a morwe tyde. Sone þey assembled on boþe& smyte togidere on ilk. syde, ffro morn til euen bataille þey nomen, Þat neyþer side was ouercomen; At euen þey ȝeden alle asonder; Al were þey wery, hit was no wonder. On þe morn, þo þat were lefte, Þey armed hem to bataille efte. ¶ Concordati sunt per Reginam. Bot þe quene, dame Genwys, Schescho. acorded boþe partys; Scheoscho. peyned hure acord to make, ffor loue of þe Romayns sake; Algate scheo peyned hure so, Tilþat. acord schescho. brought þem to. Al þe wynter scheoscho. dide þem byde, Til hit was towardþe. somertyde; Þe pes was take,þe pes þe granted. þe partys swore, Bot Vaspasian swor first byfore.& Vespasian to Rome fore. (Puis est à Rome repairiés, Wace, l. 5266.) Þe kyng, fro þat ylke day, Al his lyue ȝald Rome þer pay;P. leaves out the next four lines. Their subject is in Wace and Geoffrey. Hys oþ ne let he neuere falle, Bot ay worschiped Romayns alle, And wyþ help of Vaspasian Al Irlonde he wan;Geoffrey implies this: iv. 16. Þe folk, þe lond, he couþe wel loke; At Colchestre he lis,gode kyng he was. we fynde in boke. A bok, men calleþ hit Iuuenal,Geoffrey of Monmouth (iv. xvi.) notices Juvenal's mention of the famed Arviragus, Sat. iv. 26. Of stories hit spekeþ al, At Gloucestre, þer hit lys,it sais he lies. And þe quene, dam Genwys. Marius his sone, of Genewys born, Was kyng as his fader byforn. A myghtfulwilfull. man was Maryus, Of fair speche merueillous;Marius Rex. His ffader tyme he was atte Rome Wiþ þe kynde his moder of come. Wel he contened hym in his londe, Þer blessed hym boþ fre & bonde.þe folk serued him at hand. In Maryus tyme fel þis ferlyk: In Scotlond aryuedvpryued. a Peyt, Rodryk. King Peyt cam out of þe se,fre Cice. (Sice, Wace, l. 5286; Scythia, Geoffrey.) Þat neuere had mercy ne pite;a man he was full of malice. Mykel he loued to robbe & reue, Scotland to waste wold he nought leue. Als he wenteȝed. & robbede faste, Maryus mette hym atte laste; Marius had god folk ynow, & Peyt Rodryk smertly he slow. ffor þat Maryus slow þe Peyht, He dide þer set a ston þorow sleight, ffor to schewe his prowesse, & forto make þe menyng fresse; ffor in þe ston he dide be wryte, Whar-þorow euery& for þat writyng. man may wyte; Hit wytnesseþ þe& testemons þat. auenture, & telles þe disconfiture, How Marius slow þe Peyt Rodrik; Þe ston was set for þat ferlyk: Þo men þat weren, & ȝitþat þer woned &. are, Þey calle þat ston ȝit 'Westmare;' Þat contre folk seyenþe men of þat cuntre say. ilkon Þat te countreþat it. is cald after þe ston; ¶ ffor þe ston Westmare, WESTMORLAND; Þus in þe LatynGeoffrey of Monmouth, book iv. chap. xvii. writen y fand. When þat Rodrik þe Peiht was ded, Men gaf þe kyng Marius to red, ' To take þe Peihtes more & lesse, ' Deliuere hem a party of Catenesse ' To tyle & haue in heritage, ' ffor hit was bot wast & sauage.' Þey herborwedþe herberd. þem þer euery where, In stedes ese, þat best were. Wymen of Bretayne wolde þey haue, Bot þe Bretons vouched noughtnon. saue; Þey dide hem in til Irland, & tok þer wyues at herat þer. hand; Of twoof þo tu. kyndes, Iris & Peiht, Sorewe & tene hit broughteire & tene es wele. on height. Marius þe kyng, in his lyf her, Lyuede nyne & fourty ȝer;régna longement, Wace, i. 247, l. 5322. Buried he was in Salesbury, Þat standes on a playne ful mury. After Marius þan lyuede longe,Coyl Rex. Coyl his sone þat land gan fonge; He was norysed y þe touncourte. of Rome; Inof. alle lawes he gaf right dome; Þey of Rome louede hym wel, ffor þey hym founde as trewe as stel. Coyl couþe of many queintise, And manie artes of seeron sere. wyse; He was neuere nygon ne nyce, Ne neuere vsed yuel vice;non ill vyce. Ten ȝer he regned her al fully;wele & riche. At Norwiche byried ful worþyly.he ligges biried at Norwiche. Lucius primus Rex Christianus. After þis gode kyng Coylus, Regned his sone sire Lucius; He was large & curteys, And firste Cristen kynge, men seis. Al þis land so fair and fre,re Lucius Bretannie. Þorow hym was brought to Cristiente. Whan he herde þe lawe of Crist, How in his name [men]in his men. were baptist, Of his miracles men spake ryf, & of þapostles holy lyf, & als how God for þeym wrought Þat to Cristendam wer brought, He sent þe Pope Eluthere,Papa Euleutherius. (In a later hand.) Bysoughte hym as his fader dere To sende hym a man myght hym baptyze, Of Cristes lawe lere hym þe wyse. When þe Pope herde þat tydynge, He þanked Iesu, heuene kynge, Þat in his tyme he wolde so wyrche, Brytaigne to brynge to holy chirche. Two clerkes he sente hider to preche— Bisschopes þe were, þe lawe to teche,— Þat oþe to. clerk highte sire Duman, Þat oþer men calde Bisschop ffagan,Matan, MS. du Roi 27; Fagan, MS. du Roi 75153.3. Colb.; Wace, i. 248. l. 5349. Faganus, Geoffrey. Þyse to bisschopes baptized þe kynge & alle his menmeigne. at her comynge. Þorow þe kyng & hiskyng had. grauntise Þey ordeyned þe lawe inas þe lawe is &. right assise; Þei ordeigned ilkaMS. illa. bischop þer se,Ordeyned þei Archbisshop see. (Lamb. MS. follows Wace.) & Erchebischopes abouen hem to be.& bisshopes vndere þam to be. In hys tymeþis lond. were temples olde, The eight and twenty flamens are in Geoffrey (chap. xix.) but not the next line.Eyght & twenty flaminsgrete. men tolde,— Þe Latyn calleþsais þe. temple 'flamins,'— Somme of Mahoun, & somme of Appoll[i]ns, Somme of Dyane, somme & of Berit.— TwoGeoffrey makes three: the third at the City of Legions, chap. xix. arche flaminus were þeyþer. ȝit; At Londone was þer chef flamee,þe archeflame. & at ȝork þat oþer se; Þe oþere flamins in londe ware Als þe bischopes sees now are. Þyse temples of Maumetries Þey turned alle fro þer eresyes, & halewode þemhalowed þam. to Cristes werk, & ordeyned kirkes, prest,with preste. & clerk, Landes, rentes, lyght & catel, Þat to þo temples langed orlonged &. fel, & al oþer aportynaunce, He gaf hit to þer sustenaunce: To a dyocise langed a cite, & ordened paroschensparisches. (parosces, Wace, l. 5365.) for to be. To parsones & to vicaries Was graunted grete seignuryes. When Bretayne was Cristen al, & þe newe lawe was brought to stal, Ioyful was sire Lucyus, Þat sey þe folk al turnesawe þe folk turned. þus. In Cristene lawe, als he hym ches, Þer-inne he ended in godgodes. pes; At Gloucestre he deide, & þer [he] lys,London he died & þer he lies. & his soule wente to Paradis. Þe date of Crist, men seid þotold so. her, Was an hundred & fyuesex. (sis, Wace, l. 5387.) & fifty ȝer. Wyþouten heyr Lucyus ys ded. Þen couþe þe Bretons þer-of no red: Wo was hem he hadde non heyr! To haue a lord þey were in speyr;to be þer lord had þei no speire. [þe were bigan omang þam alle, to whom þe seignorie suld falle.]From the Petyt MS. ffro lond to. la[n]d, fro man to man, ¶ Of þat to Rome tydynge ran, Þat ded was sire Lucyus, & þat we werreyed amonge vs.MS. he werreyed ageyns. P. reads, we wered amang. Þey chose Sauer, a senatour,:emperour: & made hym maister & gouernour;Sauerus Inperator. He broughte hider two Legions. Þe Bretons to þeym were felons; Sauer werreyed on þem faste, Manye he conquered & caste, & ffele oþere hadde disdeyn ffor to halde of any Romayn; Vmwhile þey faught, vmwhile fleand; Sauer þey[m]Seuere þam. chaced to Scotland. Þen chose þe Bretons þeym a kynge:ffulgencius Rex. ¶ ffulgence he highte, a gret lordyng; He felawed hym& folowed þam. wyþ þe Peytes, As Pis se sont acompagnié, Si se sunt ensamble aloié. Wace, i. 251, l. 5412-13. Þat euere were ful of deseites;lefe to fehtes. Outlandeis þat were ffledde, Alle swilk wyþ þeym þey ledde; In a conrtre þey didecuntre men did. gret schame; DeneDeire. was þenne þer-of þe name. ffro Scotland in to Þurlewal,vnt Thrilwall. Peytes landes þey telde hit al.Peihtlond þei told it all. ffulgence southewarde hym hasted, Þe lond al aboute was wasted; Sauer fledde southeward ageyn; Þe Peites robbed & made al pleyn. ffulgence wyþ Peytes on hem þeywhan Seuere had folk on þam eft. ran, Bot þe Peyte fledde ilk a man;— Som tyme wolde þey bataille abide, & som tyme fledde on ilka syde; Bot ofte dide þey Sauer tene, ffulgence wiþ þe Peytes kene. Longe dured þat reuery,robberie. Þat Sauer mought neuere come þem by, Til he dide make an ouerthwert dik, Bitwyxte to sees a ful gret strik; & þer-on a pale wel y-poynt,palis with poynt (palis, Wace). Þykke & hey, ful wel y-ioynt, & closed þat side of þe lond; Ouerthwert, Est & West hit bond. Syn þat tyme hit was in-clos, Neuere non of alle his foos Durste non of þeym ferþer fele, Ne by þat side robbe ne stele. ffulgence tok conseil at wyse, & of Peytesat þe Peihtes. & oþere of hyse, To werre ȝit more vpon Sauer, & hym to chace fer & ner.& robbe & reue hym full nere. Til Peytes he gaf gyftes grete, & preied hem þey scholde noughtþam þei wild not. lete To gaderebot gadred. a god compaygnie Towardon. þe se in his nauie. When þey hadde gadered þer host, & schipes by þe sein his schippes bi þe sees cost, Þe host was schiped, & went to se,in stedes þer þei sawe ese. & aryued vp y þe beste contre, & byseged ȝork al aboute. Al þe contre til hym gan loute; He sente to grete lordynges, & het & gaf hem riche þynges. ffor fair hot, & giftes þat þey tok, Þemperour Sauer þey forsok. Sauer tok hise oþer Bretons, & asembledgadred togidere. his legions; Toward ȝork faste þem dight, To remueremoue; and omits the next two lines. hem he hadde tyght. When þey were comen wyþynne a lyte, Þe batailles gonne to-gedere smyte; ffellyk þey foughte, for þer was slayn On eyþer syde þeir cheftayn; ffulgence was first feld to grounde, & Sauer was slayn on a stounde. Þe Romayns for Sauer bysought, So þat his body to ȝork was brought, & biried þer solempnely, & his oþer frendes hym by. Not in Geoffrey either.Þis ilke enperour Sauer Regned her seuentene ȝer: Syn Crist camwas born. of þe vyrgyne, Nyne score ȝer euene, & nyne, Of þys Sauer þat deide þere, Tweye knaue childre were; Þat on men calde Bassian, Þat oþer had to name Cetan.Gelan. CetanGelan. moder was a Romayn, Comenof men; and after l. 5881 re|peats lines 5878-9 on of gode knyght & swayn. Bassan was born of a Brette; Þe Bretons of hym þe bettere lette. Þe Romayns toke þis ilke Cetan,Gettan. & corouned hym, & bycomecom. hys man. Þe Bretons wiþ Bassan helde, & of þe roeme highte hym þe schelde. Þen ilkon in þer party Held wyþ his kynde doughtyly: Al þus wyþ meggeþus gate with mengyng. (ensi ot por l'eslection, Wace, i. 255, l. 5486.) & wiþ monge Bytwixt hem wax þer werre stronge; Ilkon ouer oþer so lange þeyalgate ilk oþer so long ouer. ran, Þat atte laste slayn was Cetan.Getan. ¶ Þe Bretons, eft sones þey ches Bassan kyng, & hadde þer pes.Bassan Rex. ¶ A ladde was y þys londe, of fame, KaraucyusCharais, Wace. Cp. 'Karas,' below. þen was his name;Karaucius Hardy he was, & ful connynge,& conand.Maledictus. Stalworthe of body, & wel fightynge;fightand. In many nedes assayed he was; Of prowesse men preised þys Karas; Born he was of pouerepure. lynage, & litel he hadde of heritage. Gretter & fairerfairer & better. stat he held, Þan wolde his rentes,þan he rent had. or land in feld; Grete emprises he durst vndertake; More louede he þe werre þan þes to make. I þe se to wende, þenne was doute, Maryners robbed þe ildes aboute; Mighte atte hauenes reste neduelle no. be, ffor outlandesmen þat come by se. Karaucius þenne hym by-þought, Þe senaturs of Rome heMS. þey, but þ altered to h. he, P. sought, & tolde hem þat outlandes flet Bretaygne alle aboute biset, & seide "ȝif ȝe wil gyue me leue " Þe robbours o þe se to greue, " & gyue chartre of a-vowerye,chartire & auourie. " Þe se to loke wyþ myn nauie, " I scholde ȝow warante ȝoureI sall þam warant þorgh. truage, " Þat non outlandeys scholde make passage." Þey graunted hym þen leue to haue, So þat he schulde þer truage saue; Chartre þey gaf hym wiþ her sel, So þat he scholde to þeym beo leel.þat he suld to þam be leale. Karres his leue atte RomaynsMS. Romayms. nam, & schewed [þe]þe. chartre þer he cam; Sonequicly. gat he hym mariners, Wiþ schipes, barges, & balyngers.schippes gode busses coggers. He desireddisherited. men þat were fledde, Þeues & robbours, swylk he ledde, Yuel dedyill dedy. men þat were wight, Of Outlandes alþo. þat he myght; Of swylk he gadered compaignies, Born & norysched in felonyes. Whan þis Karraus had gadered himgeten him. ost, Of manye a land he serched þe cost; ffro on ilde til oþer he ȝede, Of no þynge ne hadde þeywas it non þat þei ne had. drede; Men he robbed, & landes wasted, ffrom o stede til oþerfro a stede till anoþer. he hasted; To ney neygheburs, & ferþerneihburs nere & fer. fro, Til alle he dide skaþe & w[o]; Al he tok þat he myght take, He nolde mesure tomesure wild he. no man make; Þat Outlandeys byforn had left,De fide ffracta. He spared non, bot alle he reft. To saue þe folk, Carrays was sworn, Bot he was worse þan oþer byforn; fful mykel he wan, ȝit ȝernde he more, ffor his folk woxe & spredde ay whore; Casteles & tounes doun he þrew; ffor lord, he wolde þat alle hym knew. So fer he sayledfarde. to wynne hym wayne, Atte laste he aryued inin þis. Bretaigne; Pryuely wiþ þe Bretons he spak, & seide, "ȝe se nought ȝoure lak! " ȝour kyng can nought hym seluen were! " Bot ȝyf ȝe wyl me god feiþ bere, " Y scholde deliuere ȝow out of peynes,I. suld delyuere ȝow of þe Romeyns. " And al ȝour land of ȝour Romaynes.all þis lond of þar dimeyns." He ȝede to þe Peytes, & seide hem þe same; ȝif þey wolde alle wyþ o name Make hym kynge of þempyres, He wolde þem make lordes & syres. þo were þe Peytes wyþ þe kyng pryue, & in þys lond gret plente; And Karays wyste þat þey were fykel, Þerfore he glosed hem, & gaf hem mykel, & þey highthette. hym wyþouten faille, ȝyf he wyþ þe kynge tok bataille, Tyl Kareys party schold þey go, And þe kyng desconfite & slo. ¶ Decepcio Pyctorum. Whan þey had alle Karays y-highte, Bretons & Peytes help at her myghte, Bassian he gan defye, & wiþ foule wordes hym descrie.wordes ascrie. So longe lasted þer manace, To bataille þey comen in towere þei brouht in. place:

The Petyt MS. inserts—

Karais partie dred not þe kyng. ne Bassian Karais no þing.

Bassan affied hym o þe Peytes, In bataille þey knewe manyInouh of bataile þei couth. sleightes, Þer-fore his trist was on þeym more Þan on alle þo þat þer wore. ffor he god trist to þem hadde, Richely often þeym he cladde; & als þe partys gaf bataille, Iusted & chased, & gon assaille, Þys ilke Peytes were traytours, Ageyn þe kynge turned y þe stours, & wyþ Karays partye held, & traysched þe kyng right in þe feld, And slowe þe kyng, sire Bassian, & alle his folk, ylk a man. Þus þey traisched hym in nede, Sire Bassian þat dide þem fede; & Karays lyghtli wan þe lond; Agayns hym no party he ne fond. Karays gaf hem, for þer seruise, Among þe Scottes gret ffraunchise; So þat Pictes & þe Scottes kynde Ar now al on, as men fynde. Allectus & Walwus, Romany, venerunt. Whan þey of Rome tydyng herde Þat Karays wiþ Bretaygne þus ferde,with þis lond misferd. Þey sente hider þretuo. trois, Wace, i. 260. legions, Wyþ to of þer bolde barons; Allectus & Walwes þer nameAllet & Gallus þer names. hyght, Wysemen of werre, & hardy in fight.hardy & wight. Þey come pryuelycom vp ryuand. out of þe se, Bot Karays wolde haue reft hem þeir entre; Bot maugre Karreys, on hym þey wan, And slowe Karreys þe false man,þat falsnes gan. & alle þat weren of his kynde, Destruyed hemstroyed þam. by rote & rynde, & alle þo þat þe Romayns forsok, And til Kareys party tok. ¶ De electione Regis Asclypidot in parliamento. Þe Bretons seye þe Romayns aboue, And Romayns myghte þey neuere loue; ffayn wold þey þer fredam fende,P. transposes this line and the next. Truage to Rome wold þey non sende; After þe barons þo þey sent, To chesen at þat Parlement A kyng þat myghte ageyn þeym vaille, Asclipedot, Erl of Cornewaille. Whan he was chosen, he dide somoune Alle þe Bretons fro toune to toune, 1Þat alle þat myghte wepene welde, To bataille schold come, þat were of elde,11-1 all suld com þat were of elde. to bataile go or wapen welde. To Londone ageyn Allectus, & his felawe sire Walwus.Gallus. ¶ De Bello inter Romanos & Regem apud Londonium. A day þe Romayns made sacrifise I þe temple, as was [þer] gyse.þer wise. Right in þeire solempnete, Byseged þe Bretons þeir cite; Þe Romayns herde noise & cry, & cried "as armes!" on hy, on hy,has armes all on hy. And dide þem out in to þe felde, & baldely on þem self gon belde, & foughten wyþ þe Bretons faste. Bot þe Romayns route to-braste; ffor Alectus dideside.; & his mene ȝede al doun, & moughte nought fle; Alle þat were on þat party, Ascaped þer non by stret ne sty. Sire Walwes seyGallus sawe. þeir side ȝed doun; By tyme he fledde in to þe toun, & þe gates after þem sperde. To karnels & to þe walle [t]hey ferde, & to þe toures coptoure vp. on hey, & dide þe Brutons holde þem a dreigh.o drie. Asclipedot þat was wyþoute, Saw þe Romayns hadde no doute; His lettresbrefis. he dide write & sende After mo bretons fer & hende, Þat þey scholde come & sege make Aboute Londone, Romayns to take. ffor þe sonde of sire Asclipidot, Come Walschemen & many a Scot; On ilka syde alle þey cam, Þat langed vnto þe kynedam. Engyns didebarfreis did. þe Bretons reyse, & mangenels ful gode to preyse, & ffruscht þe wal of þe cite; Wyþ strengþe on þeym þey had entre. Þen myghte men se þe Romayns deye, & on hepes leye byligge in. ilka weye; Neuere byfore swylk slaughter was Of [þe]þe. Romayns at no pas. Þe Romayns þat were so schent, To priue forteletsforceletes. þey went, ffro þe Bretons for to hyde, Þer lif to lengþe ay byside;be tide. Bot þe Bretons helden hemþam so. streyt, Þey ascaped nought for no deseyt. Sory was Walwes, &vnglad was Gallus he. made his mone, & preyed vn-tosaid vnto. þe Bretons ilkone, " Lordynges, wol ȝe let me go " Vnto Rome þer y cam fro, " & my men for to saue? " O legion, & namo, wold y craue.a legion no mo we haue. " Þo þat mystaken haue, more or lesse,a legion mo ne lesse. " ffor þeym ask y forgyuenesse, " & let vs senglely a-weywith lyfe & lymme away to. fare " Out of þys lond for euere mare." Þe Bretons graunted þem þer bone, & þe Romayns ȝolde þem sone. Out of þe tours þey come al doun, To þe pes in-to þe toun; & als þe Romayns ȝolden were, Þe Wa[l]ssche & Scottesþe scote þe walsh. wyþ al þer here Comen wyþ gret noise & hew;hu. Tok þey no tent to pes ne trew;toke þe no tent of pes ne tru. Of the Romayns þey smyten ilkan heued, Lord ne ladde was þer non leued.bileued. WalwesGallus. þey tok, al his vnthank, & leddym to Atyngal, ahim till a. brokes bank; Þer left he his heued,his hede gird of. he was þe last; His body in to Atyngal cast.in to þe broke kast. & for he in þat water lay, Þe riueres name was turnd þatþe broke men call to þis. day; On Englische tonge hit hat Walbrok,on Inglis Gualebroke. ffor þat Walwes his deþ þer tok. ¶ Þenne regned Asclipedot; Neyþer was henouþer he lufed. schrewe ne sot. Gret feste he held at hys coronynge, & ten ȝer he regned kynge. ¶ De Dioclisiano Inperatore.maximo persecutore Christianorum. (In a later hand.) In his tyme was an Emperour Dioclisian, a werreour, He sente hider Maximian; & struyde & slow ilk Cristenman. Þat he on þys half Moungowmon Giu, Wace; Mons Jovis. See p. 116, noteor in.. fond, Til he come vntil þys lond, Al he destruyed, & broughte to schame, Þat cristned were in Iesu name. Dioclisien, on his partie, To Cristenmen dyde felonye; Vnder hym & Maxymian Þey slowe at VerolameWritten over an erasure. seinther was slayn sayn. Alban, & seint Iue & seint Aroon. Þo were in ware atin Wales in Kaerlion. Kerlyon, Þe byschop wyþ alle þe clergie Þat leued in Iesu oror in. Marie, Alle þey slowe þat þey fond, fful fewe ascaped fro þer hond;bot if any ascapid þe lond. So fele were neuere slayn in stour Of corseyntzcorsayntes. vnder emperour. Þat ȝer þe date of Iesu wex, ¶ . Two hundred ȝer, four score & sex. ¶ De Rege Coele, Patre Sancte Elene. In ColchestreWace says 'Hoël . . . . . de Gloe|'cestre;' but R. Brunne is right by Geoffrey of Monmouth. wasterwas. a lordyng, Of wham þe toun hadde gynnynge; S[i]re Coel his name hight, Of noble lynage, a man of myght; He werreyedwered. on Asclipedot, ffor he had born hym as a sot, & suffred to mykelsuffred mykell. Maximian, Þat he þorow þe lond so ran, Þe Cristene blod for to slo; Þer-fore were þe Bretonsþe Bretons were wroþe. wo. ffor Asclipedot bar hym nought wel,P. transposes these lines. Þer-fore corouned þei sire Coel.P. transposes these lines. When Maximien was gon to Rome, On Asclipedot toke þey dome; Sire Coel hym in bataille slow, ffor he fro Maximien hym yuel wyþdrow.him drouh. Þis Coel hadde a doughter fair, Of clergie [sc]he couþe,of clergie couth. (A.-Sax. heo, she.) & was his ayr; Sone ne doughter had he namo Þat þe heritage myghte to go, Scheo was to hure fader ferly dere; He dide maistres hure for to lere, Þat scheo moughte betterescho couth. þe lond ȝeme, & lord to take, as hure wolde byseme;þat hir wild queme. Þys ilke mayden highte ELEYNE, A ful god woman, & a certeyne. Þe Romayns herde, & were fayn, Þat Asclipedot was so slayn; Þey sente hider a man of pris, Constancius, þat was nobleConstancius both ware. (Cos|tans, Wace, i. 266.) & wys; Al Spayne he had wonnen to Rome, Þorow truage al at her dome; Was noman þanne of his bounte, Þat men wiste, so mikel as he. Þys Constant þat þus wan Spayne, He aryued her in Brutaigne. Choel, þat wiste his comyng, He dredde CostantConstant. ouer alle þyng; Coel sent til hym messegers, & seide 'he wolde on faire maners ' Holde of hym, ȝif þat he wylde, ' & redyly his truage ȝelde.' CostantConstant. seide he wolde skyl, & consented tilconsentid to. his wyl; Þe Romayns seydesawe. þey were aboue, & fayn þey were of pees & loue. Was hit nought a monþe long, Sire Coel tok an yuel strong; Eyghteaght. dayes lay he, & namo, & deide, & wente þer we schal go.siþen died as we sall do (not in Wace or Geoffrey). Constant saw þys ilke Eleyne,— Þis lond was al of hure demayne,— Saw þat scheo was ferly wys, And of beute bar þe prys; Hym þoughte he myghte wel behe þouht him self wele. byset To wedde þat mayde, & bate baret. Þen was he kyng, & scheo quene. A knaue child com þer hemwas þam. bytwene; CONSTANTYN was his name ytold; & when he was enleuen ȝer old, His fader fel in a seknesse, Þat to þe deþded. hit made hym stresse. When ConstantMS. Constantyn. had y-madConstant had don: and leaves out the next four lines. his fyn, In Euerwyk toun þey byried hym fful ryaliche wiþ gret honur, ffor he was a worþy emperour. When þenterement was done, Constantyn his sone þey coronede sone;þei crouned his sone Constantyn. & þe more he wax inwhan he was wele of. age, Þe bettere loued hym yswele lufed him his. baronage; God chiualrie til hym heGode knyghtes to him. drow, ffor he was large, & gaf ynow; ȝif his fader were of bounte, ȝit was þe sone wel more þan he. Þis Constantyn was man of queyntise, Þer-wyþ he was a noble iustise;P. puts this line two lower. In his ȝouthe he was als wys As elder were y þer moste pris. ffor his moder, he loued Bretons; ffor his ffader, of Rome al þe barons; Of þyse two kyndes he was born, And of þe noblest men byforn. ¶ De Constantino, filio Constanty & sancte Elene. At Rome was þenne an Emperour Þat dide þe Romayns gret desonour; His name was Maxencius, Proud, & fers,proude. stoute. & malicious; He wasted þe honur of þe toun, Þe noble men he brought þem doun, Þe ordre of þer sene abated he, & reft hem þeir dignite. Somme þat hated hym of þo, Left þer fes,feez. dide hem to go Hider to Bretaygne, til Constantyn. ffor he was born of þeyr lyn, Þey preied hym he wolde make defens, & abate þe pruyde of Maxens, Bysoughte as he was, worþy knyght, Of þer sene to holde vp þe ryght. Þe Bretons alle preied hym so, Wyþ hym þey wolde concente þer to. Longe þey preied, bot at þebisouht & he at. ende He graunted þeym þider to wende; He tok wyþ hymhe dight his folk. knyghtes & squiers, Men wiþ bowes & arblasters,with alblastes & oþer archers. & his moder ful wyshis moder eames wys men. of dome; Wyþ hym wente þey alle vntil Rome. ffor þey were men of honurs, He dide hem y þe ordre of senaturs; Þat on highte sire Huwelyn,Leonyn. (Lohélius, Wace.) Þat oþer Iohern,'þat oþer' is dotted under, as if for omission, in the Lambeth MS. The Petyt reads þe toþer Trahern (L'altre Trahens, Wace). (See Tra|herne here, lines 6259-64,&c., below.) Geoffrey (v. 8) gives only Leolin, Trahern, and Marius, three uncles of Helena. Eroert, &þe þrid. Maryn; Wardeyns he ordeined gode &left gode. certeyn, Þis lond to kepe til he com ageyn, When Constantyn to Rome cam, Þe maistrie fro Maxcence he nam, And was hym selue emperour, & Maxcence doun wiþ deshonur.R. Brunne leaves out Wace's seven lines (i. 270) on the finding of the Cross by Helena. Til sire HuelynLeonyn. he gaf a wyf, Of noble kynde was sche ryf: Of þat wyf, sire HuelynLeonyn. wan A child men calde Ma[x]imian.Maximian. ¶ De Rege Octauo.This heading is two lines lower in the MS. I þe wardeyns tymethis wardeyns. þat Constantyn tok Þe Bretons for to lok, Com Octauus, an erl of Walys, & sesed þys lond, boþe dounes & dales. Þy[s] erl of Walysþis Octauus. was man of myght, In Bretayne he cleymed ryght; Wardeyns & schirreues he slow, Baillifs, bedeles, dide schame ynow. Bot Constantyn to Rome was went, Til gretter nedes he gaf his tent; He ne myghte þenne on none wyse Hyder come to make iustise; He sendesent. hider sire Traherne, Þe lond to kepe & to gouerne. Two legions wiþ hym he ladde,P. omits these lines. Toward Bretayne þey hem spedde;P. omits these lines. At an hauen þat þey fond, Sire Traherne tok þysþe. lond. To WynchestrePorcestre, Wace, l. 5866, who makes another march on Winches|ter, l. 5870. R. Brunne follows Geoffrey. wente þissir. Trahere, Two dayes he soiourned þere, & to hym he dide hemto him þe toun he did. ȝelde; By þer willes þey ne wolde; Maugre þeires, þey ȝolde þeȝald þat. estre. Syþen he ȝedeȝode. to Wynchestre; Sire Octauus wiþ many a scheld Was byforn hym in þe feld, & gaf til hym bataille stout. Þe Romayns ofte perced þe rout;Romeyns perced þorghoute. Octauus grettere force hadde, So þat þe Romayns route to-schadde,alto schad. & dide hem to þe hauene fle, Vntil þer schipes on þe se. Þey sette vp sail heye on mast, Toward þe northe þey seyled fast; In Scotlond aryued,he ryued in Scotland. & logged his ost, & pylede & robbedrobbed & reft. at ilka cost. Til Octauus sone com tydand Þat Trahern robbed in Scotland. Octauus gadered host ay whare, & hyed hym faste þat he were þare; Oft he seyde wyþ grete pryde Þat Trahern schold nought dur abide; Bot his ouerwenyngouerhope. gan faille; Trahern stod, & bodstode vnto. bataille, & dide Octauus for to fle; In to Norweye ouer þe se. Octauus þenne fledde for ferd; He spak vntil þe [kinge] Comperd,vnto kyng Comperde. ffor help & socour he preydesocour for. ȝerne, To wynne þe lond of sire Traherne. Pryuely he sent to þis lond ageyn, To þo þat were til hym certeyn, Þat þey scholde fonde on alle wyse To sle Traherne wiþ som queyntise. Þat tyme spedde Traherne wel ynow;Rex Tra|hernus. ¶ Ageyn to þe southe Traherne drow, & dide hym coroune kyng to be, & regned wiþ solempnete. A day toof. Londone he scholde out ryde; His ffomen a-spied wel what tyde; Enbusched þeym by þat strete Þer þey hoped þe kyng to mete. Sire Traherne of non hym dredde, Þer-fore no folk wyþ hym ne ledde; At a passage as he went, Þey breken of þeyr enbuschement;put þam of þer bussement. Þo þat hym hated for Octauus Slowenslouh. þer sire Trahernus. ffor Octauus þey sendesent. þer sonde, & sesed hym eft in to þe londe, & corouned hym als he was er; & alle þat comen wyþ Traher, Euerilkon heþei. dide þem slo; Ascaped non bot wyþ wo; Syþen in pes þe lond gan welde, & longe lyuede til gretto right gode. elde. ¶ De consilio Octaui per Karadukum. Whan he had regnedregned in. þis lond her, Þe tyme of to & þrittyMS. ȝritty. P. þritty. ȝer, He sey þat of hym camsawe of him was. non eyr Bot a maiden child right feir; He asked who moughte his doughter haue, Þis lond for to loke & saue. ffele of his frendes seid hisgaf. reson, To sende to Rome for a baron, His doughter for to gyue to wyue; So myghte þey pes haue in þer lyue. Oþer þer were þat loued Conan, Þe kynges cosyn, a noble man; Þey conseilled to make hym ys eyr, He myghte best, in þeir espeir.þis was þer speire. Þen spak þe Erl of Cornewaille, Sire Karaduk: he seide, 'saunz faille ' He ne wolde nought conseille þer-to, ' fforne. hit were nought wel to do, ' To make his eir sireheir to mak his cosyn. Conan; " Bot sende after Maxymian, " Þe eldest sone of Huelyn,leonyn. " EleynesHeleyn. cosyn, & Constantyn: " His fader ys Breton, þatþis. is certayn, " & on his moder side Romayn; " Gif hym þy doughter in mariage; " Wys man he is, & wel of age. " ȝif þou gaf hit vntil Conan, " & maried þy doughter to anoþer man, " He scholde fonde, when he myghtsuld fond whan he mot. wel, " Þe lond of hym to wynne ilk del; " He scholde þenke, & ful wel myght, " Þat hit scholdeþe lond suld. be his þorow ryght; " Bot ȝyf ȝe do as y ȝow seye, " Of pes ys þer non oþer weye." Þe kyng held hym to þat conseil; Þer-fore bygan þer a tyrpeyltirpeile. (Fr. trepel, Wace, l. 5967.) Bytwyxt Conan & Karaduk; ffor Conan gan þat oþerþe [on] to þe toþer. rebuk, & reuiledConan stouted. hym wyþ wordes þore; & ȝif he had durst, he wolde more. Sire Karaduk held ful litelhad litell. awe Of his manace or of his sawe. Þe kyng bisoughte sire Karaduk To sende to Rome his sone Maurik/, & preye hym vpon alle þynge Maxymian to Bretaigne brynge. Whan Mauryk was to Rome y-comen, He saw þat gret party was nomen Bytwixten þis Maximian & Valentyn & Gracian: Þey stryue to haue þe empire; Þe breþere hadde þer partie most seure.þe breþer þe better partie. Sire Maurik þer Maximian fond, & teldymtold him. he was of þys lond; Anon he bad him, "take leuebad him leue all þat. of Rome, " & vntil Bretaygne smertly come, " Þe kynges doughter for to take; " Þou may þy party þe better make." ¶ De Maximiano Rege. When Maximian þis tydynges herde, Wiþ ioye to Bretayne wyþ Maurik [he]he. ferde: Was non abyd ne no dwellynge Til Maximian com to þe kynge. Maximian at Southaumptoun gan ryue, & asked þe kynges doughter to wyue. Þan was Octauus al at ese; Of his doughter he dide hym sese, Wiþ al þe reome& alle rengne. ilkadel, & bad hym richely regne, & wel. ¶ Conan was wroþ, & made gret bost, He alyed hym to þe Scottes cost; Octauus, his em, he gan manace, & Maximien wiþto. werre dide chace; Bot Maximian gaf nought of hym; He stod ageyn Conan ful grym. fful often Conan of hym wan, So dide of hym Maximian:— Hit ys þer chaunce þat werre bygynne, Vmwhile to lese, vmwhilesom tyme to lose som tyme. to wynne.— Whan þei to-gedere had werreyed longe, Men of gode ȝede þeym amonge, Dide þem acorde in loue & pes, So þat Maximian nought ne les; He highte hym, for his emeshe het him þan for his eam. sake, A riche man he scholde hym make. Þre'five' says Geoffrey. ȝer in pes, wyþouten fight, He drow to tresour þat he myght; He seide he wolde assaye þewild stande to. chaunce, Ouer se to wende, & wynne ffraunce, & fro þenne wende tofro þien vnto. Rome, Of his enemys to make dome, And of alle þat wyþ hem helde, Ageins hym fyghtynge in [þe]agayn him fightand in þe. felde. ¶ De nauigacione Maximiani versus Armoricham. When he had folk, & was redy, To schipe þey wente hastily. Toward south-west þey passed þe se, Aryued vp in a contre; Armoriche was þenne þe name, Bot now hit haþ an oþer fame. Humbald was þer-in lord & sire, Of Armoriche he held þenpire; He dide somoune alle his barons, A-wey to chace, & felleto chace away. þe Bretons. Þe Bretons were of wel more myght; Humbaldes men þey slowe doun right, Þey naddehad. no force to turne agein; Alle þey fledde, knyght & swayn; Bot fiftene þousand wer þer slayn. & Maximien gan turneMS. turned. ageyn, & ioyful was þat he so spedde:— Þat lond held women, þe men were fledde:—had wonnen þe folk was fled. He tok sire Conan by þe hond,hande. & on hym low wyþ god semblaunt/;louh with faire semblande. " Conan," he seide, "þou art doughti; " To manne Armoricheto haf a reume. þou were worthi. " Sestow now þis faire contre, " fful plentyuous & ful ayse;wele ese. " Þe lond to tyle, god ys to wynne; " Wodes, watres, ynowe þer-ynne, " fforestes fulle of ful fayr dere, " ffresche ryuers ese & ner; " Y ne sey nere in alI. sawe neuer in. my lyue " A fairer lond, ne moreso faire a lond ne so. plentyue. " On þe, Conan, y vouche hit saue, " Þat þou hit welde wyþ ioye, & haue. " Bretaygne þe grete was þe het, " & on þe hit were ful wel byset; " Bot for me þou hast hit lorn, " Þer-fore to me yuel hastowill will to me þerfor has. born; " ffor-gyue me now ilk a del, " & haue þis lond, & brouk hit wel. " Þis ys þe hestehete. (see l.6405-6.) þat y þe hight; " & bettere y wolde, ȝyf þat y& better sall whan .I. haf.One stroke too many in the MS. m. myght; " Þys lond we schollesall. clense of þyse, " Þen schullesall. þe Bretons þe lond iustise; " Non oþer folk schullesall. dwelle þer-ynne; " Þen may þou weldit alweld þe lond. wyþ wynne." Conan of hym receyued þe gyfte, & Maximian to kyng hym lyfte; And Conan made hym þer fewte, Of hym to holde hit euere yn fe.hold all his fe. ¶ Brytannia Mynor conquesta est per Maximianum. ¶ Maximian spak to þe kyng: " Þis lond is Bretones wynnyng, " & for þat ilke encheson " Þat hit is conquered þorowconquest þorgh. Bretoun, " Hit schal hote þe Lesseit sall hate lesse. Bretayne, " And we Bretons to be cheuentayne;cheiftayn. " And y comaunde ȝow alle oliche,onlyche. " Þat noman calle hit Armoriche." ffro þat day vntil þis same, Of Armoriche hit loste þe name; & now ys hit cald Bretaigne wyþ alle; I trowe þat name schal neuere falle. Maximien, til his demeynes He sesed þe faire cite of Reynes. Þat were þer-ynne, þe toun þenne left, Durste neuere non of þeym ryse efte. Maximian þeþat þe. lond tok, Tounes & casteles dide he lok;constables castels did loke. ffaire countres ouer al he fond, Bot þer were none myghte tyle þe lond; He þoughte he wolde to Bretaigne sende After men, boþe sibbe & fremde, Þe lond to multeplie & to tyle,& forto puplise þe lond & tile. Þat oþer þer-to ne scholde haue skyle. He dide come of pore pedaille An hundred þousand þat myghte trauaille, 2To laboure & to tyle þer fode; Wyþ þritty þousand men of armes gode, Þe londe fro enemis to fende & were, Þat Vtlandeys scholde þem nought dere.22-2 & þritty þousand of knyghted gode. to fende þam to tile þer fode. Þenne was Conan corouned kyng, & hadde þe regne al in kepynge, Þer-ynneþer for. to lyue & to deye, And Maximian wente forþ his weye. Als he wente, Maximian, ffraunce & al Lorreynelorenge. he wan. Hym þoughte hit was nought ȝit ynow; To Rome he þoughte, & þider he drow; He þoughte to venge hym þenne of þo Þat greued hym at Rome, when he scholde go,whan he Rome first ȝede fro. & þo breþere to brynge to yuelille. fyn, Boþe Gracien & sire Valentyn. He com to Rome ful hastely;austerly. Þat o broþer tok he parþe tuo breþer toke par. maystry; Þat oþer he dide wyþ force fle, & held þempire in dignite. Þen was he þe fourtenþefourtend. Emperour Syþen Augustus, þat bar þe flour: Þe date of Crist þen was þus euene, Þre hundred ȝer, seuenty & seuene. ¶ De Dynoto, Custode siue Rege, & de Vrsula, filia eiusdem, & .xj. Ml virginum, tam per tempesta|tem quam apud Coloniam, occisis per Sarasenos. When Maximian ferde fro Bretaigne, Of Dynotis mad he cheftayne,ceiftayn. To kepe& kept. þe lond til his bihoue; ffor trewe & feyþful he didefor a lele man did. hym proue. Sire Karaduk, þat y spak ofKaraduk broþer .I. spak. byforn, Was Dynotis broþer, & ȝongewas Dinotus & ȝongere. born; Bot ded þat tyme was Karaduk; & his sone, þat highte sire Mauryk,— Þat ȝede to Rome in Octauus message— Wyþ Dyanot he keptewith Dianoth had. his heritage. A doughter had Dianot, & no ma; Hure name was cald dameþat maiden hight. Vrsula. Þo þat were dryuen fro Armoriche, Þe Frensche & þey felawed o-liche,frankis & þei fleand olike. & rysenros. ageyn Conan to fight; Bot Conan meyntende wel his right; ffor þeym ne loste heþem he les. neuere nought Whan þey on hym bataille sought. Þen was Conan meued of skyleto do his folk be more þorgh skill. Hys lond to edefie & to tyle;& þe lond herberw & till. & þat þey moughte þe sikerere lyue, Wyues he þoughte hem for to gyue. ffrensche wymen woldefrankis women wild. þey non take, Þat þer blod no monge scholdemonge suld. make, To haue cleym þorow heritage, Ne dowarye þorow mariage. Vntil no blod wolde þey hem bynde, Bot only to þer owene kynde; Þerfore Conan sente his sonde To Dianot, þat kepte þis londe, " To sende hym his doughter Vrsele— " Wiþ non oþer wolde he dele,— " And gentil damysels vngyuen,Ientill douhtres vngyuen. " Þat able to mennes companye wereþat were of waxdam & wele. þryuen,— " Squyerssergeanz. doughtres, & frankelayns, " To gyue hem to knyghtes & to swayns, " Oþer maidens comen of þralles, " To be maried as þem falles; " Alle þat he myghte, he scholdsuld. him sende, " Wiþ waryson he scholdsuld. þem mende." Dynot graunted to sende hym hyre, & richely þen dide hure atyre; Alle þo þat he gete myght, Lordyngeslordes. doughtres wel adight: ¶ Enleuen þousandelleuen. þey were by tale, Of gentil blod,women. grete & smale; Oþer þat were of lower kynde, Þe auenauntest þey myghteauenant þat þei mot. fynde, Sexty þousand,quarante mil, Wace, i. 285, l. 6169. so many þer ware, Redy to schipen ouerschip ouer se. to fare, Wel dight ilkon for þe nones. At Londone þey schiped at ones,

P. inserts,—

whan þei had all þat þam fell nede. & were bitaght þo þam suld lede.

 & drowe þer sail heye vpon mast; Bytaughte þem God, & seyled fast. ¶ When þey werecom. in deppest flod, & wenden han had passagewende haf sauf passage &. god, Ros a tempest, rorande loude,One stroke too many for the u in the MS. & reyned al doun wyþ a blakmyrk was þe skie grete was þe. cloude. Derk was þe skye, gret was þe reyn, Þe wynd was wod [&] þem& þam. ageyn; Þe sky ferd as hit scholde doun falle; Wonder wawes agaste þem alle, So þey arysen onso grete risand one. ouer anoþer, Þat þeym nauailledeauailed nouht. mast ne roþer; Þe wynd, þe water, so faste þey faught, Þem to saue was non þat þought.nouht to saue nouht ne douht. Þrytty schipesscippes. þer were nomo, Þo sexti þousand to deþe ȝede þo, Þe oþere enleuene fulþe elleuen fer. fer were dryuen, In Barbarie þey vp aryuen: Two Sarasyns were kynges of pris, Þat on highte Melga, þat oþer Gwanis. GwanisIvains, Wace, i. 287, l. 6218. was kyng of Huneys; Melga, of Peyghtes was kynge, hit seis. Þyse Sarasynes wolde han leyn hem by, Bot þey nolde of no vileny, Leuere þem were deye wyþ drede, Þan to lecherye þer bodies bede. Wiþ martirdom þey dide hem deye; At Coloyne now, men sais, þei lye. Þenne herde þise to Sarsyns seye Þat þe force of Bretaigne was aweye, How gret host wyþ Maximian went, & to Conan þritty þousand sent; What wyþ þat on, what wyþ þat oþer, Þer lefte no force agayns non oþer. What dide Melga & Guaneis, Bot gadred ost of Outlandeys. Wiþ gret nauye o þe se þeywith a grete flete on flode to. ryde, & comen in alle by Scotlande syde; Wyþ werre & wo þey dide gret noye, ffor Westmorland al gon þey struye; Al þe northe contre þey wasted. Þey passed Humber, & southe hem hasted; Non encountrein no countre. þey ne fond, Bot husbonde-men þat tyled lond, & werkmen, & oþer pedaille Þat couþe nought werre ne of bataille; ȝif any swyche stod ought ony of swik stode.agayn, Wyþ armed men sone were þey slayn. Ilk man fro his owen gan fle, & þo þat ne myghte, slayn was he: How scholde þat londe kepe hym fro harmes,How suld a lond be dredede. Þat naked ys of men of armes?þat of knigthes es al nakyd. A lond hedlesheuedles. in tyme of nede, Ouer al þanne ys sorewe & drede; & so was þenne bot cry & kare, Of socour & help þey were al bare; Botto. while þey hadde þer bolde barons, SauelikeSauely. held þey þer castels & touns; Ouer alle landes þey schewed þerþei mustird. myghtes, Þe whylesto whyle. þey hadde þer noble knyghtes. Þen chose þey of most boldeþei ches þat were baldest. & fers, & sent hem to Rome as messegers ffor help vnto Maximian; And he þem sende sire Gracian; Wyþ hym come two legyons Þat wel socoured þe Bretouns; Þise Sarsynesþis Saxins. (les hulagues, Wace, i. 289, l. 6253.) þeues þey drof awey, In til Irland ilkon fled þey. ¶ In þys tyme at Rome ros Valentyn Wyþ al hys kynde, em & cosyn; Wyþ hym com kyngesa kyng. of þe Est, Mo þan twenty, as seyþTheodosius, so sais. (O Théo|sien d'Orient, Wace, i. 289, l. 6258.) þe Gest; Bot þorow treson, y ne wot how, Algate Maximian þey slow. Þe Bretons þat Maximian ledde, Summe þey slowe, somme were fledde; Þan sesed Valentyn RomeValentyn seised all eft. al efte, Al þat Maximian hym refte. ¶ De Rege Graciano Romano. Þys tydyng com to Gracian, How Valentyn slowþat he was dede. Maxymian; & saw he was here cheuentayne,he saw him self cheftan. P. transposes this line and l. 6666. & dide hym coroune kyng of Bretayne, And bar hym heye as a Tyraunt, ffor þis was his custume & his haunt, Pouere men to do þem wo; Out of þer right he put þem fro, & ful manye of þeym he slow; Þe riche he louede wel ynow. What dide þe mene folk & þe pedaille?poueraile. Samned þem a gret bataille; To pryue conseille þey gon þem renge, Onof. Gracian þey wolde hem venge. Þey byseded hym sodeynly,þe biseged him priuely. & token hym syþen par maistri, & his body al to-hewe, Þe peces vntil houndes þrewe. Þe Romayns þat were wyþ him comen, Smertly a-geyn to Rome þey nomen. ¶ De captiuitate Brytannie. Melga GuaneysMelga Guanis. (Ganis et Ma|gan, Wace.) herde wel how Þat þe poraillepoueraile. (vilain, Wace, l. 6281.) Gracian slow; ffro Irlond þey come, ful& were. fayn Þat sire Gracian was so slayn; Þey gadered alle þe outlandeys Of Norwey men, wyþ þe Daneys, &of. þe Scottes wyþ men of Irland, & ouer-sette alle Northumberlande; Þey passed Humber, pylederobbed. & brent. Þen sawe þe Bretons þer lond al schent, P. puts here, for the next line, & þer folk so schamly deie.. & þey hadde no myght to stoppe þer weye,myght stop weie. ffor nought þat þey couþe don or seye; No þrowe in pes ne myghte þey reste; Þer-opon þey conseilled what was þe beste. ¶ Hic miserunt Britones ad Romanos pro defencione eorum. ¶ Þey sente vnto þe senatours Of Rome for help & socours, As men þat þey most on affied, & in seruage to þem alyed, To helpe hem on haste now in þer nede, ffor ay þey lyue wyþ pylourswith robbours lyued all day. in drede; & þey ne scholde neuere, for wele ne wo, More out of þer conseil do,go. (n'istront, Wace, l. 6294.) Bot ȝelde hem þat þeym oughte to haue, ȝyf þeyif ȝei. wolde helpe now þeym to saue. Bot þe Romayns forgete nought What schame byfornMS. byform. þey had hemwhat to þam befor þei. wrought So often & so fele syþe Whan þey moughte þer felonye kyþe; Natheles, twoo legionsneuerþeles agayn. (Une légion solement, Wace, i. 291, l. 6299.) þey sent, Þat sone come, as hap þem lent, & deliuered þem of þer enemys: To Scotland fledden Melga Gwanis. ¶ Iam Romany venerunt, & fiery fecerunt Murum de Thurlwal. Þys Romayns dide þem conseyl take, A wal vpon a dik todid. make ffro þe est se vntoest vnto. þe west, Agayns þer foos to saue þem best. Ston þey dide gadere & graue, & masons alle þat þey myghte haue; Ouer-þwert þe lond, þat ys, þe brede, Þey made þe wal ar þat þey ȝede, ¶ ffor by þe northe ende come alle þo Þat to þe lond broughte werre or wo. Þat contre hight þat tyme Deyre, Of þis half þe wal in ȝork-schire; On þat oþer half, y vnderstande, Men caldit þenne þe Peytes lande.cald it þan Peihtlond. When þys landwall. (tot, Wace, l. 6314.) was al dight, & wardeyns set boþebi. day & nyght þat wal for to defende & lok, Þat þey namore scaþe ne tok, Toward þe southe gan þey wende Whan þe wal was brought to þe ende. At Londone þey sette a Parlement; Þe heye folk of alle, þyder þey went, Þorwout þe lond ilka lordynge; And þus þey seyde at þer sampninge: " We wole wende fro ȝow to Rome, " & neuere hider sende ne come. " Be ȝe doughty, & lereþlere. of armes, " & quykly defende ȝow frodefend ȝour. harmes, " ffor we ne mowe come so fer viage, " Ne endure þe grete costage."ffor we ne may suffre þe costage, so often com so fer viage. Þe Bretons seyde alle þer geynes. Þenne stirte vp on of þe Romayns, A wys man & a wel spekande, & seyde, "Lordynges of þys land, " Lystneþlistens. now til y haue seyd; " Þe Romayns reson on me ys leyd. ¶ Hic Romany trugam renuerunt pro toto tempore, sic dixerunt. " Lordes," he seide, "mani amany tyme. loreNota. " Haue we suffred þis lond fore; " & byfore [vs],befor vs. oure auncessours " ffor ȝow han had ful harde stours. " Truage ȝe gaf, & vmwhilesom tyme. nought; " When we hit hadde, dere waswe. hit bought; " Litel þerof were we amended, " ffor ay for ȝow wel more we spended.more for ȝow we haf dispendid. " ȝyf o ȝer til vs we ȝe hit ȝolde, " Two ȝer after ȝe ne wolde; " ȝyf o kynges tyme ȝe were vs trwe, " To so mykel aftertuys als mykell. ȝour wrong was newe,— " Til whan ȝe mighte onst stondeto while ȝe myght ouht stand. ageyn— " Ne louede ȝe neuere man Romayn; " Ay when we come to þys lond, " To lese oure right som cheson ȝe fond, " And oþer wronges til vs y-nowe; " An[d] alderworst,aldermast. oure men ȝe slowe. " Now ȝe haue nede, ȝe vs byseke, " And het vs þanne to ben vs meke. " Whan we han holpen ȝow in cas, " Þen do ȝe wors, & more trespas; " Til vs ȝe bere ȝow as lyouns, " & wayteswaite. vs wyþ sum tresons " ffor to wyþ-halden vs oure right, " Oþer yuel hit gyuen,ouer wikly gif. & þat wiþ fyght. " Wel bettere were hit al for-sake, " Þan suffre þe wo we þer-fore take; " Our costes ar grete, & [we] woneIt is grete coste we. fer heþen, " & ȝe haue ay nede, & ar byneþen; " & we ne mowe noughtwe may not all way. come al day. " Doþ now ȝour self as ȝe best may! " May we ones take til Rome, " ffor no man eft schol we here come. " To saue ȝour self, bygynneþbigynnes. now, " ffor we namore wil mayntene ȝow. " Wyteþ wel,wittes wele. ȝour auncessours: " Were bolde & hardy conquerrours, " ¶ Belyn/ Constantyn/ & Maxymian/,Nota.Brytonum Inperatores. " Alle londes to Rome þey wan; " Þey mayntend hem self, & dide prowesse. " Bot now of ȝow, oþer weis hit esse!ways is. " Y ne wot wher-on hit ys long,where it is long. " On ȝow þer ne comeþ non oftcomes non ofte. so strong " Þat ȝe ne myghte ȝow self defende, " ȝyf any grace on ȝow myghte desende.of ȝow descend. " Bot ȝe [are]ere. al gon out of kynde; " ȝour wikkednesse now ȝe fynde! " Turneþ ageyn, & wexeþTurnes agayn & waxes. bolde, " & þenkesthynk. on ȝour auncestres olde, " Þat riche regions conquered! " ffor fyght ne fondyng were þey ferd. " fful late schul ȝe now conquere, " Synþat. route of rascaille may ȝow ay fere. " Now schal bi sene what hit schalbe sene what it may. vaille " When Outlandeys comen ȝow towill ȝow. assaille? " We haue ȝow closed þer most nede was; " & ȝyf ȝe defende wel þat pas " Wyþ archers & wyþ mangeneles, " & wel kepe þe carneles,kirnels. " Þer-on ȝe may boþe scheote & kaste. " Wexeþ bolde, & fendeþwaxes bold & fende. ȝow faste! " Þer Outlandeys aryues & rydes,P. omits the next four lines. " Makeþ þer hauenes to kepe þo sydes, " & at oþer recettes fele, " Þat non alien on ȝow stele. " Þenk, ȝour fadres wonne fraunchise!þinkes ȝour fadres wan fran|chise. " Be ȝe namore in oþeres seruise, " Bot frely lyueslyf to. ȝour lyues ende! " We taken now leue, fro ȝow towe will fro ȝow for euer. wende." At þat word was mikel cry, ffor manion wep ful delfully.doelfulli. Was þer nought elles for to seye; Þe Romayns þem keste,kissed & went away. & wente þer weye, And seyden hem þere for certeyn Þey ne wolde her neuere come eft ageyn. Gwanyus MelgaGuanius Melga. (Ganis et Magan, Wace, i. 296, l. 6399.) hadde þer spyes, Waytyng aywaitand. by stretes & styes How longe þe Romayns scholdesuld. soiourne, & whan þey scholdesuld. to Rome-ward tourne; & al so sone as þey forþ nam, Melga GwaneysMelga Guanis. to þys lond cam, Robbed & brente Northumberland; Ageyns hem non encountre þeino cuntre ne. ne fand; Made þey neuere stynt ne stal Tyl þey come to þe Romayns wal. Þe Bretons were redy þeron aboute, To gyue bataille to þeym wyþoute: Þer myghte men se on boþe partys A scharp schour by-twyxten enemys;schaftes schoten bituex enmyes. Arewes, quareles, þykkely fleye,þikli flie. Wiþ slynges casten stones heye. Þo þat on þe wal faught, fful mykel scaþe sone þeyso mykell skaþe non. laught; Þo þat were newe dobbed knyghtes, Þey couþe bot litel þoþei ne couth not ȝit. of fightes;

The Petyt MS. adds,

þei couth not þe querels scurne ne no quantise in bataile turne.

 Þe arewes come so þykke soals þik as. reyn, Þey couþe nought coeuere þer eyenot couer þam. þer ageyn; & also þykkely come þe stones, Wiþ schot of dartes,with þe dartes &. al at ones; Vneþes myghte non kepe his eye, Þat he nas y poynt bakward to flye; Was þer non so hardy Bretoun, Þat hym ne þought long til he were doun. Þey wyþoute were mynyngemyand. alle; Þe wal þey holede, & dide hit falle, & fuldefilled. in fele stedes þe dyke, Þat wal & wey was euene y-like, & made þer-þorow pleyn passage Wyþ cart & wayn, wiþto. hors & page. Þey robbed & slowenslouh. al aboute, ffor þey fond non þey hadde of doute; Byforn þat tymebefor or þat. no man fonde So manye at ones slayn in þys lond Wiþ so delful deþ & vyl, Of ȝonge knyghte, & so gentil. Whylom Bretons beresom tyme bretons bare, þe pris, Now al þer prowesse doun hit lys, & þorow hem schal hit neuere a-ryse, Bot þorow grace of oþerþer. queyntyse. Þen sent þey to Rome, to þe senatours, & preyed hem ȝut of more socours. Þe Romayns saiden, 'þey ne wolde; ' To Bretayne þey neuere come ne scholde; ' On oþer halue þey hadde to do; ' Þey wolde namore be trauailled so, ' Bot gete þem help where þey myghte haue, ' Þey wolde þem neyþer slo ne saue.' Whan þe Romayns þus vs forsok, Þe datebirth. of Cryst was wryten in bok, ¶ ffour hundred ȝer, & nyne, were gon Syn Iesu of Marye tok flesche & bon. ¶ Hic miserunt Guncelinum Archiepiscopum ad Regem Minoris Brytannie. ¶ Al þe clergie of þe contrees, & lordynges of londes & fees, At Londone þey toke þer conseil,com all to a comon conseile. What myght hem helpe in þer turpeyl:how þei mot turne þat tirpeile. " Þysþei said. aliens al day vs noyes, " & þe Cristen blod destruyes. " Bot Iesu Crist visite vs sone, " We Cristen men schul be fordone." Þen was at Londone þe bischopes se, When Cristendam comgan. first to be. Þe Erchebischop highte Guncelyns, A ful holy clerk wasa holy man clerk. in deuynes; Þys Erchebischop his conseil tok At þo þat þis lond schulden lok, Þat he wolde wende to þe Lasse Bretayne, Þer Conan vmwhilesom tyme. was cheftayne. Aldroan highteAdroel hight. þe kyng was þan, Þe ferþe kyng after Conan. Þe bischop wente in to þe lond, Sire Aldroel þer kyng he fond; Þe kyng receyued hym curteysly— His fame was god, his stat was hey,— He asked what he so fer had sought, & what tydynge he hadde brought. " Lord," he seyde, "ȝow þar nought wene, " Why y am comen ȝe may wel mene, " & what encheson me hider led, " Þat y to ȝow so hastelyhasty. sped; " ffor ȝe nar noughtȝe ne ere not. born so late, " Ne bytwyxt vs so fer gate, " Þat ȝe nauehaf. herd tydynge seye, " How alyens don vs schamely deye. " Syþen Maximien went vs fro, " We han y-lyued in sorewe & wo. " Þat þys lond þorow conqueste wan, " & gaf hit þyn auncestre, sire Conan, " Oure doughti folk al wyþ hym went, " & siþen were we neuere bot schent. " Donward syþen haue we gon; " ffrendes fond we fewe or non " Þat euere vs wolde socoure or were; " Bot to fele we fynde þat woldeInouh we fynd þat will. vs dere. " Whylom,som tyme. Bretons landes wonnen, " Þe renoun of þeym þorow lande ronne;remes ronen. " Now ar þey nought so mykel of myght " Þat þer lond may haldelondes may hold. to ryght. " Þey of Rome halp vs whylom; " Now haue þey for-sake vs alle & sum, " ffor ferþer. wonyng & gret costage, " Þat often mys-speddemisferd. in þer passage. " Of folk we are ynowe ȝyt leued, " Bot kepere non, ne kyng, to heued, " Þat can oure folk to bataille lede, " Ne oure enemis to haue of no drede. " Bot we haue help by tymeOne stroke too many in the MS. m. P. at þis tyme. now " Of oþer landes, oþer of ȝow, " We kenne neuerecone not. oure cursed kare, " So fer doun byneþe we are. " I ne may nought telle, for sor offor sore. herte, " Al oure sorewe þat ys sohow it is. smerte, " Þat we han had, & ȝit haue; " Bot God wyle, nought may vs saue. " Here-fore am y to ȝow comen, " As to kyþ of oure kynde& our kyn. nomen, " ffor ȝe ar Brutes,ere brettis. & we Breton; " & for þat skyle & þat reson, " Help vs now to venge our foo, " As we wolde ȝow &for an, if. P. if. ȝe were wo. " Þorow right lawe write men fynde,writen we fynd. " Þat men oughte to helpenauh to help; and leaves out the next two lines. þer kynde; " & hit ys also worldes honur, " At nede þer frendes for to socour. " Þey no sybrede of kynde cam, " Helpe ȝe scholde Crystendam." Whan Aldroel herde so Gwyncelyn speke, ffor sorewe hym þoughte his herte wolde breke; Þe teres ronnen out of his eyne, ffor þat þey were in so gret pyne, Gretand ageyn he hym answered, " ffor þe doel þat y haue herd, " Y schal do al my trauaille " Þat y to ȝow may helpe or vaille. 1 " ȝyf y myghte my self, y woldemy self wald. fayn, " Bot Frensche menfrankis men. me chace ageyn;11-1Wace gives these two lines after the sailing of Constantine, l. 6569-70 (Wace.) " Þey werre on me al þat þey may, " My self am þer a[t] ylka fray;at ilk assay. " I wol nought leue my litel þynge, " Myn heritage, for more wynnynge;MS. wymnynge. " I haue a broþer, sire Constaunt,MS. Constantyn. P. has Con|stant. " God werrour, & man valliaunt; " Wyþ two þousandtrois mil armés, Wace, l. 6553. y schal hym sende, " Wyþ gode knyghtes, ȝour lond to fende; " Hym to Bretaigne schaltow lede, " Þorow gode grace forgodes grace wele. to spede." He sente þenne for Constantyn, & bytaughte hym sire Gwyncelyn. Whan Guncelyn byheld þe knyght/, Þe hand he lyfte þat was þe ryght, & gaf Constant þe benisoun: Þe knyght byfore hym kneled doun, Þe bisschop foure wordes seyde; Þe wordes arn, oere of. Latyn leyde, " Christus vincit, Christus rengnat! " Christus vincit, Christus inperat!imperat." Þe kyng þen bitaughtym four þousandbitauht him knyghtes tuo þousand. (trois milliers, Wace, l. 6564.) Of men of armes weltuo þousand squiers þam. seruand, & þre þousand men of fote. Þe kyng þan seyde, "Þyskyng said þise. may do bote " To saue ȝour lond ilka del. " My kynde þer-inne, gret þem wel." Syre Guncelyn aryued at Toteneys, & sire Constant wyþ his harneys. Þat herde þe Bretons alle aboute, Þo þat er skulked for drede & doute. Out of wodes & out of mountaynes (Þat durste nought erþat durst not are. come to þe playnes,) To Constant come þen men ynowe, Þat þer enemys ouer al slowe. He dide hym vntil Westmorland; Þe countre al wasted he fand; Al þe lond, leye hit lay, Þe folk for fere werfor pouerte. fled away; Hadde þey nought vn-to þeþer. fode, Bot bestes wylde, & fische onin. flode. Þeyr enemys þer þey broughte of lyue, Þe remenaunt out of lond gon dryue. ¶ Apud Cirencestriam coronatus est Rex Constantinus. To Circestre Constant wente, & held þer a parlymente. Sire Guncelyn þer gaf hym þe coroun; Þer-of was fayn ilka Bretoun. Þenn tok he wyf auenaunt & god, Sib þe bischop, of Romayns blod. Þ[r]e childre on hure he gat auenaunt, Þe eldest, highte his name Constant; He dide hym noricenorish. at Wynchestre, And ȝaldmad. hym monk in þat same estre; Þat oþer sone highte Aurelyus, His to-name was Ambrosius; Þe þridde child, Vter he hight, Þat lyuede lengest, & best was knyght. Þe bischop, þorow leue of þe kynge, Hadde þe two in his kepynge. ȝyf Constant had lyued ani sel,any seele. He schuld haue mended þe lond ful wel; Twoten. ȝer he regned, & namo; Lyst how a traitour dide hym slo: ¶ On ffortyger, of Walsche blod,One Vortiger of Wales blode. Þat neuere in truþe no stude stod,while stode. He ȝerned mikel þe kyndam. Lyst how þe treson fro hymlistes how þis treson for him. cam: ¶ De quodam Pycto traditore. Y þe kynges court serued a Peyght, Þat was þorow ffortegers deseit;þorgh Vortigers sleiht.— Þis Peit, longe wiþ þe kyng had ben; Of treson he þoughte ay by-twen; Þys Peyt ȝede wyþ þe kynge a day VntilIn to. an herber alone to play; Bot hit was perceyued of non Whider þe kyng & þe Peyt was gon. Þe kyng of treson wende nought, Bot þe Peyt þeron he þought; As þey boþe to-gyder sat, & speken þer of many what, Þe kyng til hym gaf no tent. Þat saw þe Peyt, & his knyf out hent, & smot þe kyng vntilto. þe hert, & fledde awey also smert. Pryuely þat fame ȝede Þat fforteger had donVortiger gart do. þat dede. fforteger was of þe Walscherye,an erle þat lufed tricherie. Þat euere louede trycherye; 4. Queynte he was, & fer couþe þenke To compasse a wykked blenke;44-4Wace, lines 6638-40. ffaire he spak þer he wolde gyle; & þer he hated, þer wolde he smyle; Wel couþe he preyse & lakke somdel, & treson couþe he teche wel:— & somme þat arn at þis tyme here, Þat craft of hym nought nedeþþat of him þar no thyng. lere.— ¶ De electione Constanti Monachi in Regem. ¶ Þe clergie for þis dide make asemble, Whilk of þe children best kyng myghtchildre kyng mot. be; Bot þey were so lytel & ȝonge, Reson couþe þey non wiþ tonge. Constant was eldest & mere, & was a monk, a man of lere. Þey seide atones, alle & som,it myght not be don. Þem noughte nout(=ne oughte not.) P. ne oughte not. reue hym fro religion;to take him fro religion. Ne lawe nolde hit by no weye,of no right we se no way. A monk to take fro his abbeye: To take an oþer, þetake on þe tuo þer. Conseil ches. Þen stirte vp Forteger in al þe pres, & seide, "Hit is to drede no þyng, " Of þe monk to make a kynge. " He ys eldest;—of þe habite no tale!— " Þe oþere arn ȝonge, & ouer smale. " Y graunte non oþer kyng to be. " ffor al þe synne, y take on me." Non oþer assented to þat dome, Þat þe monk scholde a kynge bycome; Þey dreddendred. swylk a þyng bygynne; Bot fforteger dreddedred. nought þat synne: What he wold do, non durste hym werne, To Wynchestre he hyed hym ȝerne, He asked leue atte priour To speke wyþ Constant y þe parlour: ¶ " Constant," he seide, "þy lord ys ded; " Þy breþere ar ȝonge; what ys þy red? " Y wolde þou haddestI. wild þou had. þe herytage, " ffor þou art man most of age. " Wiltowwill. auaunce my rente, my fe, " & loue me wel, & triste on me. " Þy blake cloþes schaltsall. þou loþe, " & y þe richest y schal sall. þe cloþe; " Þy monkhod þow schaltsall. al weyue, " Þe heritage of þe reome reseyue." Þys monk was blent wyþ veyn glorye;monke ȝerned seignorie. Abyte & ordre he let al flye, ffor he ȝerned more pryde þan prow, & wel more vice þan vertu. Þat fforteger asked, he hym hight, & þer-to his trouþe he dide hym plyght. Out of his abite he hym schok, Syþen out of þe abbeye hym tok; In faire cloþes he hym cledde, Wyþ hym to Londone Constant he ledde.London he him led. Was noman wyþ-seyde hym ono man þat said him. nay; Þey seye hit was þe monkessawe it was þe mokes [so in MS.]. pay. To somone þe folk anon þey bed;non ne beed. Bot þerchebischop þat tyme was dedP. adds (wrongly) line 7086 again:— with him to London Constant he led. Þat felle to make þe corounement; Þer-to non oþer durste consent; Bot fforteger þe coroune forþ fet, And on Constantes heued hit set; 5[was þer non oþer benyson, bot Vortiger set on þe croun,]55-5These two lines are from the Petyt MS., representing lines 6677-8 of Wace, i. 308. & Constant þe coroune tok, & ordre & habite al forsok; Þus to worschipe gan he lende, Wiþ schame he partedschame departid. at his ende. ¶ Hic ffortygernus traditor factus est custos Regny sub Monacho Rege. Þenne ffortyger hadde alle þe maystrie, Þe kyng at wille, & þe marchalsye;marchaucie. (senescaucie, Wace, i. 308, l. 6695.) Al to-gedere þe kyng he ledde, & al he dide þat he hym redde; Þe kyng dide al as fforteger wylde, & al his conseil he fulfylde. He saw þe kyng couþe no god, Ne kynde skile nought vnderstod; 8[on clostire skill couth he maste, & his breþer with þe leste.]88-8These two lines are from P., leaf 42 back, column 2, and represent Wace's lines 6701-2, vol. i. p. 309. He sey þe force of þe barons falle, & saw his stat heyest of alle, 1[þe folk discord nouht in a will; þan he þouht in hert full still,]11-1These two lines are from P., and represent Wace's lines 6705-6, vol. i. p. 309. & þoughte þe regne haue into haf þe regne on. his syde; Her whuche a deseytehere a desceite. he spak þat tyde: ¶ "Of o þyng, sires,sir. y wot right wel, " þer-of ȝe owen to wyteauh to witte. som del, " Þat þe Daneys, wyþ men of Northweye,with þe Norweíe. " On ȝow wyl þey lyue & deye; " & for þou art no knyghtert no kyng. of armes, " Þe more þey wayte þis lond wyþ harmes; " On vs þey wyle þis somerþe soner. haste, " Þy casteles take, þy lond to-waste; " Here-of y rede þou nymetake. ȝeme, " Þy lond to fende, þy folk to queme." In casteles he sette garnysonscastels set þi warnisours. ffor þe drede of oþer traysons;traitours. " To þo þat castels couþe loke, " To swylke y wolde þat þou hem toke." Þan seyde þe kyng to ffortyger, " Tak þou þe lokyngtake þe kepyng. in þy power; " As þou wilt, hit schal be so; " Ouer þe wol y þat noman do; " Þe castelles alle y þe bykenne,biken . . . . . bren. " Now loke þat noman slo ne brenne. " In þy conseil onlyk amconseile þan. y, " Loke to me þou do truely. " Of cites & of tresor al; " Right as þou wilt, so be hit schal." ¶ Þenne was ffortyger at ese, ffor alle þe strengþes he gan to sese.þe forcelettes he did him seise. When he had alle þys forceresses,now has Vortiger þe forcelesse. Wyþ cites, tounes, & alle richesses,richesse. ȝyt he þoughte on oþeron oþer. wyse To contreoue a fals queyntyse: " Sire," he seyde, " ȝyf þou wilt do " Þat y schal conseille þe to, " Þy lond schaltow ful wel saue, " & do þyn enemys of þe stond awe.& of þin enmys no drede haue. " Sent for knyghtes þat conne of sleytes.Sende . . . . . can of sleghtes. " & þat ar bolde men in feyghtes;quante men ere alle þe peihtes. (Des Pis d'Escoce soldiers, Wace, i. 310, l. 6742.) " Lat þeym be alle þy souders, " ffor of alle kyndes þey knowe þe maners; " ffor ȝyf þey be y þy court wyþynne, " On whilk side þatwhat tyme so any. werre bygynne, " Þen may þou sende hem aboute, " To serche of wham þer ys mostof whom is moste. doute, 10" Þaw þe Peytes & þeir kendes, " Þat ofte han schewed þey were oure frendes."1010-10 þorgh þe peihtes & þer frendes. may men witte how mykell wendes. ¶ Exe iam tradicio falsy ffortygerny. Þe kyng to fforteger þus seyd: " My purueauncepurueiance. ys on þe leyd; " Do ryght als þy seluen wyle; " Tak & lef as þou sestsees . . . . . has . . . . . wote. skyle, " Als manye as þou hastsees . . . . . has . . . . . wote. of nede; " Bettere þan y þou wostsees . . . . . has . . . . . wote. þe dede." Þen fforteger had his wille ynow; An hundred Peyghtes to þe court he drow. Of castles, tounes, & tresorye, Of al he hadde þe maystrie; He gaf þe Peytes what þey wyld, Al þer askyng he fulfyld, He honured hem swyþe mykel, ffor wel he wyste þey were ful fykel; Wyþ metes & drynkes he made þem glade, & often dronken he þem made; He preised hem faste in his sawe, & oueral dide þem forþ drawe; fforby alle oþerebifor oþer. he þem honured; Þat mester hadde, he þem socourred; Þer-fore comunly ylka Peight, Byfore alle þey seyde on heyght, " Þat fforteger was more curteys " Þan þe kyng was ony weys, " & bettere semed to bere þe honur " Þan þe kyng or his auncessour." In ilka stede whareals. þey ferde, Þus þey seyde; þey ne roughte ho herde. & for þe Peytes on hym seyde þis, fforteger þer-of had gret blys; & þe more þat þey hym preysed, Þe more he þem vp areysed. ¶ De Adulacione ffortygerny. A day hit was, to þeym he drank ffor to gete of hem more þank; & right as þey dronkeals þei sat drunken. & songe, Com fforteger þeym alle among, & to þem seyde, "God glade ȝow here!" Bot yuel he let, wyþ sory chere. " Knyghtes," he seide, "mykel y ȝow loue, " I haue ȝow holpen to ȝoure aboue, " & more y wolde, ȝyf y hadde ought; " Þys [lond]lond. (ceste tere, Wace, i. 312, l. 6780.) ys þe kynges, & myn ys nought; " Here hauy nought þat ought amountes; " Þat y spend of, y ȝelde acountes, " ffor y þys contrelond. (ceste tere, Wace, i. 312, l. 6780.) haue y nought; " ffro fer hit comeþ þat me ys brought. " To serue þe kyng y do my tent; " Of hym hauy no lond ne rent, " So þat y may nought holde to me " ffourty squierssergeanz. (sergans, Wace, i. 312, l. 6788.) on al my fe; " ȝyf y more hadde, hit were ȝour prow, " Þer-fore nede y mot partebot nedes .I. mot. fro ȝow; " & þat ouer-þynkesforþenkes. me ful sore, " ffor pouere y am, & may namore. " Bot ȝyf ȝe se þat y ought mende, " Boldely comeþ to me, or sende, " And y schal fonde, at al ȝour nede, " Boþe forto cloþe & [to] fede." ¶ Exe iam falcitas ffortygerny. Fortyger þenne turned his bak; Fals he was, & feyntyse spak; And þo þat hadden dronke wel, Trowed his sawesfalsnes. P. leaves out the next two lines. ylkadel; His word to truþe al þey hit turned, Þat he to falsnesse had perforned; Þey seide til oþer, "what haue ȝe mynt? " Þys curteys knyghtman. now haue we tynt. " Þys folted king, he gyueþkyng serues. vs lytel, " ffor a monk can nought bot his chapitel. " To slo þat folt, wel were toit. done; " A bettere myghte we haue ful sone; " Go we now, & sle þat vnþrift/, " & ffortyger to kyng we lyft, " ffor he ys worþy to hauehe were worþi to haf. empyre, " & bettere hymhe. semed lord & syre " Þan þis monk þat nought ne can; " Go we & sle þis foltedþat foltid. man! " He haþ no kynde þat vs þarfþar. drede, " Þat myghte may[n]tene host ne lede; " Ne hym self schal neuere be nought; " Go we & do þat we haue þought!" Þe whylesto while. þer wylle was þus hot, Þey stirte tys chaumbreto his chambire.; his hed of smot. Wyþ þe heued als swyþe þey went, To ffortyger þey made a present, Þey gon to crie, "here may þow se " Þat we wyl auaunce þe! " Þis monk ys ded! now do þy wylle! " Tak þe coroune, & hold vs stylle!" ffortyger, þat saw þe kynges heued, Glad he was þey haddyt hym reued; Naþeles he couerede hym queyntely; Semblaunt he made he was sory, & for þat dide þo Peytes deye,& more to did his felonys. And at Londone he dide crye,þerfor in London did he crie. 'Þat al þe Peyghtes þat men myght wyte, 'Þer heuedes scholde al of beþer hedes of suld men. smyte.' Manyon were þat trowed & seyd, Þat 'non of þeym hadde handes leyd ' On þe kyng wyþ yuelill. manere ' Wyþoute þe conseyl of ffortygere;' & þe Peyghtes seyde þe same, Þat þey dide hit for his frame. Þo þat þe children had in kepyng, Aurelius & Vter, boþe ȝyng, Dredde þat þorow þe conseil of þo Þat slowen þe kyng, þem wolde þeyslouh þe kyng þam wild. slo; Þer-fore þis conseil þey tok, To Bretayne þey sentem, hem to lok, To þe kyng Budice of þer kynde, Þat ful nobly dide hem fynde, And honured hem þorow al the lond; When tyme was, armes hem fond. ¶ Hic cepit Regnare ffortygernus. Fortiger had al in kepynge þe land, Casteles, & cites, al in hys hand; & at his wylle þe folk he ledde; ffor his power, noman he dredde; He sey fortune toward hymhe sauh his chance wele wild. falle, And regned þen kyng ouer þeym alle. Of two þynges wakned hys wough; Of þe Peytes þat he slough; Þey cald hym traitour wyþ manace, & to meschaunce þey scholdemischefe þei suld. hym chace; An oþer þyng men hym telde, Þat whan þe childre were of elde, Þey scholde venge Constant her broþer; Warwere . . . . . no noþer. hym wel, & hope non oþer. In tempore ffortygerny venerunt Saxones primo in Anglia.This heading is at the top of the front page of of the Lambeth MS., as a head-line. Whyle þat fforteger þusIn tyme þat Vortiger. regnede riche, Þre schypes aryued at Sandwiche Wyþ fair folk & wel y-dight,— Hengist & Hors þer maistres hight;— Of fair stature wyþouten lak, & a selcouþ speche þey spak. Þis ffortyger þat held þonour, At Caunterbury he made soiour; To þe kyng men tydynge tolde, ' Þat a fair folk, wyþ faces bolde, ' At Sandwyche late gonne aryue; ' So faire y-schape were non alyue.'so gentill of schap is hon of lyue. Þen seyde þe kyng, "ȝyf swylk be comen, " & peysibly þe hauene han& in pes haf hauen. nomen, " In pes lat þem take þer rest, " & wyþ my pes to do þer best, " And ȝyf þey speke wyþ me in pes, " & right& in þat. so wende als þey ches." ¶ Hengistus, & Horsus frater eius, cepunt portum apud Sandwycum. ¶ When þyse breþere Hengist & Hors Had leue of þe kyng & of þe ports, He greyþed his feresþei dight þer fers. to fare al myry To speke wyþ þe kyng at Caunterbyri. When þey come, þe kyng þey grette, & alle þat were by hym sette. Þe kyng byheld þyse bachelers Were faire of schap, & face clers, How þey were mad so gentilly, ffayrest of al þer compaigny: Þen seyde þe kyng, "of whennewhat lond. be ȝe? What haue ȝe sought to þis contre?" Þen was Hengist eldest & more; ffor alle his feres onswered he þore: " In Saxoynesessoyne. were we born & fed; " ffro þennesþien (no fro). hyder our God vs led. " ȝyf ye wil wite al þe manere, " Whi & for what we ar com here; " To telle ȝow, sire, gyuesþe sir gif þou. me leue, " Þat ȝe ne ȝoureþou ne þin. wyþ me ne greue." Þe kyng gaf hym þe grauntyse, & Hengist teldym þen intellis on. his wyse: " Sire kyng," he seyde, "ȝyf þou euere herde, " So waxyngewaxand. folk in al þys werde, " Ne so gendryng,genderand. ne so plentyue, " Ne so gracious kyndeþrod (? for þeod (A.-S. þeod) peo|ple; or A.-S. þreot, þreat, a crowd). to þryue, " Als we arn of oure kynde, " In no lond scholde men fynde, " Ne selcouþloker sone so selcouþly. to gendre, " Ne haue so manye childre tendre, " & wexen boþe men & women y-nowe, " Þat alle þer dwelle þey ne mowe.duelle ne mouh. " ffor whan þe folk ar woxen & larged,is waxen & largid. " & þe lond ys ouer-charged, " Oure Prynces perceyue þer ar so fele, " Þe ȝonge dur þey nought out wele,þe ȝenge þorgh þei do wele. (wele = choose: see page 98, note what lond..) " Bot þulke of twentyþat ere of fiften. (qui de quinze ans sunt, et de plus, Wace, i. 319, l. 6911.) wynter elde " Or more, þat con þem kepe & welde, " On strong[e]stronge. men, lotes þey kest, " & byddembid þam. go purchace þem best, " To seke oþer lond & lede, " fforso. mykel people may hit nought fede. " Mo childre þer are of oure gendrure " Þan bestes are in oure pasture; " & for we so multeplye, " We ar of þe kynde of Germenie. " At þis tyme fel on vs þe lot, " Þer-fore, nede, of landeof ond nede. we mot, " To seke vs oþer on to lende; " & hidere oure Godes dide vs wende; 6" Mercurius, þat vs saues & schildes, " Haþ vs brought vnto þys yldes."66-6 P. leaves out these two lines. When þe kyng herde hym nemne a God,herd þam neuen. He asked þenne how þey trowd,trod (see next note). & what þer Godes name hight, On wham þey trowedwhilk þei trowed. had most myght. He seide, "We haue Godes seeressere. " ffor whos wyrschip we make auteres;to whom we mak autere. " Mars, Iubiter, & Saturnus, " Dyane, & Mercuryus: " Þis ar Godes of oure paen lay, " Þat we worschipewirschip. at þer day. " & mo Godes ȝyt we holde, " As oure auncestres by-forn vs tolde; " Bot on ouer alle wyrschipewirschip. we mest, " Sire Mercurius, & holde his fest.Nota de die Mercurii & Veneris. " Mercury ys on oure langage " 'Woden,' louerd, ys oure vsage,— " Oure auncessour set hit so,— " Þe ferþe day we halewe hym to. " ffor we þat day worschipen hym alle, " 'Wodenesday' þat day we calle. " Wyþouten hym an oþer we haue, " A Godesse þat we for help to craue; " On oure speche we calle hure ffre; " Þe sixte day, hure worschipe we; " ffor 'ffre' we calle hit ffryday,it freaday. (Freedai, Wace, i. 321, l. 6950.) " & worschipe hure on payen lay." ¶ Þen seide þe kyng, "ȝe leue al wronge; " Wyþ false Godes ȝe make monge; " On swylk ar nought for to leue, " Hit ar ffendes þat schol ȝow greue; " & þat sore ouer-þynkesforþinkes. me; " Naþeles," he seyde, "welcome arwelcom ere. ȝe! " ffayre men ȝe are, & stalworthe seme. " And ȝe wyl serue me to queme, " Euerilkon y wyl ȝow take, " & riche men y schal ȝow make. " Þe Peytes wayten me wyþ wo, " Þe Scottes also vs brennerobbe. & slo; " ȝyf hit be so, ȝe may me vaille " To vencusevenquis. þem in pleyn bataille; " Gyftes schol ȝe haue ful gode " Til ȝoure cloþynge & ȝour fode; " & kepes wel ay þe Northe cost;

þe north kepis ay wele þat cost.

A fresh hand writes a page here in the Petyt MS., (leaf 44, back) and the initial qw- for wh- comes in: see notes 9,10, p. 261, below.

 " ffro þennes comen ouer al þeyrþine comys euere all oþer. ost. " Loke y fynde in ȝow no feyntyse; " ȝe schul me serue of swylk seruise." On þys manere come þe Saxounssessouns. Þorow ffortyger among þe Bretouns. Hengist tok leue at þe kynge, To Londonelond. for to brynge his þyng; & sone com to þe court agayn Wyþ manye faire knyght & swayn. ¶ De Bello inter Saxones & Pyctos. Wel sone after þatwas it not long sethen. þey were come, Þe Scottes & Peytes bataille nome, And comen faste in-til þys lond, Pylederobbid. & brente al þat þey fond; Rightreght. to Humber water þey cam. Þe kyng wyþ Saxonssessons. ageyn þem nam. Þe Saxonssessons. were þer-of ful blyþe, Þey arrayed hem wel, & þydeward swyþe,dyght þem wele & þidir swiþe. Þey smyte to-gedere bataille smert; Þe Peytes were euere ful egre of hert, Þey stode wel furst & hardyly; ffor þey were wond to haue þewer won haue. maistri. Þey wende haue had þer elde custume, Þe lenger ageyn þe Bretons þey nome. Þer wenyng þat day þey tynt, ffor þe Saxonssessons. did þem bakward stynt, 9 [& were discounfet at þat dai; þe Sessons bare þe prise a-wai.] 99-9 From P., representing lines 6995-6 of Wace (i. 323). Þen was þe kyng a iolyioiefull. man Þat he þe bataille of þem so wan; Þen let he mykelþe king lete mikill. of þe Saxons,sessons. & dide hem amende þer liuersons.did amend þer liueresons. Þe kyng gaf Hengist faireof his. maners In Kent, & fele oþere stedes seers:In Lindesai in stedis sers. (In Londesìa regione, Galf. Mon., vi. 11; Lindesée, MS. du Roi, 75153.3. Colb.; Lindesie, MS. du Roi, 73, Cangé, Wace, i. 323.) Þys loue lested bytwyxt þem longe, ffeyþfullike, wel & strong. Hengist sey til hym þe word wold schape,saw þe werld wild skape. His nedes to spede þen had he rape;for to spede & rape. He sey oþ er doMS. to. P. has do. (Wace's comment 'Comme cascuns faire 'devroit,' (i. 323, l. 7006), on Hen|gist's 'D'avancir soi s'entremetoit,' is not translated.) þer queyntyse, Wher-of auauntage myghte aryse,qwere-of auauntige mote rise. & also þoughte he þan seye som þynge ffor to plese wyþ-al þe kyng. On a day by þe kyng he sat, To-gydere spekynge of many what;spekin of mani qwat. He sey þe kyng was murywele. at ese, Wyþ his conseil he gan hym plese: " Sire," he seis, "ȝe han doSir king þou has done. me honour, " & mykel y haue y-takehad. of ȝour. " ȝyf y haue serued þe to wille, " ȝyt bettere wol y forward fulfylle; " & mikel haue y herd & seen " Syþen y haue y þy court y-ben;Alls I haue in þi court bien. " ffor þou hast neyþer baron ne knyght, " Þat alle ne hate þe wyþ herall þe hate at þer. myght. " Of two childre y here þem speke, " Þat on þe harde schulof þe ful herd þei sall. þem wreke; " Þer lige lordes þey scholdensuld. ben, " Þorow heritage of þer faderes fe; " & bynne schort termeIn scort time. schulsuld. þey come, " & of vs boþe take harde dome: " & þis ys þe comune sawe of alle, " Þat yuelAn iuell ('ill' was the first scribe's word). endyng on þe schalsuld. falle. " Þus þey þrete wyþÞei þe with ill. manace, " & ful yuel þeyAnd to. procure & purchace. " When y here þem þus ȝelpe, " Þen þenkyþink .I. how y myght ȝow helpe; " Þer-fore to Saxoyne woldy sende,in to sesson wild .I. send. " ffor my sib kynde, & oþer freinde; " & ȝif y her hadde childre or&. wyf, " Þen were y holden, on lymes & lyf, " Þe forto socoure & to saue " Wyþ al þe strengþeOn all þe purtenaunce. y myghte haue; " Þe sikerer mightest þowmote þou. be for me, " & y scholde deserue more loue ofi suld be loued bettir for. þe; " ffor alle þyn enemis, þaw þey wildenmis þou ne. fond, " Ne durste nought reue þe a fot of lond. " ffor y þe serue & loue truely, " Haue y on me many enemy; " & y lyg euere so naked syde, " & oure fomen spred ful wyde; " ȝyf y had ony fforcelet, " To haue þer-inne somhaue on. syker recet, " Þen myghte we þe more be syker, " What tyme our enemis wold giue vs byker. " Þer-fore wer hit prow to þe " Þat y hadde somoiþer in the first scribe's hand again]. castel or cite " Where-inne y mighte sauely slepe, " Þat none enemis on vs lepe; " [wele more þan, þei wild me doute]From the Petyt MS. " Þan þey do now y lygge þer-oute." Þenne seide þe kyng vnto Hengist, " Þorow sonde y wolde þy folk hit wist, " Þat þey were her when we had nede; " Inow þey scholden hauesall haf. to mede. " To gyue þe a toun, y ne may, " ffor þou art of þe Payen lay; " ffolye hit were, more þan resoun, " To gyue a Payen a Cristen toun; " Of oþer þyng þe entermet, " ffor of toun getestow no recet." ¶ De cordys Corey Taury. 3" Syn þou," seide Hengist, " wyþseyst þat me, " A skylful preiere þou graunte me: " Of þy maners þat y mot haue— " Wher-inne þat y may my lif saue—33-3 Said Hengist, if þou will nouht. ne dar not gif .I. þe of souht. on of þi maners þat .I. haue. grante it me myself to saue. " Namore lond,ne no more lond. wyd ne syd, " Þan y may sprede a boles hyd." Þat graunted anon kyng ffortygerne. Þen Hengist of sente his frende ȝerne; A boles hyde, he broughte hit þyder; On þonges he carf hit althuonges he karue it all. to-gyder, And knytte hem alle þen on o þonge; & al so fer as hit was long, & euenlik al so mykel in brede, Þe lond he tok hit ouer ȝede. Þe lond aboute he dide hit stake, A fforcelet þer-on þan dide he make, & on his wyselangage. he gaf hit name, ' Þe Castel of Þonges,'Vancastre (Wace, i. 327), MS. du Roi, 27; Gancastre, MS. du Roi, 73, Cangé; Tuancastre, MS. de l'Ars., 171, B.-L. þe firste fame; Syn, als schorter speche fel, Hit was called 'þong castel;'thuangcastell. Bot Frenschemen couþe nought so seye, & caldit 'Castel de Correye;' Þat vseuses. men byȝonde þe se, & Bretons caldit 'Kaer Karre.'Wace adds that many now call it 'Lancastre' who don't know the cause of its first name, l. 7082-4. ¶ Exe Castellum factum est, cui dedit nomen Þongcastre. When Þongcastrethuang castell. was al closed, Þe name y-gyuen,giffen. oueral alosed, Of þo þat Hengyst sente his sonde, Þer comen sexten schipexiij. schippis. (dix huit nés, Wace, i. 327, l. 7087; decem et octo naues, Galf. Mon. vi. 12.) to londe, Wyþ mikel folk, knyghtes, swaynes, & oþere þat were of his demaynes. ¶ In a schip wyþ gentilgeentill. The second scribe wrote this column and the next two: see his q, -it, -is, -in, in the notes10, p. 266; 13, p. 264; 11, p. 266; 1, 12, p. 265. men Com Hengiste doughter þat hight Ronewen,Roven, Wace, i. 328, l. 7091. A ȝong woman & louely,a fair woman & a loueli. Auenaunt, & fair & semly;auenaunt gret & fair was hi. Bot þis lewed men sey & synge, & telle þat hit was mayden Inge.and tellit it was a may din ȝinge. Wryten of Inge,writin of Ingge. Robert Man|ning poohpoohs this Inge notion again, when writing of King Engel, near the end of the first part of his Stori. no clerk may kenne,Nota de nomi|ne Engelond. (In a later hand.) Bot of Hengiste doughter, Ronewenne. Al þe folk Hengist fore sent; To Þoncastrethuang castell. P. leaves out the next four lines, 7539-42. ilkon þey went. (ffro Angle, a contre in Saxonye, Comen alle Hengistes compaynie; So þat for Angle, y vnderstond, Bretayne was cald Engelond.) Þen Hengiste faste hym purueyd,A day Hengest him purueid. & sente unto þe kyng, & seyd, ' Preyenge,Praid him. as he loued his griþ, ' Þat he wolde ony night herberweA night herber. him wyþ, ' A day to ete a sop, & drynke, ' & se his werk, how þat hym þynke; ' & of his folk, how þat hym þought, ' & wyþholden& held. þo þat to hym dought.' Hengystesþe king his. werk fayn wolde he se; He ȝede þider al in pryuete. Whan he hit saw, wel he hit preised, & þat þer myght be folk wel aysed;þat þus myght folk be wele asaied. & þo knyghteknightes. þat late cam, ffor þer sonde wyþ hym þey nam. Hengist þat day dide his myght Þat al waswer. glad, kyng & knyght; & als þey were best in gladyng, & wel cuppe-schoten,cop schotin. (enivré, Wace, i. 239, l. 7108.) knyght & kyng, ¶ Exe Ronewenna, pulcra puella, quam Rex fforty|gerus desponsauit secundum legem Paganorum. ffro chaumbre cam Ronewenne so gent, Byfore þe kyng in halle scheo went; A coupe wyþ wyn sche hadde in hande, And hure atyrhir hatir. was wel farande; Byfore þe kyng o knes sche hir sette, In hure langage ful faire him grette: " Wassayl, my lord! wassail!"Lauerid king/ wassaill. seyd sche.Wassail. Þen asked þe kyng what þat myghtþe king askid what suld. be: On þat langage þe kyng ne couþe, Bot a knygh[t] þat speche had leredlangage lerid. in ȝouþe— BreyþBreȝ. highte þat knyght, y-born Bretoun, Þat wel spak langage of Saxoun.þat lerid þe langage of sessoun. Þys Breþ was þe kynges latynier;Breȝ was þe latinier.— & what scheo seyde, teldyt ffortyger:told Vortager. " Sire," Breþ seyde, " Ronewenne ȝow gretes, " And kyng calles, & lord ȝow letes; " Þys ys þer custume & þer gest, " Whan they arn at þer [ale or]are at þe ale or. fest, " Ilk man þat loues, þer hym best þynklouis qware him þink. " Schal sey 'wassail,' & to hym drynk; " He þat haldes schal seybidis sall say. 'wassayl,' " Þat oþer schal seye ageyn 'drynk hayl'; " Þat seys [wassayl] drynkessais wosseill drinkis. of þe coppe; " Kissing his felawe, he gyueþKissand his felaw he giues. hit vppe; " 'Drynk hail,' he seyþ, & drynkeþdrinks. þer-of, " Kyssyngkissand. hym in bourde & scof." Þe kyng seide as þe knight gan kenne, " Drynk hayl," smylyngeDrinkheill smiland. on Ronewenne. Ronewenne drank right as hure lyst, & gaf þe kyng, & syn hymgaue þe king sine him. kist.— Þat was þe firste wassail in dede, Þat now & euere þe& þat first of. fame ȝede. Of þat wassail men tolde gret tale, & vsed 'wassail' when þey were at þale, & 'drynkhail' to þem þat drank; Þus was wassail taketane. to þank.— 5. fful often þus þysffele sithes þat. mayden ȝyng Wassailed & kyste þer þe kyng;55-5 These lines are in the MS. de Ste. Gen. Y. of Wace, fol. 10. Wace, i. 332, note b. Of body sche was ful auenaunt, Of fair colour, wyþ swet semblaunt. Hure atir, ful wel hit bysemed;Hir hatire full wele it semid. Merueillyke þe kyng scheoMeruelike þe king sche. quemed; Out of mesure was he glad, Oponffor of. þat mayden he wax al mad. Þe ffend & dronkenesse hit wrought;Drunkenes þe feend. OnOf. þat Payen was al his þought. As meschaunce þat tymeOne stroke too many in the MS. m. hym spedde,A meschaunche þat time him led. He asked þat Payen for to wedde; & Hengist wernde hym botHengist wild noght draw o. lyte, Bot graunted hure hym al so tyt; & Hors his broþer consented sone; Hire frendes seyd alle, hit wasHir frendis said it were. to done; Þey askede þe kyng to gyuegife. hure Kent, In dowarye, to take of rent. Vpon þat mayde his herte so kast, What-so þey asked,þat þei askid. þe kyng mad fast. I wene þe kyng tok hure þat day, & wedded hure on Payens lay. Of prest was þer no benisoun, Ne messe songen, ne orysoun; In sesyn þe kyng had hureseisine he had hir. (si l'ot, Wace, l. 7183.) þat nyght; Of Kent he gaf Hengist þe ryght. Þe Erl þat tyme þat KentErell . . . . . Kent all. held, Sire Gorogon, þat barhad. þe scheld, Of þat gyft no þyng he ne wyste Til he was dryuen outTo he was cast oute. wyþ Hengist. Þe Payens conseil þe kyng vnderstod, & despised þe Cristene blod; & alle þe Cristene hym forsok, ffor he hym to þe Payens tok; His owen kynde hated hym mest,kin hotid him. His children loued hym alder lest.childir loued him alle lost. Byfore tyme he hadde a wyf, But deþ hadde departedBot dede had depart. þer lyf; Wyþ þat wyf he had þre sones Þat helde ageyn hym for þe Bretons; Þe eldest highte sire Vortymer, Þat oþer, Patens, and Catyger.þe toþer Passence & Katiger. ¶ De blandicione Hengisty. Hengist wente wyþ þe kyng aboute, To be syker for drede & doute, & seyde, "y se hit on many gate " Þat þou for me of summe hasthas. hate; " & y am—syker mot ȝe be— " Hated for þe loue of þe. " Þou art my sone, for þys skyle, " Þou hasthas. my doughter; as lawe hit wyle, " Y am þy fader, als in honour " To be þe a god conseillour; " ¶ ȝyf þou wilt regne, trist on me wel, " & help on my partie som del. " ȝyf þou wilt greue þyn enemis, " Y schal þe conseille by god auis,I. sall þe counseill a gode vis. " Send after my sone, sire Octa, " & ffor his cosyn Ebsa,Ebissa (in Wace, and Geoff. too). " & ffor a noble knyghtman. The first scribe begins again. Kerdyk; " in al Saxoyne narsessone ere. non þem lyk; " Þey ar fighters, & noble iustours,þise ere feihters nobill in stours. " & queynte men & werreyour[s]; " Gyf hem lond y þe norþ to lende,— " Þy werre comeþ euere in by þat ende,See p. 235, l. 6703-4; p. 259, l. 7399, 7400, &c.— " ffro þyn enemis þey schulsall. þe were, " þat nought of þyn schulle þeysall robbe ne. dere; " So myght þou haue, til þy deses,may þou haf to þi decese. " O þys half Humber þy lond in pes." ¶ Þen seyde þe kyng, " send after þo, " & of þe beste, ȝyf þer be mo." Hengist hadde his sondehad his sondes. sone; Þem to brynge þey were al bone; Wyþ hem cam a fflute of fflode, Þritty schipesà trois cent nès, Wace, i. 335, l. 7231; cum trecentis navibus, Galf. Mon. vi. 13. alle gode; Knyghtes þat wolde wende for wages, Wyþ Octa wenten to þe ryuages. After þat fflute, com ouer þe se Schipes vmwhile by two orbi. þre, 2By foure & fyue, by six & seuene, By eyghte & nyne, by ten & enleuene;22-2 P. leaves out these two lines, though Wace begins at four ships and goes up to ten, i. 335, l. 7237-8. In a þrowe were mo Payen men, Or al so manie, as were Cristen. Þis seye þe Bretons, & were onoyed,noied. & seide þe kyng þe lond destruyed; To þe kyng þey pleyned in curteys sawe;þei praied him he suld not drauh. " Payens ageyn þe Cristen lawe " Bygynneþ gretly vs to greue; " To wende a-wey, sire, gyue þemMS. vs. P. gif þam. (Départe les, Wace, i. 336, l. 7249; ut ipsos expelleret, Galf. Mon. vi. 13.) leue, " Alle, or þe moste partye, " ffor to Cristendom ȝe do vylenye." Þe kyng answered, & seyde, "nay, " Y sente for þem; þey serue to pay." ¶ Vortimerus, filius ffortigerni, factus est Rex. Whan þe Bretons herde þat þe kynge Wolde nought leue for no þynge, At Londone þey sette a Parlement, & Vortymer to kyng þey hent, Þe eldest sone of ffortyger, Þat was a doughti bacheler. Þis Vortymer dide crie a cry, ' Þat no Saxon. . . . . krie a kri þat no sessone. were so hardy, ' In his demeynes dwelle ne be, ' Neyþer in burgh ne in cite.' Anon alle out he dide hem keste;smertli all did þam out kest. Among þe Bretons myghter non reste.non mot rest. Þe kyng, for loue of his wyf, Held wyþ þe Saxons, & meyntend strif.held þe sessons mantende stryfe. De infortuniis Saxonum. Hys sone hadde þer-wyþ enuye, & sey his ffader meyntende folye; He spied þe Saxoyns,sessons. whar þey ware, & chased hem as hound doþ þeþam als hunde dos. hare; His folk was god, hym-self doughti, & meyntende wel his party. Baldely bolded on hym þe Bretons Ageyns his fader & þe Saxons;sessons.De exilis Saxonum. ffoure tymes þey bataille nomen, & euere þe Saxoynssessons. were ouer-comen; Þe firste bataille was vpon Derewent, Þer were þe Saxonssessons. alle y-schent; Þat oþer at Berforde, att a brok,Breford at a broke. (Epifor, Wace, l. 7273; Episford, Galf. Mon.) Þer þe Saxons eft bataille tok,þer eftsons bataile þei toke. Þer was Hors & manye anoþer Ageyn Catyger, Vortymeres broþer; Gretly þey ȝernde ilk oþer tasayle, & boþe were slayn at þat bataille. Þe þridde tyme in Kent, at an hauen; To þer schipes þeras. P. transposes the next two lines. þey were drawen; Þer wer þey so harde byset, Þey fledde to þe yle of Tanet; ffro byȝonde Humber, vnto þat ylde, Was no Saxonsessons. so bold ne wylde, Þat he ne dide hym þyder chace, ffor in ffortigerfor all þe kyng. þey fond no grace. Þe Bretons folewed þem & slowe; Þo þat ascaped, to þe hilIlde. þey drowe. I þe yle þey assailled þem þer-ynne Wiþ botes, as þey myghte þemto þam. wynne; By þe se syde on þem þey carf; O þe oþer syde for hunger þey starf. Þan sey Saxonsþe sessons sauh. on ilk syde wo, & þoughte bestþare best it. were to wende þer-fro; Þey sente her sonde to ffortyger, ' Þat he wolde so sende towild praie sir. Vortymer, ' To gyue hem leue a-wey to wende ' Wyþouten slaughter,scaþe. P. leaves out the next two lines. as he was hende; ' ffor þey ne leften nyght ne day ' Þem tasaille wyþ strong afray: ' His trewes, þer-fore, fond vsIn þis treus leue. to gete.' Þen drowe þe Saxonsþe sessons drouh þam. alle to a fflete, & dight þer schipes, & sette vp sayl, Left wyf & childre, & oþer porayl:childe & oþer apparaille. On þis manere a-wey þey scaped, Ouer se til oþer land þeymInto þer awen lond þam. raped. ¶ De Restauracione ecclesiarum per Vortimerum. Vortymer dide þanne restore Þat for þem hadde any lore. He dide kirkes reyse & make,— Þo þat Hengist dide doun schake,— & dide Godes seruise be songe & seyd, Þat for þe Payens longe was leyd. He sente to Rome, to seint Romeyn, & he sente hider þe byschop Germeyn. Þen com wyþ hym seint Lowys, An holy bischop & a wys,— Þey were sent þe londe to assoille,— He kepte þe sege of the apostoylle.see of þe apostole. Þyse two turned þe folk ageyn, To Crist & to his lawe ageyn;to leue þe cristen lawe certayn. & manion þorow hem saued was Þat er wer gyuen to Satanas. Þorow hem schewed God many vertu, Þat in þis lond dide gret pru. ¶ De Maledicta Ronewenna. When þey had stabled Godes lawe Þorow miracle & þorow þer sawe, Anoþer sorewe com vp ryf, Þorow Ronewenne, ffortygeres wyf: Scheo made a drynke þorow treson, & Vortymer sche dide poyson; Scheo poysend hym þat louede Crist, ffor þe payen, hure ffader Hengist. Whan Vortymer wyste he scholde deye— Leches to lyue couþe hym non seye,not seie.— Þen sent he after his barons bolde, Bytaught hem alle his tresor to holde, & seide, "takeþ conseil & red,— " Of me nys non, for y am ded,.I. am bot dede.— " Men of armes swyþeknyghtes of sonde .I. rede. ȝe take, " By alle þe costesbi þe se side. quykly to wake " Þat no Saxoynsesson. on ȝow aryue, " Ne receyueþ non for þyng alyue; " Holdeþ þe stat þat y ȝow wan, " And trauailleþ forþ as y began; " And ȝyf ȝe do als y schal rede, " On ȝow to come þey schul drede. " By þe se side, byrieþ me þere, " Þe sight of me ȝyt schal hem fere;sall þam afere. " & doþ make a toumbe þat longe may last, " Þe sight þerof schal þem agast; " On alle manere ȝe make hit heye, " Þat y be euere ageyn þer eye; " Þat wey of me þan schul þey scurne, " Ne neuere haue grace on me to turne." Þus he þem taughte, þus he þem seyd, & þenne byforn þem alle he deyd. Bot þei dide nought his comandement;Heu promorte Vor|timery! Þe dedes conseyldede conseile. ys sone ouer-went,—Nota. To Londone his body þey bar, & in þe cite biried hym þar. Þen wax ffortiger ful stout; Als he fore dide, hehe are was. regned þorowout. Ronewenne þenne hure lord bysought Þat Hengist myghte a-geyn be brought. Anon tystill his. [went=turned] wif, his wille he went, & after Hengist his lettre sent: To come sleightly he scholdecom slily he suld. fonde, & litel folk wyþ hym bryngebot bring not mykell folk. to londe, 7So þe barons þem nought mispaye, Ne þe comun folk affraye;77-7 P. leaves out these two lines. " Hit nedeþ no þyng gret folk to haue, " ffor Vortymer lygges dedMS. dred. P. dede. in graue." ¶ Hengistus reconsiliatus est. When Hengist herde þo tydinges, His God he þanked,he þankid his godes. & made offrynges; He dight hym folk, an hundredþre hundreth. (trois cent mil|liers, Wace, i. 343, l. 7380; trecenta millia, Galf. Mon. vi. 15.) þousand Of armed men, brought þem to land. Many a Breton þen dredde hym sore, & so schold oþer þat þenne [ne]þan ne. wore. When þe kyng herde Hengist was comen, & wiþ mykel folk þe londhauen. had nomen, He dredde hym sore, & mente his mone. Þe Bretons were greued oneseuer. ilkone, & seide 'þey wolde doþei suld fond. þer myght ' To sle þem doun wyþ force && do him flie þorgh force of. fight.' Bot Hengist herde, what loud, what stille, Þe Bretons to hym hadde yuelhad wikked. wille. Hym self was euere ful feloun; He sente to þe kyng al in tresoun, ' Þat he wolde speke wyþ alle in pees, ' & simplelyscmpely. A fresh scribe (? not the second) writes this page of P. and has -in, -is, -id, &c. wyþouten pres; ' Pes he asked, pes wolde he seke, ' Til hym in pes he wolde bewild him. meke, ' & he wolde nought þe Bretons greue, ' Ne dwelle wiþ force ageyn þer leue, ' Bot chese þem-seluen, as þey wol say, ' Wheþer we schul dwelle, or go our way.'or at þer will go home þer weie. On þat couenaunt & þat deuis Þey hadde trewes on boþe partys. When þe partys to trewetreus. wer brought, Hengist of treson hym byþought;who wild haue wend of treson þoght. Þorow trist of trues, oftreist & treus on. on assent Þey sette a day of Parlement Opon þe Playne of Salesbury, Byside the Merueille of Aumbresbyry,Nunnis of Ammesberi. (l'abeic, Wace, i. 344, l. 7410; cœnobium, Galf. Mon. vi. 15.) Þey bede Hengist no gret folk lede, Bot senglely come, & nomansimpli no man suld. drede, & what lordyng he gan mete, Als he þem dredde he scholdeso suld he. lete. Hengist sent hym bode a-geyn, Þat he wolde comen to þe Playn Wyþoute armure on any wyght, ffor drede of contek & of fight. ¶ De tradicione Hengisti, & occisione Britonum cum Sexis. To þat playne þey come þat day, Of Salesbury, þe firste of May, Many a man (wyþouteþoru. somons) Of þe Saxonssessons. & of þe Bretons: Hereþ now how Hengist þought,heres now hov . . . . . wroght. What treson he schop to be wrought.þis treson who wild haue þoght. " ffelawes," he seyde, "what so bytydes, " Get ȝow knyues egged onpuruey ȝou kniues egid. boþe sydes, " & ber þem priuely, þat non ne se, " In ȝoure hoses harde by ȝour kne.In ȝoure bosums be ȝour the. " When we haue þem, & þey vs gret, " & ilkon of vs by a BretonIlkone be sidyn oþer. set,— " On alle manere fondes how, " Ay on of hem, anoþer& on. of ȝow,— " Nymeþ outtakis oute. ȝour sexes when y so say, " & handes on ȝour felawes lay, " On ilka Breton þat sittes ȝou nest, " & strykeþ hem ded þorow bak && smyte with knife þrou bak or. After, brest P. adds, all gate þat ȝee him slo. no poer haue ferer to go. brest." When Hengist to þem þus had yseyd,whan þis treson to þem was said. Ilka Saxonman. a sex purueyd, & com to þe Playne of Salesbury, ffair felawschip,felichip. & ful mury. When þey were alle set in fere, Als he had seid hem þesaid on þat. manere, " Nymeþ outtakis oute. ȝour sexes," seide Hengist; Bot what hit mente þe Bretons nyst.ne wist. Þe Saxonssessons. anon þer sexes drowe;drohe . . . . . slohe. His felawe next, þe Saxonssessons. slowe. Þe kyng sey þat, anon vp stirt, Bot Hengist laughtymtoke him. by þe skirt, & he held hym as stille as ston, Þat he mighte helpe to saue non. Þe Bretons seye þey were by-traischt,be traist. fful deolfuly were þey þenne abayscht.So sodenly þei were o beist. Þat so sodeynly had þer lyues& þer liues so sone. reft/, & so fewe lordes as þer were left; ffor þer wer slayn of knyghtesbarons. bolde Þre hundredquatre cens, Wace, i. 346, l. 7438; quadringentos, Galf. Mon. vi. 15. & sexti Bretons tolde; Alle were þey lordesall riche men. euerilkone, ffor whilk þe lond made mykel mone; & þo þat ascaped out of þe place, Wyþ stones foughte aswit stonis fauht wen. þey had space; ffyghtyng þey fledde, þey hadde alffehtand þei fled as þei had. nede. Þe ErlErell. of Gloucestre was in þat drede; A tre he laughte, & þer-wyþ smot, & his dint on þe SaxonsSessons. bot; Sire Eldok, þe noble Erl soþis erill sir Eldok he. hight, His dint wyþ-stonde, no Saxonto stond his dint non ne. myght, ffor he slow þer of Hengistesþe Hengist. men, Als hit telles, twentyseuenti. (soixante dis, Wace, l. 7449; septuaginta, Galf. Mon., vi. 16.) & ten. He bar hym so in þat pres Þat of wounde he was wem-les, Þey seye he scaped soþei sau he wus schapid. wyþ þe lyf, & kesten after hym many a knyf; Þer his hors was, þider he ganþer his hors was þidir him. spede, & to Gloucestre on þat hors he ȝede;on him to gloucestre he fled. And so he warnyscht al þat toun Þat þey ne dredde no Saxoun.sessoun. (These readings will not be given again.) Þen SaxoynsSessons. (These readings will not be given again.) wolde han slayn þe kyng, Bot Hengist wold nought for no þyng; He bad hem "leue, do him bot god, " ffor he haþ auaunced mykel my blod: " Als in lawe he ys my sone, " Elles he scholde oþer weys mone." Þey ledde hym þenne to London, & þer þey dide hym in prison. London was þeirs, to Lincolne þey hasted, Wynchestre & ȝork þey toke & wasted. ffortyger saw how þat hit foor;fore . . . . . suore. What þey hym asked, he þem swor. ffor to ben out of þer prisoun, & quit of alle manere raunsoun, He graunted þem þanne to haue Southsex, Oxenfordschire,& estsex. (Essexe, Wace, i. 348, l. 7474, from MS. du Roi, 73, Cangé.) & Middelsex, ffor þey marchen vponmerched opon. Kent Þat he gaf Ronewenne to rent. & forto mene ȝyt of þe tresons Of þe sexes & of þe Saxons, Þo countres haue þer-of þehaf þo cuntres þerfor to. name, Sexes, fo[r] þe Saxons schame. 5Sire ffortiger þe kyng þankede God þo, Þat so quit & sker had lat hym go.55-5 Whan þe kyng sir Vortiger. was laten go quyte & clere. Toward Walys þen fledde he ȝerne, ffer awey byȝonde Seuerne; Þere he dwelled & made soiour: Now hereþ how he þer made his tour. ¶ De castello ffortygerny in Wallia. He dide sende after þe clergye, Þe wysest men of astronomye; At hem alle, conseil he took, ' How he myghtym safliest loksauely loke. ' A-geyn his enemis for to fende, ' ȝyf host byseged hym as he wende.' Þus redde hym þenne his conseillours: ' To make a strong castel wiþ tours ' Þat non wyþ force mighte hit take, ' Ne wyþ engyns hit perebrake;non engine perbrake. ' & when hit [was]whan it were. dight at his auys, ' To warnyschitwarnissed. ageyn his enemis.' In fele stedes þenne ches he Where was best & most ese. On an hil hight Mount de Tyre,Mont de Rir, Wace, i. 349, l. 7510; ad Erir montem, Galf. Mon., vi. 17. Þer-on was his moste desire; Masons brought he þenneslie he brouht. þer-tille, Bygonne þat castelwerk obegan a kastell opon. þat hille; Morter þey made, & ston dide fet, & spedde hem faste þer-on to set. Alle þat þey made a day vpright, ffallen was doun vpon þat nyght; Often þey les al þeyr iornes, Þat what [þei]þat þei. made, lay doun on knes. Þat saw þe kyng hit misferdeþe kyng sauh it misfare. so; Þe maistres he dide eft com hym to, & preide þem telle 'what þyng hit deres ' Þat þe erþe þys werk ne beres; ' & ȝif þey mighte, þey scholde fonde ' To wyte what myghte don hit stonde.' Þys wyse maistres þer bokes kest,maistres lotes caste. (ont de|viné et sortoi, Wace, i. 351, l. 7529.) Why þat werk ne wolde nought lest; Þey fondyt þenne in þer musyng,fond in þer lotes kestyng. A gret selcouþ, & telde þe kyng: " ȝyf ani man myghte a child fynde " Þat hadde no fader of mankynde, " ȝyf he were taken & slayn sone,on one. " & menged his blod wyþ morter & stone, " Vpon þat morter þat blod wer inne, " Þat werk men mygh[t] safly bygynne." Þe kyng als sone his sonde sent, ffro toun to toun þorow Walys went; In ilka contre, þorow eueryþorgh ilk a. schire, He hadde spyes for to spyre; & in oþer landes seeres Sente þe kyng his messegers: Two to-gyder, aboute þey ȝede, Þe bettere for to spirre & spede. Two of þyse wente þorow Walys, Of swylk a child ȝif þey herde tales. So fer in to þe lond þey nam, Atte last to Kermerdyn þey cam: By-fore þe ȝates y þe way Sawe þey manye childre play; Bytwyxt to þer a stryf þey herde, Of grete reprefsvpbreide. ilk oþer onswerde; Þey wyþ-stode, & gon abyde ffor to here þe childrenchildir. chide. When wraþe bygynneþ, þen comeþ vmbreyd;wrath comes þan is vpbreid. Al þat men wot, ys þen forþ seyd; So dide þey þat weren wroþe,— Dynabus, Merlyn, (þus hight þey boþe,)— ¶ Dynabus seyde, "Let be, Merlyn! " ȝyf þou me vmbreyde,þou vpbreid. þe schame ys þyn.Merlinus. " Y am born of heyer kynde " Þan any man of þe may fynde. " Hit aughte þe schame in al þy lyue " Þat þou, Merlyn, wyþ me wilt stryue; " ffor y am come of kynges blod, " & þou, Merlyn, art nought so god; " Þy kynde & myn ys no þyng euen, " Ne þy fader canstow nought neuen, " Ne neuere hym seye, ne hym ne knew, " Ne of what kynde þat he grew! " Þer wot no man of wham þart come,ne no man of þe may kone. " Þer-fore y halde þe no mannes sone!" Þe messegers lystned, & þought Þat swylk a child hadde þey sought; Þey spirdþe spired. at men of þat cite, Þat Dynabus seyde, ȝyf hit myght be, Þat ffader wystey hym hauewist þei him haf. non. Þey of þe cite seyde ylkon, " His moder we knowe, þat hym bare; " Of his fader ne wyte we whare; " Hys moder kynde alle we knawe,knowe . . . . . sowe. " Bot his ffader we neuere sawe. " Scheo was þe kynges doughter, Dymenice,demetie. " Of Walys he hadde half partye; " Scho ys nonne of relygion " At Seint Petres kirke of þis toun." Þey ȝede to þe Meyre of Kermerdyn, O þe kynges halue asked Merlyn Þat neuere ȝit no fader had; His moder also wyþ hym þey lad. Þe Meyre þen wolde þem nought werne, Bot sped þem on þer wey ful ȝerne. Þey come to þe kyng ffortyger, & he welcomed hem on faire maner: ¶ "Dame," seyde þe kyng, "welcome be þou! " Nedlike at þe y mot wyse how,Dicta Matris Merlyny. " Who þan gat þy sone Merlyne, " & on what manere was he þyne." His moder stod a þrowe, & þought, Er sche to þe kyng onswered ought. When scheo had standestanden. a litel wyght, Sche seyde, "by Marye bright,bi ihesu in Mari liht. " Þat y ne sey, ne neuere knew, " Hym þat þis child on me sew;knaue on me sewe. " Y ne wiste neuere, ne y ne herde, " What maner wyghtschap. wyþ me so ferde; " Bot þis þyng am y wel of graunt, " Whon y was of elde auenaunt, " On com þer to my bed, y wyst, " & wyþ force me cliptehe me halsed. & kyst; " Als a man y hym felt, " & als a man he me welt, " And als a man he spak to me, " Bot what he was myght y nought se. " So often to my bed he cam, " & ofte me kyste, in armes nam, " & knew me als a man schold do, " Byfore ne syþen did neuere non so: " Al þusþusgaiel conseyued y þys knaue, " & als y wiste, told-y ȝow haue." Þen dide þe kyng a maister calle, MagaitMagaunt. (Malgant, Wace, i. 356, l. 7623.) he highte, wysest of alle; He asked ȝyf hit myghte be so, Þat þyng þat scheoals scho. telde þem to. " ȝe,"ȝa. seyde þe Maistere to þe kyng, " Hit may bityde, swylkaof suilk a. þyng. " ffor we fynde writen in our scrytes " Of swylk manere of spyrites; " Bytwyxte þe mone & þe erþe þei wone— " So telleþ vs our bokes þat we kone;— " Som what tak þey of mannes kynde, " & mengyt wyþ angles, as we fynde; " ffor þeyr wonyng ys in þe eyr, " Vmwhile to þe erþe þey make repeir. " Mykel skaþe do þey nought; " Drecchynge by tymes hauepoyntes haf. þey wrought. " Mannes nature vmwhile þey take; " Þat ys þer myght þey may so make, " Whan hit ys tyme of here powere, " To haue lyknesse of bodyes here.sere. " What tyme þey tak hit, wot noman " Bot he þat al may wyte & kan. " Þise spyrites do women schame; " Incuby / demones, ys cald þer name, " ffendes-in-bedde, as our bokesso þei. sayn, " Þat many woman han forlayn. " On þis manere myghte Merlyn " Be geten & born, byin. oure deuyn." ¶ Þen seide Merlyn: "Sire kyng! þou has " Sent after me; sey me þywhat. cas!Dicta Merlyny. " What þou wilt, sey me þy wille, " Wheþer hit is for god oþer ylle!" Þen seid þe kyng, "þou schalt here; " ffor þe y sente, at þe to lere. " A castel y haue bygonne,begunnen. " & lore þer-on þat y haue wonne;& lost þerfor þat .I. haf wunnen. " Al þat þey make þer on a day, " O nyght aloneholy. stand hit ne may; " & eft when þey gynnebegyn. þe walles, " Eyþer hit synkes, or cleues, or falles; " & ffayn y wolde þe werk haue hasted, " & mykel of myn þer-fore ys wasted, " Bot þus seide alle my dyuinours, " Þat þer ne schal stande wal ne tours " Bot þy blod þer-on be schad, " Þow þat neuere no fader had." Þenne seide Merlyn, "þat wold nought God, " Þat swylk a fals schold be bytrowd,suilk fals worde so suld be trod. " Þat þorow þe mengynge of my blod " Þy tour schold stande strong & god. " Y schal proue þem fals fur-sworn " ȝyf þou brynge þem me byforn: " Þo þat on me lotes cast, " & seyde my blod myght makytmot. fast, " Y schal þem þroue for lyeres olde, " Þylkeþo ilk. maistres þat þe so tolde." Þe kyng dide þem come ilkone, Ageyn Merlyn hym self alone. " Maistres," he seyde, "what haue ȝe seyd, " What lotes haue ȝe on me leyd, " ffor þys þyng ys þus ffarand, " Þe kynges werk hit may nought stande? " Con ȝe sey non oþer enchesouncheson. " Whi þat þis castel þus falles doun? " & ȝyf ȝe can non oþer sey " Why þat hit falles som certeyn wey, " How couþe ȝe wyte þat þorow my blod " Þis tour myght stande stark & god? " Seys what þyng ys onin. þe ground " Þat hit ne may stande hol nemay not be hole &. sound, " & seyþ what þyng hit helpe myght, " Þat þys castel myght stande vpright. " & ȝyf ȝe ne conne nought do hym wyte " What þe fallyng may wyþ-syt,with site. " Þat ȝe haue seyd, hit ys bot fable, " Þat my blod schold make hit stable! " Seys now hym al þe desturblaunce,disturbance. " & where-of comeþ þat wonder chaunce!" Þise maistres of astronomie & of deuynþat said þat devyne. Onsweredansuerd . . . . . ansurd. nought o word to Merlyn. When Merlyn sey þey ne onsweredansuerd . . . . . ansurd. nought, Right to þe kyng he sayde his þought: ¶ Dicta Merliny ad Regem. " Syre kyng," he saide, "gyf now entent!þi tent. " By-neþe þe erþe, atte ffundement, " Is a water rennyng dep,rynnand depe. " Þat makes þy werk slyden o slep.to slide o slepe. (Par quoi ta tor en terre font, Wace, i. 359, l. 7694.) " & serteyn þer-of [þat] þou be, " Do graue þe erþe al vp, & se." Þe kyng dide come mynoursgrauers. ynowe, Þat þe erþe vp caste & drowe. As Merlyn seyde, þe water þey fond. " ȝe maistres," seid Merlyn, "of þys lond, " ȝyf ȝe con telle vs now here " What merueille ys in þys ryuere, " Seyeþ now þe righte certeynete, " ȝe þat diuined þe deþ of me!" Þe maistres alle stille þey stod, Þey seyden neyþer yuelseid noiþer ill. ne god. Þen to-ward þe kyng Merlyn gan turne: " Do scope þis water, & turn þe borne.burne. " Sykes do ȝe graue & groupe,MS. groupes. P. groupe. " Þe water þer-innein þam. men schal scoupe." Þe kyng dide come folk ynowe, Þat þe water wiþ scopes vp drowe. ¶ De diuersitate duorum Draconum. When þe water was oute clene, Merlyn schewed what hit wold mene: He telde þe folk alle atones, Þat "y þe ground leye two holetuo holle. (hole-y, Fr. chaves. Wace, i. 360, l. 7712.) stones; " By-twyxte þe stones were to dragons, " Þat dide hym make al þeþis. somons. " Do þat þo stones weren a twynne, " Þe dragons schul ȝe fynde wyþynne."þer Inne. Þey brast þe stones vp al so tyt, & founde a red dragon & a whyt.The explanation and dragon|fight are not in Geoffrey of Mon|mouth. Þis rede dragon was grym to se; ffel to fyghte þen semed he; Þe white was nought so grym ofgrimly in. sight, Ne so fel semyngsemand. to fyght. " Sire kyng," seid Merlyn, "to me þou herk! " Þyse two dragons fordede þy werk! " ffor whan þy werk on heyght[e] larged, " Þen schok þe ground,þe grounde satled. & þeym ouer charged; " Þen meued þey hem, þe water al quok, " & þe werk abouen al schok;to schoke. " Of þat y seyde, nought y ne ley."say nouht .I. leih. Vp in to þe eyr þe dragons þen fley, & foughte so þat hit was selcouþ; fflaumes as fyr fley froof fire com of. þer mouþ. Al þe folk seide comunly, Þey hoped þe rede schold haue þe maistri. When þey hadde longe to-gyder smyten, Spatled, spouted, belewed,spouted sperkes bolned. & byten, Wyppyng wyþ wenges, ouer-wepenwipped . . . . . ouerwarpen. & went, Cracchyng wiþ clawes, rubbed, & brent;kracchid with clawes rombed & rent. Þe bataille lasted day & nyght, Vntil þat oþer day was lyght. Þe folk wondred þat þe white dragoun To þe rede had any foysoun. At þe ende, þe white a fflaume out cast, Þat þe rede bolnede & brast. When he was ded, þe rede dragoun, Þe white ȝede & leyde hym doun; Þre daye þen lyued he, & na mo, Þe ferþe he deyde, y trowe, for wo. ¶ Vortyger sey þanne þis chaunce; He askede Merlyn þe signifiaunce, & preyed hym telle what hit wild mene, Wheþer hit tokned ioye or tene. Þenne seyde Merlyn many thynges, What y þis lond schuld tide of kynges, Þat are in Blase bokes write,

See Geoffrey of Monmouth's "Liber septimus, qui est de Pro|"phetiis Merlini." Wace leaves it out too:

Ne voil son livre tranlater, Quant jo n'elsai entepréter: Nule rien dire ne volroie Qu'issi ne fu com jo diroie. Wace, i. 361 ll. 7733-6.

— Þey þat hauyt, mowe hit wyte,þo þat it haf þei it witen.— And in Tolomer & sire Amytayn;(?) Auntayn. Þyse hadde Merlynes bokes playn, ffor þyse þre write his prophecyes, And were his maistres in serwere maistres at sere. partyes. Som men haue þem mykel in hande, Þat con nought þem wel vndestande. Y sey for me, y naue no wyt To open þe knottes þat Merlyn knyt. Men may sey more þan he haþ seyd, Þat noþyng þer-to may be leyd. Merlyn spak on swylk a manere, Þat til hit be gon, non may hit lere. ¶ De interpretacione draconum per Merlynum. Þe kyng held Merlyn in mikel pris, ffor his seynge was god & wys. (In ffortiger tyme, men hitMerlin men. told, He was þat tyme bot twolf ȝer old.) Þe kyng bisoughtym þat he wold seye What manere deþ þat he schold deye.dede he suld dye. " Sire kyng, to wyte hastowhaues þou. desir: " Al way war þewar þe wer þe. (Garde-toi, dist|il, garde-toi, Wace, i. 361, l. 7742.) wel fro fyr " ffro Constantes childre,Constant Childir. þat ar comand, " Þat sone schul aryuen here on land. " Þou signefiestsignifise. þe rede dragoun, " Þat ffader & broþer slowe wyþ tresoun; " & hit menes, þer bataille strong, " Þat þou hast haldeþou haues. þer lond wyþ wrong. " Þe white dragon ys syngnefiaunce " Þat þey schul take of þe vengaunce: " fful yuel þou slowe þer ffader & broþer,An euell þou didis þou slou þer broþer. (The second scribe began again in P. at line 8229.) " & madest þe kyng, þat was anoþer. " Þe þridde combraunce þat ȝit þe mones, " Þou receyuedest þe Payens Saxones. " On alle halue comes þy wo: " Þe Saxoyns wyl waite þe to slo; " I þat oþer halue þe eyres schul come, " & aske þer lond of þe þorow dome; " Þey ar now saylyngesailand. in þe se; " Awey by tyme y rede þow fle. " Þey schulsall. aryue vp at Toteneys " To morn, wyþ hors & wyþ harneys; " To renne on þe [þey] schulsall. þem renge; " ffader & broþer þey schulsall. þan venge. " Þer þou wenst best recetwote best refute. to haue, " ffle now faste,suyth. þy self to saue. " ȝyt schal y warne þe of þys þynge, " Aurelius schalsall. first be kyng; " & he schalsall. lyue nought bot a stounde; " Þorow poyson schalsall. he be brought to grounde. " Vter, his broþer, after hym schalsall. be " Kyng, & regne als dide he. " Vter sone schal com fro Cornewaille, " As a fyghtyng borals a feihtand bore. in bataille; " Þe traiturs of þyne þat he may fynde, " He schal furdo, and al þer kynde; " Of prowesse he schal haue þe pris, " & destruye alle his enemis." Merlyn stynte,left. & spak namore. Þen fforteger tok hisat Vorliger he toke. (Et Vor|tiger d'iloc torna, Wace, i. 363, l. 7778.) leue þore; ffo[r] þes tydynges dwelt hene Vortiger duellid. nought, On Merlynes wordes was al his þought. ¶ Hic de Aurelyo Rege. Þat oþer day, as Merlyn seyd, Totenesse was vmbyleydbe layd. Wyþ schipes wyþ þe childrenchildir. host, & spred aboute by al þe cost. Bretons þat herde, & weren blyþe; Þey gadered þem, & þyder swyþe; Þo þat were a-sondred fulor sundird. wyde, Com to Toteneys on ilka syde; Lordes riden, & fotmen ran, Bretons were bliþe ilka man. Hengist byforn had don hem skulke In wodes, in hilles, to crepe in hulke,to krepe & hulk. & had ney slayn al þer barons Wyþ þe sexes of þe Saxons.Wace, MS. du Roi, 73, Cangé. De Lincy's No. 27 has 'Des castiax ot la signorie,' Wace, i. 364, l. 7790.) Þen were þey bolde of þe cominge; Þey tok Aurelius, & made hym kyng. Wyþ þe Bretons was blisse ynough,eneughe. & þretten Hengist to wake hys wough.wakin his wouh. ¶ þys tidyng com to ffortiger, Þat Aurelius & sire Vter Were comen, & hadde seysed þe lond, Þeym to venge, ȝyf þey hym fond. ffor þo tydynges & þo tales He fledde & warnyschet hemwanisid him. in Wales;— Genoyre hight þe castel name, (I not ȝyf hit haue ȝit þe same;) Þe hil hight Cloart, þer men hit kennes, & byside þe water of Weyebe side wye a water þat. rennes; Þe contre þat hit standes yn, Þe name þer-of hight Dergryn;Hergrin.— Þider gadered his folk & þaire vitaille, & warnyschetwarnisid it. hem, ȝyf ought myght vaille. ¶ Þe ȝonge kyng & his broþer, Wyþ mania Breton, on & oþer,De Morte ffortygerny. & folk wyþ hym þat he brought, In Walys fforteger þey sought. Þey byseced straite his castel;besegid his castell Genoire. ffele arewes þey schotten, & quarel& fondit ȝif þei might it peire. Þey caste þer-to, on manie a gate, ffor þey had þer-to ful gret hate. I þe ost was þe erlerell (still in the second scribe's hand). of Gloucestre,— In Walys he knew al þe estre,— Eldok he highte, man of honur, And hardy knyght & god werrour. Þe kyng Aurelius asked hym red ffor to venge his fader ded, & seyde, "Sire Erl,erell (still in the second scribe's hand). þou furgetest ylk del " Þat my fader feffed þe wel, " & gaf þe armes, & made þe knyght; " Syþen my broþer, in al his myght; " & ȝif þou louedestlouedis. hym feyþfuly, " Help me to venge his enemy! " Let now no god wille be wane, " Bot help to venge my fader bane! 5."Þenk o þe Payens þat sexes drow, " & at þe Parlement þe lordes slow!"55-5 & þink hov he ye paiens droughe þat Hengist at þe parlement slouh. (leaf 50, where the first scribe begins again.) When Eldok herde, he made swilk mone, Þey cried "asHas. armes" euerylkone, To gyuemak. assaut to þem wyþynne; Bot þe castel was yuelill. to wynne. Þey comaunded to al men lyk,þat all olike. Wiþ brusch to come,brusche suld com. & fylle þe dyk. When hit was ful, fir þey set, & on a lowe at ones hit set; Þe lowe was mikel, & vp-ward stey, So þat hit in to þe castel fley, & vp in to þe tour hit went, Þat alle þe houses aboute brent; Castel, houses, wyþ al þer atyr, Man & best, al was on fyr; Til al was brent, woldit nought lynne.wald it not blynne. Þe kyng hym self was brent þer-ynne, & alle his folk euerylkone, Brente to deþe, body & bone. Of ilka traytour swilk ys þe ende! Last of his lyue wyþ wo schalill sall. wende! Of a traitour ys al of spoken; Of Hengist wolde þe kyng be wroken. When Aurelius & sire Vter Were venged on sire ffortyger, Al þe land, ouer al aboute, Wyþ loue he did hit til hym loute. Whan he wyste þat al þe land Was til his wille bowand, He seide, ' he wolde no lenger abide; ' Agayn þe Saxons wold he ryde, ' Deliuere þe land of þem al klene; ' Þey han vs do fulhaf vs wrouht. mykel tene.' Hengist herde þo tydynges seye, Toward Scotland he namtoke. his weye; Þe souþ contre al he fursok, & ouer Humber þe way he tok; Ofat. Scottes & of Peytes þere He hoped of help, ȝyf nede we[re]. Þe kyng hym spedde,spied. when he hit wiste, Toward þe northe after Hengyste. When Bretons herde þe kyng passed Humbre, So fele to hym come, men myghtem nowt noumbre. Towards þe northe al ways[te] þeywaste he. (Mult trova li rois pais gaste, Wace, i. 368, l. 7867.) fonde, Were þere non left myght tyle þe londe, Casteles broken, tounesMS. þey breken tounes þey. P. wisely leaves out the two þeys. brent, Holy kirke was broke & schent; Þyse Payens Saxoyns al had reft. Þen sey þe kyng nought wasterwas there. P. has was only. left: Al he highte to restore, ȝyf he myght lyue, & eft comeif he had life eft to com. þore, ¶ Whan Hengist wyste þatherd. þe kyng cam, ffor drede he ne wyste whatfor him he wist þe. wey he nam; ffor to fle myght hit nought vaille, Bot ned he mest bydenede bord him stand to. bataille. He calde his felawes,called his folk. & bad þem rest, & seide, " felawes, what ys þe best? " Þis Bretons folewe vs faste & ney; " Vs by-houes be queynte & sley. " In bataille now þeywe. wil vs frayst, " Lok þat ȝe be trewe & traist; " Dredeþ nought þer gret compaignye; " ȝyf we wel stande, sone schul þey flye. " Wel wot ȝe what Bretons are; " Þey feynte ful sone ȝyf non þem spare. " Standeþ styf & truelystandes stifly a þrow. ageyn, " We schul þen of hem make feldes pleyn.þan gif þei bak & þe felde all playn. " Wyþ fewe, we han seyn manywith litill folk many a. tyme, " We haue þeym sondred & smyten in swyme. " Tak ȝe non hedeMak ȝe no force. of þeyr grete host, " ffor wel ȝe wot þei ar bot bost, " & fals folk, wyþ feble heuede;Nota. " ffor þem our wed schal nought be leued. " He ys a child þat hem ledes! " He can nought ȝit on swylk[e] dedes!of suilk dedis. " & we ar noble werreours " Þat han be& has ben. proued in many stours! " Standes now wel ageyn ȝour fo! " Raunsom for vs non may go. " Defende oure lyues, best is to chese, " Now al to wynne or al to lese!" When Hengist had conforted hem þus, Þey armed þeym alle att o frusch,at a frusse. & riden fol softe & semly Ageyn þe Bretons wyþouten cri. Þey hoped vnarmed þe Bretons mete, & al vnwarned on þem schete; Bot þe Bretons, ilka conrey, Were as wel armed as þey; Þey hadden of þe Payens drede, Night & day armed þey ȝede. Þe kyng herde seye þey come þat syde, And to bataille þey wolde abide; A feld he ches, fair & brod, He wente þyder, & þere abod. De Bello inter Aurelium Regem & Hengystum. Þre hundredþousand. (mil, Wace, i. 370, l. 7915.) knyghtes of his meyne Þat wyþ hym comen ouer þe se, Alle doughty knyghte, fro ferne he fet.ferne fette. Boþe batailles þen sone wer set;bi þe to side all were selte. Of þe Walsche he tok totoke tuo. companies, Paþes to waite, & stretes, & styes, Þat Payens schulde for no nede Þe hylles take, ȝyf þeym fel drede. & þe wodes he dide so loke Al so wel þat non þem toke, Þat ȝyf ony þider drowe, Þe Walsche men sone þem slowe, Þe star-worþeststalworthest. to fyght & fende, & his owen bataille þen schuldehis awen bataile suld. be hende. When his bataillesbarons. wer set & dight, Renged & redy forrenged all redi to. to fyght, Þe men of kuythekith. (Od ses homes fu naturax, Wace, i. 370, l. 7931.) þat he wel knewe, Þat he wyste were godetreist. & trewe, Þem dide he bere his baner, & fro þo was he nought fer; Sire Eldok was euere hym by, & oþer barons also were ney. " Lord," seide Eldok, "had y þat grace, " Hengist for to mete in place! " Wel oughteWele burd. (mene = A.-Sax. mænan, mind, remember, Bosworth.) me þe treson mene " Þat on þe playne ȝit is wel sene: " Þe flour of al þis Empyre " Wer slayn bysydes Ambresbyreambirschire. " Þe firste day of clene May. " Wyþ mikel wowith mykill. y scaped away; " Vneþes to Gloucestre y wan,cam. " Elles had we beþat þei were. slayn, ilkaman." Als Sire Eldok þus mente his mone, Com Hengist & his men ylkone, & vmbyleyden al þe feld, Redy armed wyþ sperehelm. & scheld. Sone after þatwas with þam. þey were comen, Þe bataille bytwyxte þem wasnouht full long sen. nomen. Boþe partys ful fellyparties felonly. hated, Þe sonner to-gedere þey þem raped:abated. þer myghte men se strokes set Bytwyxt enemis þat scharplysmertli. met; 8[sore he smote, þat smerte couht[So in MS.] smyte; bitterly bote, þat best myght bite; Ilkone peyned oþer to slo, for euerilkone was oþer[es] fo;]88-8From the Petyt MS. Mercy was non on neyþer partye, Ne no raunsom, bot al schold deye. Þorow plate & hauberk þe spere outþorgh schelde & hauberk launces. brast; Ilkon oþer to deþ doun cast; Þat doun wasMS. wast. cast, þem lye mostwas cast die suld. nede, ffor hors & man vpon þem ȝede. fful wel foughte þe Payen men, & mykel better þan didemykell bettere þe. (Et assés mius li Crestien, Wace, i. 372, l. 7964.) Cristen; Bot sone after, þer force gan falle.þe paien force fast gan falle. Vpon þer Godes þen cried þey alle; Þe Crysten cried [for] help to Crist A-gayn þe Payenespaien. force Hengist. Þe Cristenmen þeir bataille brak; When þey wer sondred, þey turd þe& sondred þam þat þei gaf. [? tur the base of tur-n. See tur-de . 8509.] bak; ffele were slayn als þey fledde, & fleyng þey sparplyedfleand þei sparpled. & spredde. When Hengist saw his folk fleand, & his force faille, & myght nowt stande, He ffleyþei fleh. to þe castel of Conyngesburgh, ffor he wende saued haf ben þer-þorough. Þat herde þe kyng, & after ȝerne, Þe entre of þe castel him for toto entre þe kastell he wald him. werne, & cried þen faste, "folewe we toHe cried & said folow fast &. slo! ffor þyse ar þey þat dide vsȝow. wo." When Hengist wiste þe kyng hym sywed,herd þe kyng him sued. Þorow castel þen wold he nought be rescowed: Hit was bot pyne, wel hadde he herd, Wyþoute socour in castel be sperd; Leuere hym were holde hym wyþoute; Þat held he betere, & lassean enture him he was in. doute, Þan yn castel be closed yn, ffor he nyste ho hym out schude wyn.he ne wist who suld him out wynne. ȝit þoughtym best myght hymhe sauh no þing mygh[t] more. a-uaille, To relye his folk, & gyueþan for to stand to. bataille. Þen gedred he his folk þat weren o stray, ffor he wolde ȝit eft& said he suld ȝit. make asay. Þe Payens to bataille turde agayn fful egrely, boþe knyght & swayn, Agayn þe Cristen ful hardyly, & ascryed þem þanne wyþ a gret cry.& discried þam with a cri. At þat comyngcriyng. þe Cristen les, So [s]toutlystifly. þe Payens on þem gan pres: Gryslygreuous. & grym was hit to se, Syn neyþer partye wold blyþelyfo noiþer partie wald biþeli. fle. In auenture þen was þe kynges syde, Bot his þre hundred knyghteshis men. (li trois mil, Wace, i. 373, l. 7990.) holpe wel þat tyde Þat comen out of þe Lytel Bretayn; ffor, þis Paiens þey feld doun playn;opon þe paiens þei mad bargayn. Vpon þe Payens þey trauersed þe feld, & þe kynges side wel vp þey held. Bot þe Payens so faste þey fought, Þey hoped of no socour þat dought, ffor wel þey wyste þat þe ne myght Ascape wyþoute strengþeascaped þorgh force. of fyght; Þer-fore þei foughte as þey were wode, Abated þem boldely,bold. & styfly stode. ¶ De Pungna inter Eldok & Hengystum. As þey were boldest in þer baret, Eldok & Hengist to-gedere met; Sire Eldok, Hengist ful wel knew, His herte a-geyns hym gros & grew: Þey hitif it. so dide, ful wel hit aughte, Gret encheson mad þeym vnsaughte; He preied to God his desirHe þanked god he hoped. fulfil, Þat he of Hengist might haue his wyl. Wyþ scharpe swerdes to-gyder þeywith scharp spere till him he. ran, & Hengist kepte hym as a man; Eldokes strok ful wel he sat, Hengist ageyn anoþer smat; Þer myg[h]te men se fighteres bolde;se tuo Iuste & turne. ffor dynt of deþ spare þey ne wolde;for doute of dede non wild scurne.One stroke too many in the MS. m. Wyþ swerdes of werre doublewith scharp suerdes þei dubled. dyntes, Þe sparkles fleye as fir of flyntes; ȝyf Eldokes help ne hadde be ney, Hengist had hadMS. (haltered) hed. P. has had. þe better party; Bot þe Erl Corlyeuserle Gorleus. of Cornewaille, Cam right ycom in alle. þe moste trauaille. Whan Eldok sey þat þe Erl cam, More hardynesse in herte he nam, fful egrely þanne til Hengist hefor belde of him to Hengist. went, & by þe vysernasell. (nasal, Wace, l. 8012.) he hym hent, & heldit til he had sesed his nekke:— Þe Payens wer al matwere mate. wyþ þat chekke:— " Þanked beMerci. Iesu, þat þou hit wylde! " Þat y haue ȝerned, now ys fulfilde! " Now hauy take oure moste fo, " Þat haþ vs wakned many wo! " Þis ys þe hound—wo mot hym be!— " Þat neuere of vs hadde pyte! 9." Þis hound y soughte, now y hym fond, " He was heued to struye þis lond!99-9Not in the Petyt MS. " Sire Erl, þys hound, þys comelyng, " O myn half present hym to þe kyng, " & sey his enemy ys ouer-comen " Now þys hound Hengist ys nomen!" ¶ De capcione Hengisti per Comitem Gloucestrie. Þan was Hengist ful-likefouly. schent, Þat ffetered to þe kyng was sent. Þen dide þe kyng kep hym ful streit In cheynes bounden for deseit.fo desceite. Hengistes sone þat highte Octa, & his cosyn sire Ebbesa, Wyþ gret pyne þey boþe ascaped, & ȝork to take þey hem raped. Bot whan þey hadde þe toun taken, Warly wayted, & held þem waken, Þoþer þat lefte, fled her & þer, By dounes & dales, byin. wodes ay-wher. Þe kyng was ioyful þat he so spedde, Hengist was taken, & his folk fledde; To Conyngesburghe þe kyng gan turne, & þere þre dayes mad he soiourne, Þe wounded for to hele & reste, Þe Payens fro þe Cristen keste. In þat tyme þat þey þer lay, Þe Bretonsbarons. alle, þat oþer day To conseil þe kyng cald hem to, Þe beste to witeOf Hengist. what were to do: Wheþer Hengist þey reddenMS. reddem. hymwhedir þei red him for. to slo, Or hym enprisone,Hold him in prison. or lete hym go. A byschop onswered,—sire Eldadus, Sire Eldokes broþer,—& seide right þus: " I deme Hengist þe same wys " As in þe bible Samuel seys. " Samuel did Agag to þe ded— " Kyng of Amalek was þat qued,— " A ful fersproude. kyng, riche & kene, " To Godes folk he wroughte al tene, till godes folk he did ay tene. at all his myght wo þam wrouht. & euer werre on þam souht. " He robbed here godes, þer tounes brent, " & alle he slow þat he myght hent. " Swylk sorewesuilk mischefe. myght nought longe dure; " He was taken at a desconfyture, " & brought byfore Saul þe kyng, " ffor his mysdedes to haue demyng.How he had don to here endyng. " Saul asked what iugement " Schuld Agag haue, er þat he went. " Þan ros þe prophete Samuel,¶ Exemplum de Iudicio Hengisti. " Keper of þe folk of Israel, " And vpon Agag handes he leyd; " Tyl hym & alle, þise wordes he seyd: " 'Agag, þou has manion trauailled, " 'Manion slayn, manyon assayled;essillié, Wace, l. 8082, from MS. du Roi, 75153.3. Colb. " 'Many lond mad wast & wylde, " 'Many wydewe, many faderles childe; " 'Þorow þe haue [many] ben lorn & slawen, " 'Many soule & bodies brought of dawe.many saule of body drawen. " 'Þe same wyse schal þy bodysall þi soule. be refte! " 'Childles for þe þy moder ys left!' " Agag siþen he al to-hew, " Thorow out þe contres þe peces þrew, " & seide, 'oueral þou hast don wo, " 'Of þe oueral schal wondersall wondryng. go.' " As þe prophete gaf dom þorow lawe, " So schal ȝe do Hengist to-drawe."so suld ȝe do Hengist of dawe. When sire Eldok herd hym so say, & þat holy wryt schewed þat euene way, Smertly wyþ þe dom al hot, Hengistes heued of he smot. Þen dide þe kyng þe body graue I þe manere of Payen lawe.on þat maner þat paien sall haue. Syþen quikly þe kyng hym spedde, He ȝaredDight. his host, to ȝork þem ledde, Þe toun & his enemys for to wynne;P. leaves out this line. ffor Hengistes sone was þer-ynne, 1 & oþer manye lordynges þer ware, & somme y þe contre in mykel kare.11-1 & many lordes of his kynd. & som in þe cuntre myght men fynd. Þen Octa studied in his þought: To stonde to fens auailled nought; Socour to sende he wyste of non, Þer socour was for euere gon; He couþe se no bettere bote, Bot auntre, & bot for to. falle þe kyng to fote; ffel hit to wysdom or to foly, He schulde auntre hym mercy to cry: & alle his men red hym þer-tyl, Naþeles hit was his owen wyl. Out of þe tourtoun. ilkon cam; As prisoners, barfotals prisons bare fote. þey nam. Octa had don, in stede of streng, Aboute his nekke a chayne heng, & on his knes fel mekely,full myldely. & seide, "Sire kyng! Mercy! Mercy! " Alle oure Godes ar vs failled; " Þat we on trowe, haue vs nought vailled; " ȝour God ys of wel more myght; " Þat we in leue, ar nought so right; " He scheweþ miracle for þy loue; " We ar byneþe, & ȝeMS. we. P. has þou. aboue; " We ar ouer-comen, þer-fore we.I. com; " Mercy to craue,haf. to þe we nom. " Haue here þys cheyne, & do þy wylle, " Wheþer þat ȝe wilwhedir þou will. vs saue or spille! " We ar payed, wheþer þou wylt; " We arn aknowe we haue agilt.I am oknowe .I. haf þe gilt. " To haue oure lyues, ȝyf þou wilt graunt, " What so þou saist, we holde couenauntsais we hold conant. " To serue [þe]þe. til oure lyues ende, " Ne neuere more ageyn þe wende." Þe kyng was of ful gret pite; He saide: "lordynges, what sey ȝe? " What conseil wil ȝe me gyue?" & seide, "rede ȝe þat þey lyue?" Þenne spak þe Byschop Eldadus Vnto þe kyng Aurelius: " Wel ys worþy, mercy to haue, " Þat mekely mercy wyl craue. " Agayn mercy who-so ys grym, " God wyl haue no mercy ofgod has not mercy on. hym. " To þy mercy þey made asay, " Mercy þey seke haue, ȝyf þe[y]þei. may. " ffor Bretaigne ys large & long, " & many stedes wast among, " Deliuere þeym lond þer þayȝe. se skil, " Let þem trauaille þer-on to tyl. " Bot y rede, hostages ȝe take; " Sykernesse þey schulsall. ȝow make, " In alle seruise to be trewe; " & ȝour mercy schal hem be newe. ¶ Exemplum Byblie. " In þe bible ensample bygan: " Þe folk of Gabaot, þat wyþ wrong wan " Of þe Iewes, & syþen hit les; " At þe Iewes þey bysoughte pes, " Of þer wrong bysoughteasked. mercy, " & þey graunted hem al redy. " Syn þey had mercy & pyte, " Wirse þan þey, schul nought do we.suld we not be. " At þe Iewes, ensample nymes, " Graunt hem mercy, lyf & lymes." Þe kyng graunted þem þanne his pes As þe bischop Eldade ches. Bysyde Scotlond he gaf hem londes; Þey tylede, & were grete husebondes;gode hosbondes. Er þey wente, þey geue hostage,he toke ostages. Children of þeyres, of best lynage.childere of þer best lynages. ffiftene dayes his court gan ly, Þen dide he somone al þe clergy,— & gaf þem landes, rentes, & fees,P. transposes these lines.— Bischopes, abbotes, of þe contres.P. transposes these lines. Schirreues, baillifs, he sentesett. ay-whore, His rentes to gadere & to restore; Masons, whrightes, kyrkes dide make, Þat þe Payens dide doun schake; Þat fordon were þorow Hengist, Were wrought a-geyn to serue Crist. ffro þenneþiþen. to Londone euene he went: Þe toun he fond peyred & schent; Kyrkes, houses, were beten doun; To þe kyng þey mente hem of þe toun, Þat many of þe beste burgeys Were fled, euery man his weys.& ilk man ȝede his weis. He bigged eft þat er was playn,— Clerkes, burgeys, dide come agayn,— & gaf ilkon ageyn þer estre. Syþen he wenteturned. to Wyncestre, & bygged kirkes & housesMS. housed. P. houses. þere, Als he had don elles where. Syþen he ȝede to Salesbury, & til þe abbey of Aumbresbury; & til þat stede he tok his waye? MS. a altered to e, or first e to a. Þere Hengist dide þe Bretons deye. Þeyr buryels he þoughte for to honure Wyþ som þyng þat ay myght dure, & ffryþe þefrithe þat. (frithe, preserve.) stede þer þey lay, Þat hit myght laste til Domesday. He dide masons diuise a cast What werk myghte lengest last. ¶ De consilio Tremorii Episcopi. Wyþ þe kyng a clerk was þore, His nameMS. mame. was sire Tremore, Was Erchebischop of Kerlyon; He seyde the kyng a godhe did þe king in. reson: " ȝyf he wolde make a werk fyn,if he wild mak a werk of fyne. " Do send ȝour sonde after Merlyn. " To make þis werk, may no man " Gyue swylk conseil als he can; " He can þe telle what schal bityde: " After hym, y rede, ȝour werk abyde." ¶ Rex mysit hic pro Merlyno. Þen seyde þe kyng, "hit scholde so be; " Mikel y desire Merlyn to se; " Of his wysdam woldy here, " He telleþ wondressais selcouthes. on many manere." At a welleswell. (a Labenes, une fontaine, Wace, l. 8217.) fer in Walys— ' Baynes' hit highte by olde tales— Þe messeger þen Merlyn fond: " Cum, spek wyþ þe kyng! he sent his sond." When he com byfore þe kyng, He made ioye for his comyng, & honured hym, for he was wys, & cherisched him ouer alle oþere of pris; He praaied hym wel wyþ louelyfull louand. speche, What scholde bytide, he wolde hym teche. ¶ " Syre kyng," he seyde,said Merlyn. "certes nay,Responcio Merlyny. " To opene my mouþ y ne dar ne may, " Bot hit [be] a byhouelybot if it be a behouely. þyng at nede, " Þat were warnyng or tokene of dede, " & ȝit wyþ gret lownesse of hert, " Þat pruyde turne hit nought ouerthwert. " ffor ȝyf y spak þorow pride or bost, " Oþer for scorn, ageyn my gost, " Þat ilke gost þat in me wones, " Þat al me kennes & al me mones, " Out of my mouþ hit wolde hym drawe, " Of my connyng reue me my sawe, " Þat namore myght y þen spek wyþ mouþ " Þan an oþer þat nought ne couþ. " Þer-fore of swyilk priuete " Þenk nought þer-on, but let hit be. " Þenk on þat why þou me soughtest;souhtes . . . . . brouhtes. " Bryng þat til ende whi þou me broughtest: " ȝyf þou wilt make a werk stedefast, " Þat fair wyl be, & euere to last, " Sent for þosend for þe. stones, þere þey stande, " Þat þe GeauntGeantz. broughte til Irlande. " Rounde aboute, þen ar þey set; " Out of Aufryke were þey fet; " Ilkon on oþer ys set vpright, " No man in erþe haþ no myght " ffor to take doun a ston; " Ne sette þeym eft ys þer non." Þen seyde þe kyng, & on hym low:louh. " Sertes, þat were selcouþ ynowit were þan grete ferly how. " Þat þo stones þat þou of seys, " Ar so heuy, & of swylk peys, " Þat non haþ force ne fuysoun " To remue þem vp ne doun, " & ar so fer ouer þe se! " Who myghte þem þanne brynge to me?" ¶ Prudencia superat omne Robur. Þen seide Merlyn vnto þe kynge, " Queyntise ouer-comeþ alle þynge. " Strengþe ys god wyþvnto. trauaille; " Þer strengþe ne may, sleyght wil availle; " Sleyght & connyng doþ many a chare,Engins et ars font mainte cose, Wace, i. 386, l. 8265. " Bygynneþ þyng þat strengþe ne dar; " Wyþ sleyght myght þou þe stones wynne, " & in Bretaigne set þem inne, " Þer þou ne schalt wyþ no strengthe " Remewe hem a stones lengthe. ¶ Exe virtus de Stonhenges. " In Aufrik were þey compassed & wrought; " Geauntz til Irland þennes hemfro þiþen þam. brought, " & sette þem on an hil ful hey " Wiþ engyns ful queyntely. " ffirst when þey ware compassed newe, " Þey dide gret god to þem þat knewe; " þo þat were seke, or had laught& lauht. skaþes, " Waschewesch. þe stones, did hit in baþes; " Þat felde hem greued of gretterefelt þam greued of grete. þynges, " Wasched þembathed þam. of þe selue waschinges, " & waryschedheled. wel of al þer pyne; " Had þey non oþer medycine." ¶ When þe kyng herde of þer vertu, Þat þey myght falle þe folk to prw, He had longyng for þem to go,— & of þat wyl wer oþer mo,— Þe stones to Bretaigne for to brynge, Þat Merlyn made of sermonynge. Þey chosenches. Vter, þe kynges broþer, Þe kyng ofred hym self þat oþer; Of folk þey ladde fyftene þousand, Agayn þe IrischeIris (but Irisch l. 8837). for to stand; Wyþ þem wente daunz Merlyn, ffor þo stones to make engyn. When Vter wyþ his folk was ȝare, To schip þey went, ouer se to fare, & aryued vpon þat cost. Þe IrischIris (but Irisch l. 8837). kyng gadered his host; Ageyn þe Bretons þey cam right ȝerne, Þe lond ȝyf þey myghte þem werne. Þe Irisch kyng þat regned þar, His name was sire Gwylomar; When he wyste why þat he cam,whi þei kam. & so fer viage for stones nam, He scorned þem on his langage,P. leaves out this line. ' So fer for stones to make passage,P. leaves out this line. ' Ouer se til an oþer lond, ' ffor þey no stones henderne stones hender. fond;' & seyde, "þe stones þey schold haue here, " Þey schul by hem first ful dere; " ffor ȝyf we may, þey schul nought spede, " Þe stones out of my land to lede." He scorned & seyde, "hit schal be nought, " Þey schul faille þat þey haue sought." Þys kyng byhig[h]t hem foul despit,P. leaves out this line. Bot wykke þey were to desconfyt.P. leaves out this line. So longe he manased & þret, Atte laste to-gydere þey met. At þeyr metyng, hit was nought lyte When þey gonne to-gyder smyte. fful wel foughte boþe partys, Bot þe Bretons wan sone þe pris; Þe IrischeIris. couþe nought so wel feight, Ne of armure þey hadde no sleight, Ne þer-of were so wel bone, Þer-fore þe IrischeIris. fledde ful sone; ffro stede to stede þey fledde to sculk, On heþ & hilles to hyde inon hii hilles to hide &. (hulk, cubile, tugurium, hovel, sty.) hulk. When Bretons hadde don þat chace, & rested þeym a gret[e]long. space, Merlyn had þem alle at ones To þe hil to se þe stones.— Kylomare highte þe hyl Þer þe geauntz broughte þem tyl.— ¶ De asportacione lapidum de Stonhenges, de Hybernia in Brytanniam. Þys Bretons aboute renged þe feld, Þe carole of þe stones byhe[l]d.beheld. fful often ȝede þeymany tyme ȝede þam. aboute, Byhelde wyþynne & ekewithin biheld. wyþoute; Alle þey seyde, so seyde þe kyng, ' Þey seysauh. neuere so selcouþ þyng.' How þey were reysed þey had wonder, & how þey scholde be brought a-sonder.

The Petyt MS. adds,—

with þat worde þei þam rescued. þei ne wist how þei suld remued.

 Merlyn seyde, "now makeþ assay " To potte þe stones, ȝyf þatputte þis stones doun if. ȝe may; " & wyþ force fondeþ þem to bere: " Þer force ys mykel, lesse wyl þemþe lesse will. dere." Þe host atones to þe hil þey went, & ilk man tok þat he myght hent, Ropes to drawe, tres to potte,put (push). Þey schouued, þey þriste, þey stode o strot,o strut. On ilka side, byhynde, by-forn; Al for nought; þer trauail was lorn. When þey ofte haddeall þe had. put & þryst, & ilk man do what hym do lyst, & left þer pottyngputtyng. many on, ȝit stirede þey nought þe leste ston. Bot Merlyn wiste hit scholde nought vaille: Strengþe of body ne myght nout vaille. He bad hem alle drawe þem o drey; " Þorow strengþe come ȝe neuere þem ney." Al stillea litill. he stod, syþen hym bywent, & spak, but non wist what he ment; His lippes þey seye stire vp & doun, Bot non herde his coniurysoun. When he had gon alle aboute, Wyþynne þe carole, & wyþoute, & seide his coniurisouns, Ageyn he calde al þe Bretouns, And seyde, "now may ȝe lyghtly bere " þe stones to schip wyþouten dere. " Goþ now alle, & spedeþ ȝow, " ffor ȝe schal welde þem wel ynow." Als Merlyn þem taughte & seyd, InMS. Im. to þe schypes þem lyghtly leyd; Þen had þey wonne þatwon þei. fer had sought. To þe playne of Salesbury þem brought, Of Aumbresbyri bysyde an abbay, & hit was atte Whitemonday.& was at þe whitsonenday. (à Pentecoste, Wace, i. 391, l. 8370.) Þen dide þe kyng make somons Of bischopes, erles, & barons, & oþer lordes of þe nobleste,folk of noble geste. & dide hym coroune at þat feste. Þre dayes laste þe feste fode;sat þe feste of fode. Þe ferþe day he gafon þe ferth day gaf he. gyftes gode— Croces [riche] to clerkes of pris, To seint SaunsomSampson. & seint Dubris. Seint Dubrice he gaf Kaerlyon, ȝork he gaf to seint Saunson;Sampson. Þys gaf he at his coronement, & many mo, þorowbi. comun assent. Byfore þe lordes þat come þyder, Merlyn sette þe stones to-gyder; Als þey were or, in þat certeyn, So stande þey now vpon þe pleyn. Wyþynne þe compas of þe stones Ar byried alle þo lordes bones Þat Hengist atte Parlement slow; Here byforn ȝe herde wel how. ¶ De Pascencyo, filio ffortygerny. Of ffortyger, þat þe kyng had brent, Was left a sone þat highte Passent. ffor drede of Aurelius & of Vter, Vntil Alemayne he fledde fer, & purchaced hym folk on þe se, & aryued vp y þe northe contre, Tounes struyed, contres wasted. Þe kyng herd seye, & sone hym& þider. hasted. When Pascence herde þat þe kyng cam, Ageyn to þe se þe wey he nam; Þer he cam fro, durst he nought wende, Vpon Irland his fluteflete. gan lende; He spak so wyþ þe kyng of þat land, Þat he was his wel willand Vpon Bretaigne a route to renge, & on þe Bretons for to venge. Passent calangedchalanged. his fader wones, Þe kyng for robberye of þe stones; Truþe to-gydere boþe þey plyght, To take vengaunce at þer myght. Wyþ al þe force þei myght gete, In Walsche lond& in wales. aryued þer flete. Þey spirde aboute in ilka contre; Meneue þey tok, was atoke þat. cite; Meneue ys langage on Bretoun, & now hit hatte Seint Dauy toun. In þat tyme þat þey cam þus, Syk lay oure kyng Aurelius At Wynchestre mani a day; Longe bedrede þer he lay, Þat he ne myghte neyþer couere ne deye, Bot euerMS. ouer. more languisched oneuer languest one. weye. As he lay sek, bode hym was sent Þat ffortigeres sone, sire Passent, In Walys was, & þe IrischeIris. kyng, On hym to make a chalangyng; He chalanged hym of robbery, & sire Pascentpassent of dede. of felony. Þe kyng seide, "Vter for me schal go, " ffor y ne may, me ys ful wo." Sire Vter seyde, "y am redy;" His folk somonde al pryuely, Wyþ hors & armes redy to ryde, & com til hym; he scholde þem byde. Longe hit was y þe somouns, & þe buschyngbuskyng (preparing, getting ready). of þe barouns;

P. adds these two lines, not re|presented in Wace's text, ii. 3,—

dred þei were þe kyng suld die. & in to wales fer was þe weie.

 God whylegude stound. hit was er he þem wan In-til Walys, ilka man. ¶ Appas traditor. ¶ In al þys drechyng als þey gan dwelle, Of on Appas y schal ȝow telle: Appas he highte, & was a Saxon,Appas was a sesson. & well couþe contreue a treson; He ffeyned hym to be [a]fened him to be a. leche, & couþe speke diuerse speche. A day to Pascent þis Appas spak,— Treson he þoughte, & out hit brak,— " Passent," seyde Appas, "wel y wot, " Bytwixt þe kyng & þe ys hatredehatered. hot. " What wiltow gyue me, & y schal go, " Þe kyng Aurelyus for to slo?" Passent seyde, "y schal gyue þe " A þousand pound of god mone, " Wyþywith þi (with that, so that). þy word be certayn " To sey me when þou hast hym slayn." Appas seyde "wel y graunt;" Seide Passent, "y holde couenaunt." Appas spak Latyn parfit, & clad hym in a monkes habyt; Als a monk he dide hym schaue, Contenaunce couþe he ful wel haue.Od contenance monial, Wace, ii. 5, l. 8465. VenynVenom. for salue wyþ hym he nam, Als a monk to court he cam; ffor yuelesIuels. he couþe medicine make, Þe kyng he seyde he wolde vndertake: ' ȝyf he wolde do afterat. his queyntise, ' Sone he scholdeso he wild. do hym vp ryse.' He tasted his pous, saw his vryn, He seide he knew his medycyn.A bit from the Normandy of Wace's time. ¶ De Morte Aurelij Regis per Appas traditorem Saxonem. Þe kyng ȝerned his hele mykel,'Si com cascuns de vous vol|'droit,' adds Wace, ii. 5, l. 8476. He wende nought a monk were fykel; He dide hym in kepyng of þe feloun, & he gaf hym drynke poysoun, & happed hym warme, & bad hym slepe, ffor in his lymes hit schold al lepe. When þys Appas his nedes had sped, Al so swyþe a-wey he fled; And sone after in a þrowe Þe kyng hit wiste, & men wel sowe,knowe. Þat he scholde al-gate deye. Þen preied he men þey scholde hym leye At Stonhenges in a graue, His byriels for to mene & saue. On þys manere þe kyng was ded, & beryed als after his red. ¶ De stella Cometa que apparuit. Vter þat tyme in Walys was Þat þe kyng was poysond wyþ Appas. Als he was ded, þen ros a sterne Þat many a man biheld ful ȝerne, ' Comete' ys cald in astronomye, Kynges deþdede. wil hit signefye. ffro þat cam a bem ful bryght, Onlyke on, þat lemede lyght; Þe lemyng was boþe red & schir, Lyke a dragon þat sparkled fyr; Was þer neuere erl newas noiþer erle no. baroun Þat þey ne lykned hit til a dragoun. Two brondes come out of his mouþ Þat lightned Est, West, &est with þe. Souþ: Vpon ffraunce lygh[t]nedlighted. þat on; Þat oþer vntil Moungow schon; Þe þridde, þat vntilþrid vnto. Irland ȝede, In seuen braunches gan itMS. þey. P. has it. (see 9096.) sprede, & alle were þey schynand On þe water & on þe land. Þys ilke merueille þat þus was sene, Men wondred what hit woldemot. mene. Sire Vter, þe kynges broþer, Hym merueilled more þan anoþer;any oþer; and leaves out the next two lines. Merueillyng, he was affrayed; Of þat affray he was nought payed; He preyed Merlyn ful specialy Þe toknyng þer-of to telle,to telle him what it ment. & why. Þen sey Merlyn þatMerlyn sauh it with sir vter. sire Vter Sore sykede, & feightitSore sighyng he fecched it. fer, And stod as he were in dwale, No word ne seide, bot wax al pale. When his spirit was comen ageyn, & þoughte, 'þat may nought helpe, ys veyn,' Seid Merlyn, "SoreweIhesu he said sore. may þey mone, " Alle þat now in Bretaigne wone! " Lore þey haue þer noble kyng " Þat brought hem of Saxonsyam of. encombrynge, " Out of þe false Payensþe paiens sessons. handes, " Þat manion broughte into. bitter bandes!" When Vter herde his broþer was ded, He bycom as heuy as led: " Alas!" he seide, "now haþ Bretaygne Loren þer noble cheuentayne!"lorn hym þat was a noble chef|tayn. He sykedsighed. for sorewe, deol was to se. Þen seyde Merlyn, "Vter, let be, " Þer no bote ys ouer sore ne sorewe! " Þy lyf may no man bye ne borewe; " Of deþ may non þedede may non no. bale bete, " Þe sorewe nedly byhoueþ mensorow bos men nedes. lete; " Bot haste þe swyþe on þyn enemis! " Of þe bataille þou getest þe prys, 3" To morewen schul þey boþe be schent, " & al þer folk boþ sleyn & hent.33-3 of þe Iris kyng & passent. to morne sall þei boþe be schent. " Syþen schaltow þe coroune take, " Þe pes to menteyne & to make. ¶ De interpretacione Comete per Merlynum. " Þe sterne þat þou seyeses. so red, " Bytokneþ euere þe kynges ded. " Þe dragon, þat semeþP. inserts flaumand. so hey, " Þy self hit menes, þat ys so hardy; " Þe brond þat schyned out of his mouþ, " Þat spredenspredes. boþe Est & South, " Þat ys, of þe schalsall. come a sone " Doughty of dede, many on schal mone; " Alle ffraunce þen schalsall. hym loute, " Vntil Mongow men schalsall. hym doute. " Þat oþer, þat schon West so euen, " Toward þe Norþ hit spredde in seuen, " A doughter hit ys, y vnderstande, " Þat maried schalsall. be bysyde Scotlande; " Hure eyres bymene þomene þe. seuen brondes, " Þat schullensall. welde alle þo londes." ¶ Syre Vter listned ilka del How Merlyn conforted hym wel; He bad his host reste al þat nyght, On morn erlikarely. to bataille þem dight. Þe IrischeIris. wyste whan þey schold come, & made hem redy alle & some;þei dight þam & agayn þam nom. Stalworthly to-geder þey fought, Bot þe IrischeIris. sone were brought to nought,sone nouh ne douht. ffor þe IrischeIris. kyng & Passent Were slayn, & þer host al to-schent;MS. alto schent. P. alle schent. & þo þat wyþ þe lyf ascaped,with þe life scaped. To þer schipes faste þem raped. Of þo þat fledden& þei þam folowed in. to þe se, Þat was ouer-taken, slayn was he. Whe[n] al were slayn þey myghte hent,mot ouerhent. To Wynchestre sire Vter went. I þe weye he mette a messeger, Þat teldyt al totald all till. sire Vter What manere þat þe kyng deyd, & byryed [was]was. þer (als he seyd) At Stonhenges so louely,þe stonhenges solemply. Wyþ þe byschopes & al þe clergy. As Vter com rydyngridand. y þe stret, Þe folk on hym sore gongon sore. gret, & seyde, "sire, haue mercy on vs! " Ded ys þy broþer Aurelyus " Þat mayntende vs in al his myght; " Tak þou þe coroune, hit ys þy right, " & be our heued, for we hit ȝern, " & fend vs from our enemys fern." ¶ Vter apud Wyntoniam cepit coronam. Syre Vter sey hit was to do, ffor his heritage hit was of blod al so. Hys barons þyder he dide somoune, & made a feste, & dide hym coroune. ffor Merlyn tolde þat toknyng Þat Vter scholde be doughty kynge, & of hym swylk heyres schold be, Alosed þorow-outnamed þourh. al Cristiante, And for þat dragon he sey in syght Bytokned hym self kyng þorow right, He dide make two dragons By conseil of hys barouns; Þat on he dide byfore hym bere, & ilkaat ilk. tyme he ȝede to were; Þat oþer dragon he did wyrk, & heng hitit hang. (A Piglise de l'Eves|quié, Wace, ii. 11, l. 8610.) at seinte Petres kirk. ffor þat skyl & þat enchesouncheson. Was he cald Vter Pendragoun: Pen ys heued in Walsche langage; Dragon ys seyd on oure vsage; Pendragon was his to-name In all his lyue for þat same. ¶ De Octa, filio Hengysty. Octa, Hengystes sone þat was, When Aurelius furgafForgyuen before. his trespas, & had hym gyuen,& þe kyng gaf him. & his meyne, Londes y þe norþ contre; When he wyste þat he was ded Þat þeym þe lond furst furbed, Of hym he gaf nought, þat was newe, Til hym þoughte he neuere be trewe. What dide þis schrewe, þe false Octa? Conseilled wyþ his cosyn Ebessa,Cosa. (Eossa, Wace, ii. 12, l. 8640; Eosa, Galf. Mon. viii. 18.) Wyþ alle þo of his owen kynde, & oþer Saxons þat þey myght fynde; & fele of þo wyþ hem went Þat scaped attefro þe. slaughter of Passent; Þat fro Vter handesin weles. fled, Þey com til Octa, & he þem led. By-ȝonde Humber al þe land Octa tok vntil hys hand, Al til Scotland in lengþe & bred. To ȝork syþen al þey ȝed, Þat [toun] for to bysegeþe toun for to sege. & to wyn; Þey defended hem faste wyþyn;fended it that was þer-In. Þe kyng þe sege wolde remewe, Þe toun a-geynes þeym rescuwe; He þoughte nought longe fortlong to. abyde, Bot gadered folk on ilka syde. When he was comen, he abod nought, Bot on þe Payens bataille sought; & þe Payens egre & stout, Þorow þe Bretons held þem out; Payens & Cristen, many were slawen, & many a sowle froMany saule of. body drawen. ¶ Obsitus est Vterus Rex super collem qui vocatur Damer; et exe saluati sunt per consilium Gorleni Comitis. Þe Bretons þat tyme myght nought sped; Bak þey turnde, þey saw ned; Þe Payens after folewed fast, & many vn-to dede cast. Whider to fle þey were al wyl; Þe Payens hem chased vntil an hyl,ll. 9189-9190. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. ' Damer'Daniens, Wace, ii. 13, l. 8675; Damen, Galf. Mon. þe hil so hight. Þe Bretons tok hit þo þat nyght; Hey & streit, ful narowhiie & narow full strayte. (agus en som, Wace, ii. 13, l. 8676.) to prykke, Aboute y-busched wyþ þornesbusked with hesils. þykke. When þe Bretons þe hil had taken, Wyþ sege þe Payens held þem waken, Bot hit was atte þe nyght, Þeym to saille þey ne myght; Þey logged þem stille in þe playn, & þe Bretons were y þe mountayn; Þe Payens to þer loggyngloges. gan lep; Wery þey were, & fulle on slep. Þe kyng had of hym self gret drede, & of his folk þat he scholdsuld. lede, How he scholdesuld. a-scape þem fro; Þer weyes wer stopped þer þey scholdsuld. go. Þe Erl of Cornewaille was o þat hyl, Gorlens he highte, a man of skyl, Wysest he held hym of ylkon; To hym for conseil þey mente þer mon, ffor he was man of gret queyntyse, & neuere louede no cowardyse.ll. 9211-9212. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. He seide "for conseil ȝe com me to; " Y schal ȝow conseille, ȝyf ȝe wil so. " ¶ Mercy to God, first we schal cry, " & mende vs of al oure foly, " & preye Iesu our Saueour " To schulde vs froWace invents this piece of piety; but puts it (ii. 15) after Geoffrey's and his advice to attack by night. mysauentour, " & gif vs grace & powere " Ageins þe Payens þat sege vs here, " Þat vs often wo han vsvs cristen wo has. wrought, " & hym for Lord ne knowe þey nought; " Þat he to day stonde vs by, " On hys enemys to haue maystri. " ȝyf he wyl helpe, our Lord Ihesus, " Who may þanne ageyns vs?" To his conseille þei graunted alle, & faste on Iesu þen gon þey calle, & highte to make amendement, Þat tyme to schape ȝyfscape. if. he þem lent. " Arme ȝow," he seyde,vs he said now. "pryuely, " & go we stille, wyþouten cry; " Þey arn aere on. slepe, y am right siker; " Þey trauailled faste to gyue vs byker, " & wene nought we dur vs abate, " ffor þey desconfit vs so late; " Þey hope to morn atte sonne rysyng " Vs to slo, or&. take our kyng. " Arme vs swyþe, & go we doun,MS. douns. " Wyþoute any more sarmoun!" ¶ Þey armed þenneþam sone. knyght & swayn, Pryuely com doun in to þe playn, & fond hem slepyng,slepand. als he sayd; Vnarmed, ilkon were þey leyd. ¶ Occisio Paganorum. When þe Bretons were spred aboute In þer host, wyþynneMS. wyþynne & wyþynne. & wyþoute, Þen was slaughtere wyþoute pite; Was non for merci ȝolden fre; Þorow wombe & breste þe speres bot, Hedes, handes, fet, of smot. To arme þeym þey nadde no space, Ne to fle had þey no grace; ȝyf any fledde þat fle myght, Þe merknesse saued [hem] þat nyght.ll. 9253-9254. The Petyt MS. leaves out these lines; but they are in Wace, ii. 17, l. 8761-2. Octa & Ebessacosa. o lyue þey tok, At Londone in prison he dide þem lok. ¶ When þis Payens were desconfit, Toward þe norþ þey went ful tyt; Northumberland, Scotland, þorow þey rod, Als hit was fer, [boþ] long & brod. Þo þat myghte no mennon myght ore. (La gent qui estoit sans justice, Wace, ii. 17, l. 8773.) iustise, Al he drow til his seruise; Ouer al he sette swylk pees, Bettere neuere no man ches. When he was kyng kyd & couþ, He tok his gate toward þe souþ; At Londone his Pasches he held, Wyþ erl & baron, & knyght of scheld; Byschopes, abbotes, he dide somoune, & riche burgeyses, & oþer inof. toune; He dide comaunde, vpon þer lyf, Þat wedded men schold bryng þerhis. wyf, 2& oþere honeste of his meyne, Man or woman, wheþer þey be; Al he bad vntil his feste, Þat were worþy & honeste.22-2 & if he wild his oþer meigne þat were auenantin courte to se. Man or woman þat were honeste all he bed vnto his feste. ¶ De festo Vtery Regis. When alle were comen þat schold or wylde, Innes taken, ne&. fulfilde, & at þe kirke þer seruise seyd, In halles & hales bordes leyd, Þe kyng was set, & serued of mees, & at þat oþer ende was a dees; Þer set þe barons of pris, Þe Erl of Cornewaille ageyn his vys; By hym sat Igerne his wyf, Of whas fairhede was speche ryf; In al þe reome,regne. so fair was non, Ne of swylk kynde, bot scheo al on.ne of suilk was þer non. Often þe kyng had herd hure preyse, Þat sche was fair, god, & curteyse; Mikel desired he hure to se. When he hure sey,hir sawe. more louede he; Þe sight of hure hym al to-blast;all to brast. His herte on hure ageyn he cast; ¶ De Igerna, Comitissa Cornubye. Wheþer he et or drank, spak ought or nought, Igerne was euere in his þought, Ne cam sche neuere out of his hert, To hure was his eye euere ouer-thwert. By his priues often [he] hureof he hir. grette, & his presentes byforn hure sette, Often hure lout,oft on hir luke. & on hure low, & made semblaunt of loue ynow. Hure contenaunce was, & hure semblaunt, Sche nought ne seyde, ne nought wold graunt; Þe kyng of hure nought vnderstod In contenaunce butbo. stable & god. What for laughynge & oþer tyhtes, What for presentes & oþer delites,sightes. Þe Erl perceyued & þoughte ful ȝerne Þe kyng louede his wyf Igerne; & þoughteþoughte=þought he. P. He þouht. no feyþ til [him] woldþat faith he ne wild him. bere, But he in pes his wyf myght were. Vp þen stirt he fro þe bord— To þe kyng ne spak he word,— His wyf by þe hand he hent, & calde his knyghtes, & þennesþien. went. Hastely þer hors were bone, & to Cornewaille þey come sone. Er he was redy forȝare redy. to wende, Þe kyng comaunded, as he was hende, ' Þat he schold comen to court a-geyn, ' Or he dide vylenyeels did he ville. til his souereyn; ' And ȝyf he ne wolde come bleþely, ' Waite hym wel as forkepe him wele he were. his enemy.' Þe kynges sonde he wolde nought here, He made no force of his preyere. When þe kyng wyste þat he wold nought Come ageyn, as he bisought, He manased hym wyþ [felle]felle. herte, & seyde he schold hitit suld him. sore smerte. ffor noall þe. manace ne wolde he byde; Bot he ne wyste what scholde bytide. Two casteles he hadde in Cornewaille, Þo he warnisched wyþ vitaille; In þe castel of Tyntagel He dide his wyf to kepe wel; Of defens hit haddeit his. gret los, Wyþ dyk & se hitsee & fen it. ys in clos; Who-so kepes þat [ȝate]þe ȝate. (la porte, Wace, l. 8852.) See l. 9412 below. in nede, In oþer stede darþar. hym nought drede; Þer-inne scheo washe did hir be. ȝemed & sperd, & he til his oþer castel ferd; Þider he ledde his souders, To kepe þe kyng at sautes sers; I þat castel was, þat he to cam, Þe force of al his erldam. ¶ De obsisione Gorlencii Comitis per Regem. Þe kyng wyste he made purueaunce A-gayns hym to standeat stand. to chaunce. Þe kyng also sone purueyed his host; Þer þe Erl was, byseged þe cost; Þe castel þat þe Erl was in, He byseged hyt for to wyn. Al a wykeseuenyght. þe kyng þer lay, He spilte his tyme, sped of no pray; Of þe Erl nought he ne wan, Ne dide scaþe til no man, ffor þe Erl kepte euere þe comyng Hy[m]him. to socoure þe Irische kyng. Þe kyng sey þe sege was wast; Igerne to haue he wilde hym hast; He was ful gretlyk onoyed Þat his tyme so was destruyed. He calde Vlfyn, his priue baroun, To conceille hym of som resoun: " Vlfyn," he saide, "þou conseil me; " My beste conseil y take at þe. " On Igerne y am enamuredanamorde. strong, " I deye ȝyf hit me laste long; " Y ne may slepe, wyþ wo y wake,slepe wo. I. waken. " So am y in hure loue y-take; " Ete ne drynke ne may y nought, " So lowe hure loue haþ mehir luf benethen has me so. brought; " Loue dereþ me so, to deyeluf has me wonded dede. y dred; " Y aske conseil how y may sped." Seyd Vlfyn þen, "y here merueilles! " Þou louest his wyf þat þoulufes his wife & him. assailles! " Wenestow þer-wyþ to ben aboue? " Þorow werre wynneto wyn. his wyf to loue? " Hure to loue þou com to late; " Hure loue to gete, hure lord to take.ll. 9379-9380. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. " At wham toke þou þis conseil, " To loue in tene & inwith. turpeyl? " Conseil of þis can y non kest; " Of swylk conseil Merlyn can best; " He can ynow of swylke craftes, " Of alle viguresfigures. he turnes þe schaftes. " Ȝyf he can kenne þe no weye, " Igerne to wynne, can no man seye."ll. 9387-9388. The Petyt MS. leave out these lines. Þorow þe conseil of sire Vlfyn Þe kyng dide sende after Merlyn. Merlyn com þe kyng byforn; He seide, "Merlyn, y am ner lorn!am forlorn. " Conseille me, syn þat þou can, " & y schal euere-more be þy man! " Y haue ner lorn wyt & lyf " ffor Igerne, þe kyngeserles. wyf! " Help me now, þat y hure haue; " & what þou wilt, y vouche saue." " Syre,"Sir kyng. seid Merlyn, "God furbedeDicta Merlyny. " Þat þou for hure schold be in drede, " ffor Igerne to haue þe ded!in drede for to haf þi dede. " Er schold y don anoþer red; " Þou schalt hure haue wyþoute pyne, " & ȝit wol y haue nought of þyne. " Bot, sire Vter, þou wost hit wel, " Strong ys þe hold of Tyntagel; " & scho ys loken þer-yn so strait, " Bot þorow queyntise or deseit " Noman ne may hure out[e] take, " Þorow non engyn þat men can make; " ffor two men þat oughteswithout (aht, oht, brave). be, " May kepe þe issueissheu. & þe entre; " & þey al hit be wykke to wynne, " fful wel schal y þe brynge.I. sall do þe. þer ynne. ¶ De transfiguracione Merlyny. " ffor alle manere forme þat ys, " Kan y turne til oþerturne þe. lyknes: " A face to be like anoþer, " & a body vnto þat oþer;& his agayn vnto þe toþer. " Stature of body, speche & leryng,(? MS. heryng.) ll. 9419-9422. The Petyt MS. leaves out these four lines. " & contenaunce of ylka þyng, " Y schal chaunge, what so þey are, " Ilkon schal wene þat oþer ware. " Þe Erl cherlyMS. chly. P. þe erle specially. wyþ hym ledes " Two knyghtes, doughti of dedes; " Sire Bertel þen hat þat on,bretell hate þe ton. " Þat oþer heyghte sire Iordon; " Þis are his priue conseillours: " Til þeir lyknesse y schal turne oures; " Y þe Erles lyknesse y schal þe dight, " Y schal be lyke Bertil& .I. sall be bretell. his knyght, " Lyke Iordan schalsall. be Vlfyn; " Þus schal we come þe castel yn; " Alle þre at euen scholsall. we go " To þe castel, wyþouten mo, " & speke þer speche & þer facounde; " We schulsall. come in þen on a stounde. " Dred þe nought of no man, " ffor no queyntise þat any can; " And þou schalt haue hure toat. þy wylle, " Þy grete desirȝernyng. to fulfille." Al þat euere Merlyn teld, As gospel þe kyng hit held: Þen comaunded he til on certeyn, Þe host to kepe til he com ageyn. Þem charmed Merlyn þorow vertue, & colour & cloþyng dide remue, Contenaunce, speche, þe same assise; He turnde þe kyng on þe Erles wyse, & he & Vlfyn, to allebe þo. sightes, As Bertel & Iordan, þe Erles knyghtes. At euen þey come to Tyntagel, & þo þat wende haue knowe þem wel, Receyued þeym wyþ glad[e] chere, As hit were þe Erl lef & dere. What þey wilde, non wold þem werne; Þe kyng lay þat myght by Igerne, & scheo conseyued of hym þat nyghtConcepcio Arthury. Arthur, þat was so mykel of myght. In þe host was told anon, ' Þat non wiste whider þe kyng was gon:' His ordynaunce þey al fursok, Þat þe kyng þe kepyng took; Þey armed hem to make asaut, ffor þat þey hadde of heued defaut, & went forþ y þe morn[e]morne. tyde; Non for oþerhonour. wold oþer abyde; Of bataille sette þey no rightne bataile set ne rightly. renge, Bot ilkon forþ, þe kyng to venge. 5Þen gon þey assaille boþ fer & hende. Þe Erl ageyn þem faste ga[n] fende: As he stod, er he lestMS. left (lest=least). wende, He was schot to deþe, & made his ende.55-5 was þer non held right aray. bot ilkone went to þe assay. on ilk a side þei gaf batayle þe erle agayn gan fast assaile. as he & his stode þam to fende. he was slayn or [þat] þei wende. When he was ded, his side gan slaken; Lightly was þen þe castel taken. ¶ De Morte Comitis Cornubye. Þo þat askaped wyþ þe lyf, Brought tydyng to the Erles wyf, ' Hure lord was slayn y þe mornyng, ' Þe castel taken vnto þe kyng.' Þe kyng hym selue þe tydyng herd, He styrt vp, & þem answerd: " Let be ȝour tales to tene my wyf,þei be not trod.— " Y þank God y am her on lyf!I. am o life .I. tanke it god.— " To telle swylk tales for to greue! " Lesynges ar nought to byleue! " Y wot wel þey are in doute; " Vnwarned fro þeym y went oute; " ffor when y out of þe castel ȝede, " Y spak to non, —þat ys þer drede,— " Ne seyde whider þat y woldsuld. go, " ffor doute & tresondrede. of my fo; " & for y cam nought sonesuyth. agayn, " Wene þey now þat y beam. slayn. " Bot þat my folk doun ys born, " Slayn, & [eke] þe castel lorn, " Hit may do tene & greuaunce; " Bot y lyue, God þanky þelyf þank god þat. chaunce! " I schal me haste, out y schalwill .I. wende, " Pes for to seke; þe kyng ys hende. " Er any more skaþe falle, " Y wyl acorde me wiþ þem alle. " ȝyf he wyþ sege sperre me her-yn, " More wo þan ys, þen scholde bygyn."ll. 9501-9502. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. To þat conseil Igerne redde,— Alle tymes þe kyng scheo dredde;— In armes boþe ilk oþer hent, Þe kyng hure kyste, & out he went. ¶ When þeyþei were. passed, alle þre, Ilkon was, as fel to be,com estre dut, Wace, ii. 28, l. 9022. & come dryuande vntil þe host; After þe Erl he spyrde most, Who gaf conseil for to go, Þe castel to take, þe Erl to slo? Þe soþe þennesone. was hym told, Of on & oþer, symple & bold. Þe kyng þer-fore was wo ynow, He wraþed wyþ hem þat hym slow; Bot longe nold he þer-fore mourne, To Tyntagel a-geyn gan tourne, & to þeym of þe castel spak & seide: "y rede ȝe turne ȝour bak, " ffor he þat bataille on me bed, " Þe Erl ȝour lord, [he] ys now dedhe is dede.; " Now schol ȝe of non fynde socour " Agayn[e]s me to stande in stour." When þey herde þe kyng þus seyd, Þer socour lorn, þer heuedhede. doun leyd, Þe castel anon til hym þey ȝolde, & leet hym do what þat he wolde. He ȝede anon to dame Igerne; Als he had don, he teld hire ȝerne, Al how he by hure lay, & how he wente from hure away: ¶ Rex desponsauit Igerniam. " Y am," he seide, "wyþouten wyf, " & þou art a sengle woman of lyf; " Y wol þe wedde, ȝyf þou wilt so." Dame Igerne consented þer-to: " Of no deseite nere wist y; " Bot of þy weddyng, sire, graunt mersy." Þe child scheoscho had. conseyued byforn, When tyme fel, hit was born: Arthur was þe childes name, A noble man, of ful gret fame. A doughter þey hadde,—Anne sche hight,— Þat gyuen was til a doughti knyght, Vntil sire Loth of Lonneys; Hys sone was Wawayn þe Curteys. Syþen regned Vter ful longe, & þan fel hymin. an yuel stronge; Bedrede doun ful longe he lay, & languissed so forþ frolanguysced fro. day to day. ¶ D[e] Octa, filio Hengisty. Þo þat kepte Octa, Hengistes sone, & Ebessa,Cosa. at Londone in prysone, Þey greued þem of þerþei were greued of. longe lokyng, And Octa gaf þem mykel þynge. ffor gyftes gyuen ofte & gret, Þey leet hem scape of þe prison sket, & wente wyþ hem ouer þe se In-til Saxoyne, þeyr contre. Þer gadered Octa ful gret host; Toward our kyng þey blewenhe lewe. bost; He purchasedpurueid. hym a fflute on flod; Wyþ men of armes &with knyghtes & with. archers god Toward Scotland þey gan vp ryue, Pyled & brent, men broughte of lyue. Our kyng þat lay in langoryng,langoure . . . . . socoure.¶ De langore Vtery Regis. Of hym was non help ne socuring His lond for to fende &fend no. were, He myghte nought ryse armes to bere; Þer-fore he bad alle his barouns Don after Lotesto do after sire loth. somouns, ffor he was doughti, noble & wys,knyght of gode auys. & sley cheuentayn of god auys.douhty man large & wys. Sire Octa þat hadde folk ynowe, Oueral þe Bretons þei pyledþe bretons ouer robbed. & slowe; He bolded hym wyþ mykel pryde, Þat þe kyng ne myghte go ne ryde; To meschef he putte al þat he fond, Man & wyf, þorow al þys lond.ll. 9577-9578. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. Bot often Lot wyþ hym met, & ofte hym chaced þorowwith. baret. Many tyme of hym he wan, & eft on hym þat oþer ran:— Hit ys custume þat werre bygynne, Somme to lese, & somme to wynne:—ll. 9583-9584. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. Lot ful oftenson. dide hym fle, & chaced hym vnto þe se; Bot gret dedeyn [was] of þe barouns, Þat wold nought come for Lotes somouns,— Þey þought hem al [so]als. gentil of blod, & al so mykel in stede stod At ylka tyme, or more þan he, & also mykel of rente & fe;— Þus þey delayed,deleyd. long was þe drede, Tilto. þe kyng sey how þat hit ȝede; ffor Octa, al þe Norþ he wan, & of the Southe to seint Alban; Þys wan he for þe barons defaut, Þat for Lot nolde gyuewild gif non. assaut. Al þe lond, to þe kyng þey pleyned Þat þe barons alleall þam. feyned. ¶ Bot hereþ now of þe kynges wyl, Þat lefteHe ne left. for syknesse ne for yl Þat he ne ros vp ful auster, & dide hym make a liter Corneledkirneld. as an hors bere, & seyde þis word þat alle myght here: " Now schal y se ho schal wyþstonde, " & ho wyl come for my sonde!" He somounde firste þo til his werre Þat deyned nought for Lot come nerre. Þey come, & were ful sore agrysen Whan þey wyste þe kyng was rysen. To þe toun of WyrolhramVerolhram. Þe kyng & alle þe barons cam: SeintAt saynt. Albon, þer lygges he, Þat highte WyrolhramVerolhram. þe cite. Þer com þey to þe toun wyþ wyn;þe kyng com þat toun to wyn. Octa & hyse were alle þer-yn. Þe kyng byseged hit aboute, Dide make engyns stronge & stoute. Þe toun was þanne so strong & fyn, Hit hadde no deredoute. of non engyn; Octa & hyse were ryghtfull. bolde, Þey hadde god folk & syker holde, & seyde, 'hit was neuere [to] fereit was schame to bere fere. ' Of half a dedman lyggyng onfor a half dede man in a. bere, ' Ne for swyche on to kepe þeFor to hold þer. gates loken; " Cowardyse of vs scholdeof þam. be spoken, " ffor to haue of swylkon drede, " Þat in a bere to bataille ȝede." Alas! hithe. was no Cristen man, Þesþis. Octa þat so fer wan. His ouerwenyng & his pryde Dide þem opene þe gates wyde, & com stoutly vnto þe byker; Bot þer hap was al vnsyker;

was not siker. For the next two lines P. has—

þer fals trouth did þam misfalle. þat fell to wyn he wan þam alle.

 ffor synne of Octa, fals & fursworn, Dide al his felawes & hym be lorn; ffor slayn was þere sire Octa, & his cosyn sire Ebessa; Oþer ynowe ȝit þey skaped, Vntil Scotland þey hem raped, & ches þeym a prynce, sire Colgroyn, Þat was sire Octa cosyn. Longe þey lendendlenged. by þat cost, & gedered þereþam. anoþer host. ¶ But for þis noble ouercomyngDicta Vtery. Þat God gaf Vter oure kyng, ffor ioie he stirte vpout. of his bere Als he hadde behad bene. hol & fere, Al armed in ire[n]Irne. & stel, & bolded alle his barons wel, & seyde, þus standynge, & low:standand & louh. " More worschip ys, as me þynkeþmen say. now, " In a bere for to lye, " In syknesse wynne þe maistrie, " Þan be a man hol & sound, " & schamely lygge ded onschamfully leid to þe. ground. " Octa despised me many a day, " ffor þat y sek in bedde lay; " Skornful wordes þey me bed, " & held me bot an half mancald me bot a man half. ded. " Þe half dedman ful felonlyk " Haþ slayn his fos, boþ hol & quyk. " Þe hole & quyke ar dede & fled; " ȝyt lyueþ þe syke þat lay in bed; " ȝit schalwill.] y folewe þem þat fle! " Do dight ȝow alle, & wendeþ wyþ me! " ffor no þyng ne schalno sekenes sall. y leue " Þat y ne schal exyle.I. sall exille þam. & reue, " & ȝelde þem ful harde stoures, " Þat my lond destruyde,My lond þei destroied. & ȝoures." ¶ When þe kyng had seyd his wille, Hys barons bed hym byleue stille Til he were warysched of his syknesse, Or his penaunce y-swaged lesse.or a partie suaged les. Þus departed alle þe barouns, & chased after þe Saxouns. When þe chas was al lefte, & þe Saxoyns were gadered eft, Þey conseilled hem, & toke þer red, How þey might do þe kyng to ded: Þey seide, 'ȝyf þey myghte þe kyng destruye, ' He hadde non eir þat scholde þem noye; '& al so lange as he myght lyue, ' Bataille dirste þey neuere hym gyue, ' Bot ȝif hit were þorow tresoun,poyson. ' To gyue hym venym &or. poysoun.'Consilium explora|torum. ¶ Þen ches þey men þat couþe swilk dede; To go þider þey gaf þem mede: To WyrolhramVerolhram. þey bad hem go, & fondeto fond. þe kyng for to slo. In pouerepure. wede þey dide þem dight, & þyder þey come byn& com þidir þat day. seuenyght; Alle manere langage þey couþe Þat semeþcomes. wel in traytours mouþe. Þey ȝede aboute þe court to spye Wher þey myght do þer trayterye. So yuel þey spedde ofwele þei sped neuer. þer pray, Þat þey ne myght come þer þe kyng lay. So longe al wey to þeall gate so long to. court þey ferde, Þat þey perceyued & often herde Þat for certeyn was hit told, Þe kyng drank nought bot water cold, Þat was best for his peyne, & euere of o welle certeyne Þat sprong vp byside his halle, & beste water forby alle; Non oþer þyng þought hym so god, Þat best ageyn his yuel stod. When þo þat his deþ so sought, Wiþ þer wyles auailled nought, Þey wente & venymed þat welle Of þat he drank, als þey herd telle. ¶ When þey had don þat wykked dede, Out of toune sone þey ȝede,De morte Vtery. & ay lystned whatwere listenand whan. þey herd seye, Arthurus nobilissimus Rex Christianitatis.This is the heading to the page in the MS. How þe kyng scholdþe kyng were ded or suld. sone deye. Þe kyng, whan he þe water drank, He wax al blak, & bolned rank, & deyde sone ynson within. a þrowe Byfore his meyne þat hitmen þat þei. sowe; & so dededid. fele oþer mo Þat drank þerof, to deþ gon go. & þis lasted a god whyle Til men aperceyued þat gyle. Þen ȝede þe comune alle atones, & stopped þe welle wyþ erþe & stones. So longe ber þey erþe þer til, Þat er was welle, now ys an hil. When sire Vter oure kynge Was ded, & don his endynge, At Stonhenges, as he seyde, Bysyde his broþer men hym leyde. ¶ Arthurus, filius Vtery, factus est Rex, & coronatus apud Cyrencestriam. The Erchebishop his conseil held, Of erles, barons, & knyghtes of scheld; Ilkon after oþer sent To come to comune Parlement, & after sire Vteres sone ArthorgheArthure. To come to Circestre, þe nobleto Cecestre. burghe; & þere bitaught hym þe coroun, Þorow comun graunt of ilka baroun. fful ȝonge þen was he, lond to welde;ȝelde. ffyftene ȝer þan was his elde; At Circestre þat tyme þar Was first tyme þat he croune bar;croune on hede nouht he ne bare. Some of his þewes y wil descrye; I trowe y schal nought mykel lye:Noiant ne vous en mentirai, Wace, ii. 39. l. 9250. ¶ Craftily dide he mannes dedes, Doughtiest knyght at alle nedes; Þan of myrþe most wasMan of myrth most. in halle, Glad-chered, louely, & lordlyest of alle;& glad to gle his gestis alle. Ageyn þe proude, proud hertedman. was he; Ageyn þe meke, deboneresuete. & ese; Þe hardiest man hym self to fende, Bleþely gaf, largely wold spende; Þat nedful was, & hym bysought, Þat he myghte, he werned hymwarned he. nought; Mykel loued he ioie & worthlyworþi. þynge, Doughti dedes made of menyng; Nobliche his court he ledde, Richely alle hyse he fedde; Ilka day come tydynges newe; Gestes of ioye, wyþ knyghtes trewe; Ouer alle prynces þe pris he nam Of curteseye & of wysdam; Was no þyng so noble of þewes, As men reden of hym, & schewes.ll. 9767-9768. The Petyt MS. leaves out these lines. Wace has for them, "Et de valor et de largece." ii. 40, l. 9264. When he had take þe regalte, & mad oþ byan othe he mad. his wille fre, ' Þat Saxons schulde neuere haue pes ' In stede of his þer þey ought ches,'— Hys fader & his em þey slow, & oþer wo þey wroughte y-now,— He dide somoune þe folk, & fette; Largely he gaf, & wel þem hette, & bad hem be redy wyþ hym to wende: Þey passed ȝork towardto. þe norþ ende. Colgrym of Saxons wasAfter þat Octa. cheuetayn Syn Octa was at Wyrolhram slayn; ¶ Þe Scottische men wer at his cry,¶ Colgrim princeps Saxonum. Þe Peytes wyþ hem were ay redy A-geyn Arthur, &at. al þer myght, & redy wyþ hym for to fyght. Bysyde þe water of Douglas, Þere þey mette att a pas: Þe partys were bolde, & þoughte welþat wele wild. byde; Many on wer slayn on ilka syde. Desconfit was þer sire Colgrym, Vnneþe he scapedvnneþis fled he. wyþ mykel pyn; Toward ȝork Colgrym fley, Arthur hym pursued faste & ney;folowed bi bank & begh. Ȝork he tok for drede & doute, & Arþur byseged hym wyþoute. ¶ De Balduk fratre Colgrym. Colgrim had a broþer on þe se, Balduk, þat hadde gret meyne; He abod þe kyng of Alemayne, Þat cam wyþ host toward Bretayne. Son hym was told of on & oþer Þat Arþur byseged Colgrimhad biseged. his broþer, How in bataille [he] wasHow he was in bataile. disconfit. To londe he drow hym þenne asdrouh full. tyt: In a wode by þat cost, ffyue mile Balduk buschedhe bussed. fro þe host; & many were in his compayny, Six þousand armed redy, Þat scholde haue stolen þat ylke nyght Vpon Arþur, al redy dight. A man perceyued þer enbuschment, & til Arþur þe bodeword sent. When Arþur wyste þat þey wer þer, He calde to consail þe Erl Cador Þat was lord of Cornewaille: Hys lyf to lese ne wold he faille. " Cador," he seyde, "Balduk wyþ gyle " Ys enbusched fro vs foures bussed hiþen bot fyue. myle. " Tak sex hundred of gode knyghtes, " Þre þousand oþer,de la geude (foot-soldiers), Wace, ii. 42, l. 9317. ȝyf þou myghtes; " Al vnwarned on þem falle, " Lightly may þou wynne þem alle." Sire Cador dight þem al redy, & wente wyþoute noyse &or. cry. Al vnwarned right þore þey ware; Sorewele. to smyte wold he nought spare; Þe most del was slayn ofMore þan half was slayn. þat frape, Vnneþes myghtermyght. any a-scape; ȝyf any of hem ascape myght, Þe derknessemirknes. saued hem þat nyght, & wode letted þem to renne;P. leaves out this line. Þe redy wey couþ þey nought kenne.P. leaves out this line. ¶ Balduk fledde, & durst nought byde, ffro busche to buschebusk to busk. on ilka syde; Lorn he haddelost he had. his men ilkon, Conseil couþe he take at non How he moughte his broþer helpe,— Of gret losof tynsell (loss). mighte he make his ȝelpe,— ffayn he wolde wyþ hym speke, Bot of his enemis nehe ne. myght him wreke. He couþe of notes & of layes, & of harpe he knew þasayes;all þe saies. He feyned hym as a iogelour,him a Ioguloure. (comme jong|lère, MS. du Roi, 27; come Juglères, MS. du Roi, 73, Cangé; Wace, ii. 43, l. 9336.) & cam to þe ost of kyng Arþour; His hed, his berd, he dide alhalf. (par mi, Wace, ii. 43, l. 9341.) schaue; Men wend ahe. were a folted knaue; Als a gleman gan he synge, & couþe a party of harpyng. Longe he ȝede þus aboute, Non ne wende of gyle ne doute; Bot he was boþe wyly & sley;slehi . . . . . neghi. Þe wal he neighede ful ney;slehi . . . . . neghi. He spak to þeym, & þey hym knew, Doun to hym a rop þey þrew, & he knytte hym þer-inne al, & þey drow hym ouer þe wal. Netheles þey were at meschef, ffor to ascape þem were ful lef; Bot sone com þem tydynges gode, Þat sex hundred schipes on flodeschippes gude. (â cinq cent nes, Wace, ii. 44, l. 9355.) Out of Alemayne were comen, & in Scotland had hauen nomen. ¶ De potestate Cheldryk contra Arthurum. Til Arthur cam bode als quyk,com tiþinges all quike. Þat þider schold come þe childcom kyng. Cheldrik Wyþ mykel peoplefolk mykill. on ilka syde, Þat Arthur schold nought dur abyde. Þe beste frendes þat were hym couþ, Conseilled hym turne toward þe South, & gyue no bataille at þat tyme, Bot let his folk sprede & ryme: " Hys folk ys freschefell. & ful auster " & twyes so felefell. as we haue her; " & ȝyf þey folewe vs ouer Humber, " Þe sonner schul we þem a-comber; " Þen schal vs come folk ay fresche, " & þey schul euere wexe þe lesse." To þat conseil he gaf god tent, & to Londone right fro þennefro þiþen to london. he went. ¶ Þe folk hadde sorewe & wo, Þe dredeþei dred. þat al to deþe schold go; Þat hadde castele, þider þey drow; Þat non ne hadde, þey hem slow; To holes & hilles men crepcrept. for nede; Þat sykerest was, had ful gret drede.had grete nede. ¶ Hic Arthurus misit pro Ohele, Rege Mynoris Brytannie. But men gaf Arthur in conseil, To sende for his cosyn Ohel,Oheile. Kyng of Bretayne, his sister sone: By lettre his nedes gan hym mone, & preyed hym of help a stounde, Or elles he scholde go to grounde:The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. " Bot y som help of þe now haue, " Or of som oþer, my lond to saue, " Wyþynne a þrowe hit schal be lorn, " Þat oure auncestres han had byforn; " & schame hit were til oure lynage " So sone to lese myn heritage." fful wel heOhel. vnderstod his nede. Wyþ al þe poer þat he myght spede He made no long soiournynge, Hors & harneysarmes. he dide bryng, ffyftene þousand helmes clers,Douse mil orent chevaliers. Wace, ii. 46, l. 9392. Wyþoute seriauntz & archers. God wynd þey hadde þat gan hem dryue, At Southaumptone þey dide vp ryue. Mikel ioye made sire Arthurgh,kyng Arthoru. & feire receyued hym in toun & burgh. Wolde þey make no lengerlong. delay, ffor þey nadde neyþer drede naffray;þei had no drede of non affray. Bot sende messegers [ful] smert,MS. snert. & folk com til hym wyþ ful god hert. ¶ De bello apud Lyncolniam per Arthurum. To Lyncolne wente ilka baroun, ffor Cheldryk hadde biseged þe toun. Wyþoute noise, sp[e]che, or cry, Þey come to Lyncolne al stillely;stilli. No scaþe ȝit þe toun had taken, ffor þey wyþynne held þem wel waken. Þe host was aryued on a þrowe, Bot horn ne trompe dide nonþat trompe ne horn non did. blowe, Ne oþer dene indyn on. none manere, Til alle were splayed ilka banere, Alle þey wroughte at on a-vys, & priuely þe felle opriuely fell on. þeyr enemys. Neuere ȝyt byfore of no Saxon Was erare. so gret destruccion, In no stude þer men wyst whare; ffor sex þousand wer slayn þare. Þey castekest. þer armes, þer horses let, Naked þey fledde on þer fet, In to þe water faste þey ran, Of þeym were drenkled many awas dronkeld many. man; Þe Bretons on þem were euere prest, Þey suffred þem noughtþei þoled þam. to haue no rest. A wode byside hight Calydoun, Þat now men calleþ hit ffyskertoun; By þe water side þe wode was set, Þer-inne had þey gret recet. Þe Bretons byhalued þe wode aboute, Þat no Saxon dirst come wyþoute; Arthur dide hit loke so streit; ffor þefor on þe. nyght he dredde deseit, He dide hewe tres & pykke, & palysed hit aboute ful þykke; Tre ouer tre, stok ouer stok, As þikke as men myghte hem schok.ll. 9941-9942. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. His ost was logged to þat oþeron þe toþer. party, Þat non com in, ne ȝede forby. Þo in þe wode hadde no mete, Ne non þem broughte þat mought out gete, Ne nought had purueyd þer byforn, Neyþer bred, [ne] mele ne corn; Þey were so hasted, faste þey fley, Bot helpless weren fer or ney.ll. 9949-9950. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. Þre dayes hit was þey nought ete, Ne nought drank þat was wete; Þey sey wel alle þat þey schuld deye, Þorow force myghte þey make no weye. Þey toke conseil oþer weys, ' To leue armes & harneys, ' In pes to þer schypes to go 'Wyþouten any more wo, ' & þey schold leue þem god hostage,suld leue gode ostages. 'Þer best men of noblest lynage,þer lynages. ' & gyue hym truwage ilka ȝer ' In pes, wyþouten wo & wer.' And Arþur gaf hem þe grauntyse ffor to wende forþ on þat wyse: Ostage he tok atte remenaunt,One stroke too many in the second MS. n. Þat þey schold holde þe couenant; He deliuered þem schipes wyþoute mo harmes, & lefte þer robes, & harneys ofherneis &. armes; Al senglelySengli. to schipe þey went, No þyng was þem gyue ne lent; & ȝit he dide gret curtesy Þat wyþ þe lyf gaf hem merci. ¶ De reuercione Regis Cheldryk apud Totenes. Þey set vp sail, þe wynd hem blew, So fer þei seyled þat non þem knew. When þey were so fer born Þat we of þeym þe sight had lorn, ȝut þoughte þey more treson & gyle, Þey turnde þer flute wyþynne a while Bytwix Ingeland & Normandye, Þey dighte eft hydeward þer nauie, & entred in til Dertemuthe;Dertmue. Neyþer fond þey arest newas þer non mad þam rescue. rescue; At Totenes toke þey hauen &Toteneis þei toke. lond; Al ȝede to deþ þat by-forn hemto dede bifor þam. fond. In þe contres þey spredde aboute; To go to deþdede. al was in doute; Robes þey refte, armure þey tok, Tounes brente, houses doun schok.ll. 9987-9988. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. Þe contres trauersed þey ouerþwert, Ouer al was wo, & no whar& noure. quert; Deneschire,Douerschire. (Neversire, MS. du Roi, 27; Venescire, MS. du Roi, 75153.3. Colb.; Wace, ii. 50, l. 9480.) & Somersete, & a partie of Dorsete, Al þey wastes,wasted. & robbed þe god; Was þer non þat hem wyþstod; Þe knyghte þat aughten hauefell haf. ben at hom, To Scotland wyþ Arþur þey nom. Þe Saxons dide so mykel scaþe, Þey robbed in to þe toun of Baþe; Bot þey of Baþe held þem wyþoute, . & þey byseged hit alle aboute. ¶ Arthur werred vpon þe Scottes, ffor þey had don as fouleþei did as fole. sottes, Holpenhelped. Colgrim & Cheldryk, & ageyns þer lord do so wyk; Bot when he wyste þat þe Saxons Brek couenaunt, & dide tresons, & hadde byseged þe toun of Baþe, Hei seyde, "þe Saxoyns false me ful raþe." Þer ostages ilkon he heng.War. Heye on galewes, wyþ rop &with a. streng. When þer ostages to deþ wer done, Toward þe souþ he hyed hym sone Ohel his cosy[n], & his meyne, He lefte sek in a cite, In Aclud, þer-inne he lay, . Þat was þe name by þat day. Wyþ al þe folk Ohel myght spare, Toward Baþe, Arþur was ȝare. Cheldrykes sege he wolde remue, His men wyþynne he þoughte rescue. In a playn by a wode syde Arthur dide his folk abide, To arme þem, & til ordeyne Whylk schuld go, & wyþ whilk seyne. Hym self was armed fynly wel 2Wyþ sabatons, & spores, & iaumbers of stel, Doublet & quysseux, wiþ poleyns ful riche, Voydes, breche of maille, wyþ paunz non liche Hauberk wiþ plates y-burnuscht ful wel, Vaumbras & rerbras, wyþ coters of stel, Þer-opon an aketon wyþ stof & al sylk, His cote of armes þer-on; in world was no swylk;22-2 with gode chambres of Iren & stele. & a Hauberk þat non was sui lk. abouen an acton mad of silk.For swylk, l. 10,032, L. has swyik. & þen girt& gird. wyþ Caliborne, þat gode brond; A bettere cam neuere in no kynges hond; Ten fote longe was þen þe blade, InIm in the MS. Ramesey & oþer stedes þe merke ys ymade;in Rameseie þe merk is made. (En l'ile d'Avalon fu faite, Wace, ii. 52, l. 9516.) ffro þe hilte vnto þe pomel Was twenti vnche large, meten ful wel;Tuelue Inche grete þat tyme as fell. Þe brede of þe blade was seuen inche & more; . Wond was hit y þat world smite fulI trow þat wild smyte. sore.

The Petyt MS. adds two lines not in Wace, ii. 52,—

Arthure luffed it wele Inouh. Mishapped him neuer whan he it drouh.

 An helm he had on his hed, no betere vp onom in the MS. P. has, His helme was gode non better on. molde; 5A riche corounal wiþ perre, al of brent golde, Þe nasel & bendeles of gold ful bryght, Þer-opon a dragoun selcouþ of sight;55-5 þe nasell befor was all of golde. þe bendeles of gold burnyst bright. a dragon aboun selcouth in sight. Aboute his nekke heng his scheld, Pryd-wennepridwen. hit highte, many hit byheld; Þer-on was purtrayd, next hym by, Þe ymage of oure swete leuedy, In nede to byholde hure face, Ageyn his enemis to haue grace. Hys spere was gret,his lance grete. he cald hit Ron,Roit, MS. du Roi, 73, Cangé; Roil, MS. du Roi, 75153.3. Colb.; Rederon, MS. de Ste.-Genevieve, Y, f. 10; Wace, ii. 54, note c.; Ron, Galf. Mon. vii. 2. Wyþ an hed by-fore, ful noble þer-on; Hit was long, & swyþe gret,P. leaves out this line. Þer was no scheld þat he ne þorow schet.P. leaves out this line. ¶ De recuperacione belly & montis per Arthurum. When Arthurþe kyng. was armed wel, & his folk dight ilka del, Al softly he bad þem go, Þat non schulde byfore oþer þro Til þey come vnto þe bataille. Bot þe Saxons durst nought assaille, Bot fledde vntil an hey hyl, Þat non myghte wel wynne þem til. Þey helde þat hil als castel strong, & defended þem ferlyfull. long, As þey were closed wyþwith in. a wal; Bot atte þe laste hit stod no stal. Arthur saw þe hil was taken, & longe þere þey held hem& long mot þei hald þam. waken; Tene hym þoughte þey fro hym brak, & til his men þus he spak: ¶ "Lordynges," he seide, "þis hil ys hey, . " & we may nought wel com þem ney " Bot hit were þorow long destresse. " Þe lengþe fayn woldy schortewald .I. schorten. lesse; " Ageyn to Scotland woldywald .I. be, . " Ohel my cosyn, fayn woldywald .I. se." He badmonessed. þem wyþ wordes smert Þat [þey] schold alle& bad þam. be gode of hert: " Lo! here byforn vs þan ar þo " Þat han vs wrought ful muche wo! " Þyse are þat han wasted our lond, " Þat riche was, & farre vs fond! " Þise are þat slowe our auncessours, " Als wel myne als ȝoures! " Þis ar þo þat vs assailled, " & often in werre vs trauailled!ll. 10,081-10,086. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. " Venge vs now we se hem here! " Let hem abyelate þam bie. our godes dere! " Lat þeym bye þey toke byforn,

For these lines the Petyt MS. has—

þei haf don vs many trauaile quyte þam þat þei scored on taile.

 " & let hem now lese, for we haue lorn!

For these lines the Petyt MS. has—

þei haf don vs many trauaile quyte þam þat þei scored on taile.

 " & y schal ȝelde, ȝyf þat y may, " Þe fals oþþat othe. þey swore þe toþer day; " Þer turnyng y wole rescowe, " Þat þey come til Dertemuwe.ll. 10,093-10,094. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. " ȝyf y may ought wyþ hem mele, " Hand of hand strokes schulto hand strokes. dele, " Þey schul neuere eft haue power " In bataille to neighe me ner!" ¶ De occisione Saxonum apud Bathoniam. Wyþ þat word he smot his stede, Byforn þem alle vpward he ȝede; Hys launce ful wel he bar þe point, Hys scheld byfore ful wel was ioynt; Þe firste Saxon þat wyþ hym met, His dayes were no lenger set. Þen bygan Arþur to crye, " A-geyn þes Payens, helpe,?MS. helper. P. help me. Marie!" & bar on hem þe breste byfore. . After hym þe Bretons gon bore: " Þe firste strok þann ys myn!" On he mette, & m[a]de hys fyn; Þen myghte men se þe Bretons strike, & felle þe Saxons doughtilyke.

felled þe sessons douhtilike: and P. adds—

Ilkon wald haf bien þe breste & at his power Arthure neste.

 Arthur þen egred þem& he þam egred. so wyþ sawe, ffo[r] schame ne myghte þey hemnon mot þam. wyþdrawe; Þey byhalued þem aboute, & ryden þorow þe Saxons route. On ilka syde doun þey fley, & euere Arthur vpward stey Wyþ Caliborn drawen in his hond; Was non his dynt þat myghte wyþstond, Þat hym ne byhoued nedly deye; Þer-fore þey fledde, & gaf hym weye; So fele he slow, & broughte til schame, ffor þus þey counted þat couþe þem ame, ffourfyue. hundred he slow, mo allone Þan his host dide ilkone. Ded was Balduk, slayn was Colgrym, & Cheldrik fledde wyþ mykel pyn; Toward þer schipes to Toteneys Þey fledde, & lefte alþer. oþer harneys; Lyghtly to go, wightly to fle, . Þey leften al, & fledde to þe se. Arthur perceyued wel ynow Þat to þer schipes þey fledde & drow; Þen bad he sire Cador of Cornewaille Take ten þousand of gode apparaille;aparaile. & after hem swyþe hey spedde, & ouertoke þo þat fledde; ffor Arthur to Scotland went: Ohel a messeger hym sent, & seyde 'þe Scottes byseged þe castel, ' & hadde ner taken sire Ohel.' Cheldrik fledde til his nauye; But Cador was queynte & wyly; By a byweybigate. to Totenes lay, Cador & hyse toke þat way, And to þe hauen wel raþerore. cam Er any Saxon to schipe nam. Sire Cador, þe mene folk he tok, He gaf þem þe schipes for to loke, & bad þem rydehoue. fer fro þe land, . Þat Saxons ne raughte no bot wyþin. hand. Syþen went he wyþ alle his ost, & y þe contres kepte þe cost, & kepte þem euere as þey come; By ten, by twelue,Dui et dui, trois et trois, Wace, ii. 58, l. 9616. vm-while þey nome; Armure & robes hadde þey cast, Þat þey were lyght to fle right fast; Þey hadde but swerdes on þer hypes, Sone to come vnto þer schipes. Als þey passed þe water of Teyne, Were þey war of Cadores seyne.Cador syne. When þey hit sey, þey held hem schent, Hider & þyder a-wey þey glent. As þey tok þe hil of Teynewyk,tenwik. Þer was he slayn, þe kyng Cheldryk; Þe oþere þat wende wel haue scaped, To deþe were þey al to-fraped; Þo þat ascaped to þe hauen vnslayn, When þey com þere, þey were vnfayn,ll.10,169-10,170. The Petyt MS. transposes these lines. ffor þey kept [hem] atte brynke, In to þe water þey dide hem synke. On alle halue wax þem wo; To wodes & hilles fledde somme of þo, Þeym to hyde, þat non ne wyst, Tyl þey deyde for hunger & þirst.thrist. When Cador had mad þe contre clene, Þat no Saxon were more sene, He hyed hym faste toward Scotland. In Aklud, Arthur he fond, & Ohel wyþ hym, his cosyn, Of his seknesse warisched fyn. Þe Scottessessons. þer sege remued When Arthur cam, Ohel rescued; Al þe contre gan þey weyue, & fledde a-wey vn to Murreyue,Murif, Wace, ii. 59, l. 9652. Þer þey hoped best to be, . & closed þem in a strong cite; Þere þey hoped Arthur to byde,P. leaves out this and the following line. A-geyns þem what wolde bytyde. Arthur wyste hit certeynly Þey gadered ageyns hym party; He hyed hym þide[r]ward ful ȝerne, & þey herd hit seye, & fledde ȝit ferne Right vnto þe Louh Lumyne:En l'estang de Lymonoi, Wace, ii. 60, l. 9660. . A selcouþ þyng hit ys to see. ¶ De admiracione Lacus Lumine in Scocia. The next fourteen lines are not represented in the MS. du Roi, 27, but are in four of De Lincy's other MSS., du Roi, 73, Cangé; 75153.3. Colb.; de l'Ars. 17, B.-L.; de Ste.-Genev. Y. f. 10. Wace, ii. 61, note a.¶ In þat louh ar sexti iles— In þo þe dwelte longein þo þei duelled long. whyles— & ilk an yle haþ a rocherrochere. . & a water dep & cler. In þo roches foules reste, & ernes brede, & make þer neste; ȝyf any sorewe or any wo, Or any werre or any þro, Schal in þat lond tyde or gynne, Alle þe ernes þat brede þer-inne Schul crie & ȝelle, & make rere, Þat al þe contre aboute schal here, & feighte to-gydere four daies or fyue, & al to-pulle þe feþeres,þer fedres. & ryue. Þys louh, Luminie men calle, Sexti watres þer-inne falle, & alle dwelle þer-inne ilkon; Non rennes out to þe se but on. Wyþynne þis lough had þey dwellynge,P. leaves out this line. Þe Scottes, for Arthur oure kynge.P. leaves out this line. Arthur byseged alle þe loughes, & gadered botes, chalans,The heavily-laden boats that navigate the Seine from Paris to Havre, are still called chalans. De Lincy, Wace, ii. 61, noteþer fedres.. & trowes, Þat non myghte brynge þem ne gyue . Mete ne drynke, wyþal to lyue. So wyþynne a lytel while So mykel hunger was yn þe ile, Men seysauh þam. by hundredes & þousandes Lylig. ded for hunger on þe sandes; Men seye þem go & falle right dounP. leaves out this line. ffor hunger, þat was lord of toun.P. leaves out this line. Gwylomar,Diramaurus, Wace, (ii. 61, l. 9690), MS. du Roi, 27; Gillamurus, MS. du Roi, 73, Cangé; Ghillo|marus, MS. du Roi, 75153.3. Colb. þe Irische kynge, . Com ouer þe se wyþ many lordyng To helpe þe Saxonsscottis. in þer nede. Lytel, y wene, myghte þeyhe mot. spede! He aryuedryued. vp by þat cost Þer Arthur lay, & al his host. Arthur & hyse a-geyn hym nomen, Bot þe Irische wer sone ouer-comen; He dide þe Irische wyþ force to fle A-geyn til Irland, ouer þe se. ¶ De vastacione Scocie, & lamentacione Scotorum. But ȝyt Arthur nought ne left Þat he þe Scottes byseged eft. Þen come þe byschopes of þe land, & religious relikes bryngand, And preyed Arthur of mercy; & als wyþ hem com many ledy, Alle barfot, & bare þe& all bare. heued, Þer her to-rent,vestéures descirées, Wace, ii. 62, l. 9706, MS. du Roi, 73, Cangé. or litel leued; ȝonge childre wyþ hem brought, & reuly gretyng,gretand. mercy bysought, Mekely fulle doun til his fet. Byschops, abbotes, & ladisabot &. alle gret, & asked hym 'mercy & pes, ' To saue þo childre helples: " Þyse ladies þat þis sorewe haue, " ȝeld þem þer lordes, þer lyueslife. to saue! " ȝeld vs þo þat are on lyue! " Let hem nought alle to deþe dryue!ll. 10,253-10,254. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. " Let vs nought alle so dere a-byebie. " Þe false Saxons felonye! " ffor hit was neuere by our wille " Þat þey com here to do ȝow ylle! " Of þer comyng had we no frame, " Þer dwellyng dide vs mykel schame; " Al day were we wyþ hem noyed, " Oure lyf[e]lodelifelade. þey ete & stroyed, " Catel þey bar a-wey, & spended; " Had we non heuedwe had no hede. þat vs defended! " Þat we þem halp,servis, Wace, ii. 63, l. 9736. ys no trespas; " Maugre oures, forsoþe hit was; " Þeir force was more þan oures, " We nyste of non to haue socoures. " ȝe wot þey are of þe lawe Payen, " & we, as ȝe, ar men Crysten; " Þer-fore þey dide vs þe more wo. " At ilka tyme, boþe to & fro, " Wo dude þey vs! & worse haue [we]wars haf we. now! " & þat ys non honur til ȝow, " Vs to slo þat crye mercy, " & deye for hunger so deolfoly. " Þou hast vs wonnen; lef vs þe lyf, " Lord to lady, husebande to wyf! " & gyue vs lond on for to lyue! . " Trewe hostage we wol þe gyue. " Þorow righte reson þou scholde vs spare, " ffor we ar Cristen as ȝe are; " & ȝyf we deye in swylk destresse, " Cristendam ys mykel þe lesse; " Þan ys þy peryl mykel þeþe perill mykell. more, " Þat þou wraþestwrethis. Crist so sore." Arthur wiste þey seide reson, & wel excused hem of þe Saxon. ffor byschope & clerkes þat hym bysought, & þe relikes þat þey brought, & of þe lauediesladies. hym rewed sore, . & ȝonge childre þat þer wore, He graunted þem alle þat þey ches, Lyf & lymes, & his pes. ¶ Ohel byheld þe lough, þat lake,De primo Lacu in Scocia. & til Arthur þer-of he spak: " Arthur," he seyde, "y haue merueille " Of þis lough & of þis entaille: " So many yles, y telde sexty, " & ilkon haþ a roche hey; " & so manye ernes nestes, " & þer cri þat ilkon kestes: " A wonder me þynkeþ hitþink how it. may be, " Of ilka þyng þat y se!"De secundo Lacu ibidem. ¶ Þen seyde Arthur vnto Ohel, " Of þis ne merueilleþ me no del;me mervailes neuer a dele. " But of an oþer ys selcouþ more, " & so schaltow seye when þou comes þore: " Þat lough ys here yn þys contre, " Cornerd as a cheker quarre; " Twenty fot of lengþe, as þeP. has þe, no as. "Vint piés de lonc, et vint de lé," Wace, ii. 65, l. 9780. brede, es, " & fyue fot hit haþ of depnes; " In þe water, atteat foure. corners, " Are fisches inne foure maners: " Þo þat are y þat o corner, " Neuer more come þat oþer ner; " Ne þe fisches alle foure, " Ne wyþ oþer menge ne voure;meng noure. " Ne no partyng ys þem bytwene . " Of erþe ne ston, but water clene, " Ne oþer þyng þat may bywyte,man may wite. " Þat myghte þer mengyng wyþ-sitte; " I ne wot ȝyf hit be þorow kynde, " Or craft of clergie, as men mayof clerk þat he mot. fynde. ¶ De tercio lacu versus Walliam iuxtaMS. iux with a contraction, above. P. has walliam mirabili. Seuerne. ¶ " Of anoþer ys more selcouþ, " & þat lough ys in þat souþ, " Toward Walys, bysyde Seuerne. " When þe flod flowes þiderflewes þer. in ȝerne, " Þe water wexes noþyng on hey, " Þan þe flod come neuere þer ney;þan þe flode . . . . . nehie. " Als longe as flod þer-ynne flowes,flewes . . . . . grewes. " Þe water of þe lough no þyng ne growes, " In no stede, by bank ne bre, " Þat any man may perceiue or se. " But when þe flod drawes ageyn, " & ys atte þe ebbe& es þe ebbe in. certeyn, " Þenne bygynnes þe lough to flowe, " & ouer þe bankes to renne & rowe; " Wyþ rysyngrisand. wawes, & wyþ grete, " ffer aboute hym wil he wete. " ȝyf hit beo a couþ man of þe contre " þat goþ þider þe water to se,Qui véir l'aut, le vis torné, Wace, ii. 66, l. 9809; Si gens totius patriæ illius, facie versa, prope as|taret, Galf. Mon. ix. 7. " & feleþfles. þe wawes þat so wetes, " Hit rennes on hym, & doun hym betes. " Of-ten of þo þat so haue gon, " Han be drenkled manion. " ȝyf any connyngconand. man of þo " Standeþ stille, or sidlyng canor sidelynges. Se home i vient, le dos avant, Les talons tornés, re|culant, &c., Wace, ii. 66, l. 9816-7; Tergo autem verso, non est irro|ratio timenda, Galf. Mon. ix. 7. go, " He may stande on þe brynkes " Al so lange as hym god þynkes: " Schal he neuere takelatche. scathe, " Ne haue wetyngehaf wettenes. ne waþe." Ohel seyde, "yt is wonderselcouth. þyng, " & selcouþ ho made þe gynnynge!"MS. gymnynge. P., ferly who mad þe gynnyng. Þan dide Arthur bemes blowe, Hornes, belles, þat men myght knowe Þat he wolde þenneswild þien. turne, & remue his host fro þat burne. His barons þat come fro ferne, He bad hem renne hom ryghtþam wend home. ȝerne, To wyte how hit forfore. at home, & glade þer wyues whan þey come. Wyþ mykel ioye & mykel play Wente þe ost homward þer way; Of Arthur made þey mykel pris, How he was hardy, large, & wys, & seyde "neuere or in Bretaigne " Was so noble a cheuentayne!" Vntil ȝork Arthur gan turne; Þere al þe ȝol he madeȝole mad þer. soiourne. ¶ On þe ȝol day he made his feste . Wyþ þemany. barons of his geste. fful mykel enpeired was þe toun, Kyrkes, houses, were beten doun; Þer burgeyses were bygged riche, . Wast & Eyuere[?] was hit liche.—wasten & way was all o liche. Þe bischop was slayn wyþ þe Saxons, & oþere manye religions;— Al he dide hit bigge ageyn . As hit was byforein þe right. certeyn. Hym serued a prest, a ful god man,a gode man. Hys name was cald sire Pyran;Piran. (Pyram, Wace, ii. 68, l. 9842.) He gaf hym þe erchebishopes se, & bad hym 'kepe þat dignite, ' & holy kirke a-geyn restore, ' Þat þe Saxons had wasted byfore.' Pes he dide oueralalle. crye, . Þat non dide oþer vylenye, But in lawe, right, & skyle; Husebande men, bad hem tyle;ll. 10,389-10,390. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. ffrankeleyns þat hadde desheritison, He dide þem sekedid þam. in ilka toun, & gaf hem a-geyn þer heritage, Restored þem þer oþer damage. Þre þer were, doughti & gode, Noble men, of kynges blode, Loth, Aguisel, & Vryen, Þe northe langed to þyse þre men; Þyse þre departed þe northe lond Þorow Arthures gift, y vnderstond.þorgh Arture gift as .I. fond. To Lothe he gaf al Lounes,tot Loënois, Wace, ii. 69, l. 9874. Lot . . . . . ad consulatum Londone|siæ, ceterarumque comprovinciarum, quæ ad eum pertinebant, reduxit, Galf. Mon. lib. ix. § 9. Al þe contre, right as hit es. Scotlond he gaf sire Anguisel; Vryen had Murreue vntilMorey till. (Morayshire?) his del; & alle to holde of hym þer þynge, ffor Arthur was þer chef[e]chefe. kyng. Sire Lothe þat weddede Anne, Wawayn þer sone at Rome was þanne To norise, als þe romaunce seys, & he highte Wawayn þe curteys. ¶ Hic desponsauit Guenneueram. When Arthur hadde his lond iustised, & don als he hadde auised, GenoyreGenièvre, Wace, ii. 69, l. 9882; Guanhumara, Galf. Mon. lib. ix. § 9. he wedded, & mad hure quen: Norysched wyþ Cador had scheo ben; Sche was sire Cadores cosyn, & born was of þe Romayns lyn, ffor hure moder was of Romaynsroman. kynde. So fair as scheo myght no man fynde; Y-now scheo couþe of curtesy, Large gyuere, & spakgiffer spekand. louely; Of body was scheo swyþe auenaunt, ffair contenaunced,contenance. wyþ swete semblaunt. Alas! þey myghte non heyr haue, Neyþer maidemaiden. child, ne knaue. ¶ Deuicit Hyberniam. When wynter cold was al away, & hete comen of someresday, & fair weder on se to fare,P. transposes these lines. A flute on flode Arthur dide ȝare;P. transposes these lines. He seide he wolde til Irland, & wynne hit al to Bretons hand. Longe tyme wolde he nought waste, He dide somoune his folk on haste, Erles, barouns, knyghtes, squiers, Alle þe ȝongest bachelers Þat wel myghte, & best couþe Stonde in werre, & were of ȝouþe. Vpon Irland his fflute gan lende; Swyþe vp to lande gon þey wende, Vitaille to seke, & mele & corn; Bestes slayn to schipe were born, Lyflode al þat þey myghte gete, To sustinaunce vntil þer mete, Ilkadel to schipe þey drow, . & vitailled hem wel y-now. To Gwylomar, þe Irische kyng, Com bode sone of þeir comyng; Þat Arthur was aryued þere, . Al his lond for to conquere. Þe folk pleyned hem aboute; Þer godes were lorn,was lost. & þey in doute. Þe Irische kyng dide folk somoune . Þorow-out þe lond, of ylka toune, Of vpland & of burghe,P. transposes these lines. To giue bataille to kyng Arthurghe.P. transposes these lines. When boþe partis come to þe fight, Þe naked Irische were nought dight; Hauberk ne scheld ne myghte þey bere, Ne fro þe arewes couþe þem nought were; Þey nadde neuere seen non ar. O syde þey fledde herehider. & þar; Ilkon made oþer agast, & conseilled hem to fle ful fast To wodes, to hilles, þer lyues to saue; Oþer socour þey wyste non haue. Þe kyng fley til a wode syde; Arthur hym folewed, & dide hym byde, & al wyþ force hym þer tok; & he swor hym vpon þe bok, To holde of hym his heritage & ȝelde hym ilka ȝer truwage. Þer-til he gaf hym god hostage, To holden his fewte & homage. ¶ Hic transfretauit, & Orchades cepit. When þat was pesed & brought til ende, Til IslandMS. Ingelond. Island, P. [Arthur] dight hym to wende. IslandMS. Irland. Island, P. Islande, Wace, ii. 72, l. 9941. sone al he wan, ffor lord þey knew hym ilka man. GoneweysGeneweis. Gonvals, Wace, ii. 72, l. 9945. þe kyng of Orkeneye, How Arthur wan, wel herde he seye; So dide Doldan of Gotland, & Rumarek þe kyng of Wentland; Et Doldamer rois de Gollande Et Romarec de Guenelande. Wace, ii. 72, l. 9946-7. Tyl alle þre was hit told Þat Arthur was a conquerour bold. Þyse þre kynges, þey hym dredde ffor þe gret host þat he ledde; Þey durste nought stande hym ageyn, Ne þey ne hadde non host certeyn, Ne þey ne wolde þer lond destruye, Ne hym ne þeym to-gedere noye. Þe beste consail þey toke on hand, & wente to Arthur into Island,MS. Irland. Island, P. Islande, Wace, ii. 72, l. 9941. & for þeyr landes made alle pes. Arthur þem þanked þat þey so ches; Louely tok he þer alle here fewte, ffor þey come alle so wyþ wylle fre. When al was syker & certeyn, Til Ingland he turndecom. ageyn; & when þey wyste þat he cam, Wyþ ioye alle a-geynMS. ageym. P. ageyn. hym nam. Twelf ȝerTrente ans, Wace, MS. du Roi, 27; Douze ans, MS. du Roi, 73, Cangé, &c. (Wace, ii. 73, note a). after þat comyng, In reste & pes he regned kyng, Þat neuere on hym no werre bygan,neuer no were on him nam. Ne he ne werrede vpon no man. He tok so mykel of curtesy, Wyþoute techyng of any hym by, þat non ne mighte conne more, Neyþer þorow kynde, ne craft of lore. In alle answeres he was right wys, Of alle manhede he bar þe pris; Of non þat tyme ne was swylk speche, Þat til his nobleye mighte reche,— Nought of þe Emperour of Rome,— . Þat he ouer hym ne bar þe blome; In alle manere þat kynge schold do, Non oþer hadde such grace þer-to. He ne herde neuere speke of knyght Þat losed was of dedes wyght, Þat he ne ȝerned hym for to se, & for to haue hym of meyne;of him mercy. ȝyf he for mede serue hym wolde, He ne lefte for seluer ne for golde. ¶ Hic ordinatur Tabula Rotunda. For his barons þat were so bolde, Þat al þe werld pris of þem tolde, ffor noman wyste who was best, . Ne in armes doughtiest, Dide Arthur ordeyne þe round table Þat ȝit men telle of many a fable. At þer bord in tyme of mete, Alle þis noble knyghte scholdþo douhty knyghtes suld. ete; Non sat wyþynne, non sat wyþoute, Bot alle euene rounde aboute; Non sat first, ne non sat last, But per by per, in euen cast;pere bi pere euen kast. Non sat heye, non sat lowe,lawe. But alle euenlyk men myghte þem knowe;euenly for to knawe. Non was set at non ende, . But alle a round, foro round &. alle were hende; Non wyste whiche of priswho of þam. most was, Þer-fore þey sete alle in compas; Alle at ones doun þey seten, . At ones ros when þey hadde eten; Alle were þey serued of o seruise, Euenly, alle of on assise. ¶ De gloria Curye Arthury. What knyght had ben in al þe werld, . Had his los be neuere so wel byherd,þof his los had bene wele herd. Were he ffrenche,frankis. were he Bretoun, Normaund, fflemyng, or Burgoiloun, Spaynard, Gascoyn, or Angeuyn, Scot, Irische, Pykard, or Peyteuyn, Daneys, Norneys, or Selander, Henner, ffryson, or Katelaner, Arragoneys, Lombard, or Brabaunt, . Prouyncial, Nauerner, or Alemaunt,ll. 10,547-10,552. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. Of wham he held his fe, or how, ffro þe Weste [or] Est vntilwest vnto. Moungow, He was told of non honour Bot he had ben wyþ kyng Arthour, & hadde taken of his liuere, Cloþ or queyntise,þing. þat knowe myght be. Of ferne landes many on namen, & til þat court for worschyp camen, To lere honur & curtesy, & here þe prowesse of knyghtes hardy, & to here þe faire gestes þat knyghtes broughte & telde at festes. Somme come to se his faire wonyng, & se & here þere selcouþ þynge;ll. 10,559-10,566. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. Pouere men, þey louede hym alle, & riche honured hym in halle; ffele kynges of ferne stedethede. Sent hym gyftes for doute & drede; Þey wyst hit wel, ȝyf þey wold ryde,d . His werre durste no kyng abide;d Kynges aforced þer casteles aboute,d ffor alle landes of hym hadde doute,d þat ȝyf he come, he scholde þem lese,d Or gyue hym truwage as be wold chese;d . þer-fore ilkon at þer myghtd Aforced þer cites, & wel þeym dight.ll. 10,571-10,578. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. ¶ De nobilitate Arthury. But in þyse twelf ȝeres tyme ffel auentures þat men rede in ryme; . In þat tyme were herd & sen Þat somme seye, þat neuere haþhad. ben. Of Arthur ys seid many selcouþ . In diuerse landes northe & souþ Þat men holdeþ now for fable, Be þey neuere so trewe ne stable. Al ys nought soþ, ne nought al lye, Ne al wysdam, ne al folye; See the lines 10,040-7 in Wace, ii. 76-7 from MS. du Roi, 73, Cangé, against the embellishers of the Arthur story throwing discredit on it by their fables.Þer nys no þyng of hym seyd þat hit ne may be to godnesse leyd.þat ne it may to gode laid. More þan oþere were his dedes, . Þat men of hym so mykel redes; Ne were his dedes hadde be writen,P. leaves out this line and the next. Of hym no þyng men scholde haue wyten.MS. wryten. Geffrey Arthur of Monemu, . He wrot his dedes þat were of pru, & blamed boþe Gyldas & Bede, Why þey wolde nought of hym rede, Syn he bar þe pris of alle cristensiþen he was pris of all. kynges, . & write so litel ofþei wild not write. his preysynges, & more worschip of hym spoke þer wasof him was. Þat of any of þo þat spekes Gildas, Or of any þat Bede wrot, . Saue holy men þat we wot. In alle landes wrot men of Arthur, Hys noble dedes of honur: In ffraunce men wrot, & ȝit men wryte, . But herd haue we of hym but lyte;Here haf we of him bot lite. Þere-fore of hym more men fynde In farre bokes, als ys kynde, Þan we haue in þys lond: . Þat we haue, þer men hit fond;ll. 10,609-10,612. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. Til Domesday men schalle spelle, & of Arthures dedes talkeMS. takke. P. talk. & telle. Now ys Arthur of pleyn age, . He conseilled wyþ his baronage; & his gode knyghtes hym redde, Þat he had fostred & forþ fedde. He seyde he wolde ouer sehe wald wend. to Fraunce, & wynne hit al wyþ dynt of launce. But first he seide 'he woldebot first he wild. to Norweye, ' Þe kyng had sent hym bodeþe kyng sent. (Sicelins li rois mors estoit, Wace, ii. 77, l. 10,052.) he hoped to deye; " & Loth, myn neuew, schal he his eyr; " To make hym kyng y am in speyr; " His neuew he ys, of next degre, " Of blod ys non nerrer þannon heire bot. he." Right as he seyde, also heSichelyn said & þus. þought, He wende þe barons wolde so haue wrought; But when þey seye þat he was ded, Þey toke þem til anoþer red: Loth to haue, þey hym forsok, . & anoþer kyng þey tok; ffor alleþus. þey seide wyþ o mouþ, ' Þey wolde haue no kyngman. vncouþ; 'Þey hoped nought þey schold hym fynde . 'Als godliche as þer owen kynde.ll.10,635-10,636. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. ' Alyens,' þey seyde, 'he wolde auaunce, ' Þat schulde be þeire appurtynaunce. ' A heued þey wolde haue þem aboue, ' Þat hem wolde auaunce & loue.' Þorow þat consail & þat reson, Rycolf þey ches, was a baron, & coroned hym, & now ysmad him. kyng; & þus haþ Lotþus gate hast. lorn þat þyng. " ffor help," seid Arthur, "Loth haþ bysought;has souht. " ffaille hym by no weye wol y nought; " Y wolde his honur & [his]his. right, " & þat schal y he[l]pe at my& help þerto þat .I. myght. " Rycolfes coroune y wolde abate, " Þat þe Noreys gef hym so late." ¶ De conquestu Norganie. Tyl Arthur com þer folk ynow; To schipes on flode faste þey drow; Þe wynd blew, & gan hem dryue, Vp in Norweye gon þey aryue. Ricolf was god, & wolde nought fle Ne remue hym out of þe contre; He gadered host, for wel he wende Ageyn Arthur hym self defende; But his wenyng was alalle. veyn, ffor Ricolf & hise wer alle þer sleyn. When Arthur hadde Norweye wonnen, Þe barons alle ouer riden & ronnen, Loth, his neuew, he gaf þe croun, . After Ricolf þat was doun. Loth made Arthur þenne feute, Als til his chef ouer al þat fe. ¶ Lothes sone, sire Wawayn, Had ben at Rome to lere Romayn, Wyþ Supplice þe Apostoillepape. (St. Simplice, pope, 468-483 A.D. De Lincy, Wace, ii. 79.) to wone, Honur to lere, langage to kone; & þere was he dubbed knyght. And holden hardy, strong, & wyght. When Supplice had don his ende, Tyl Bretayne-ward Wawaynto bretayn Wawan home. gan wende. Now ys Wawayn comen hom, . fful blithe ys Loth al of his com; Noble he was, & ful curteys, Mykel honur of hym euere men seys:honour of him men rede & seis. He loued mesure & faire beryng; Pruyde ne bost loued he no þyng; Vnkynde, false, & fykele,fals & fikell lesyng. he hated; Lesynges, alle swilk he abated;auauntour alle suilk he bated. More he gaf þan he by-hette, Wel more he dide þan terme of sette. Now ys Loth in Norweye seised, & Wawayn comen, þat mykel ys preised.is comen & preised. Alle þo men þat were of myght, Þat weren ȝonge, & couþein youth þat couth ouht. of fyght, & louedenþat lufed. more werre þan pes, Arthur til hym alle swycheArthure all suilk men. ches; Of swylk gadered he many on, & schipes on se ful god won. When his host was styf & stark, He schiped to-wardes Denemark. Achil, þat þen was kyng of Danes, Saw Bretons & Noreys come alle at anes Wyþ Arthur, to wynne his lond, & for to destruye al þat heþei. fond. But Achil þoughte, as kyng ful wys, ÞatHe sauh. Arthur oueral hadde þe prys; He wiste wel he schulde conquere His lond of hym, ȝyf he come þere; But he seide 'he wolde noughtif he suld not. so ' Hym seluen ne his lond fur-do,P. leaves out this line. ' Ne suffre his folk to be slayn, ' Ne his tresor spende in vayn, ' Ne his casteles betenbe casten. doun, . 'Ne kirke robbed,to robbe. ne brenne toun;' But faire he spak, & wel he hette, & wysly gaf giftes wel bysette,giftes gaf & wisly sette. So þat of Arthur he had grauntise, Þe lond in pes for his seruise; & Arthur þen his seruise tok, Omage he swor hym on þe bok. ¶ Arthur was glad þat he þus wan, So sone þe kyng bicam his man; But ȝut he þoughte to wynne welhe wild wyn. more. Of þe beste knyghtes he ches þore, & squiers bolde, & godegode & slie. archers, . Þat louede werre, & knew þe maners— I ne wot how manyeþe hundrethes ne. þousandes Þat he so gadered y þo landes;— Of gret folk mad he purueaunce, ffor he seyde he wolde to ffraunce: fflaundre he wan, Boloyne he tok; Tounes, casteles, for hym þey quok; His folk so wysly gan he lede, Struyed he no lond als he ȝede, He tok no þyng fer ne hende, But mete & drynke, & hors prouende; ȝit toke þei non wyþ no maistrie, But bought hit þere hit was to bye. Þat tyme þat þis chaunce gan falle, Þat now hat ffraunce, þo hight hit Galle; Þe Romayns þat ilke tyme hit held, Was þerþan. no kyng bar croune ne scheld; & ilk ȝer toke þey þer-of truage, Syþensen. Iulius wan hit in seruage. ¶ De ffrollo, Romano Regente ffrancie. Frolle, a doughti bacheler, Had hit in kepyng many a ȝer; To Romaynsþer. byhoue gadered þer rent, & at termes to Rometermes home. hit sent, Or bar hit hym self to þe Emperour. ffrolle was a ful hardy man in stour, He was comen of Romayns blod, He dreddedouted. non þat ageyns hym stod. Al day tydyng men hym told, Þat Arthur com wyþ host ful bold, & þat no man myghte dwelle ne be But ȝif he helde of hym in fe. Þat herde ffrolle, & was fulright. wo, . & seide hit schuld nought þat weysaid it suld not so gate. go. He dide somounedid somond. alle to come Til hym, þat helde þer fe of Rome, ffor to brynge hors & armes, . Þe lond for to fende fro harmes,P. leaves out this line. & doughtily to-gydere stande Ageyn Arthur þat was comande. ¶ Hic gens ffrolly cecidit. ¶ Hit was nought longe bytwyxt hem set Arþat. þer hostes? final s added by a later hand. to-gedere met. ffrolle mysfel atte firste pres, ffor ner alle his beste folk he les, What y-slayn & ouer schaken, . & nerhande hym self had ben taken. Hit was no wonderwas ferly. þat he fledde, ffor þe gret host þat Arthur ay ledde; Was non þat couþe hit noumbrecouth noumbre it. ne seye, Þe folk he tok, comynge incomand i þe. weye; Hit was no lond þat he þorow sought, Euere þe beste wyþ hym he brought; Þat doughti was on horse or fote, . Wold he, nold he,wild he ne wild he. forþ he mote: Somme wente for his fair speche, & somme for drede of oþer wreche, & somme for he gaf largely, & somme for his grete curtesy,tant por la noblesce de lui, Wace, ii. 84, l. 10,210. & somme for los & doute of ded,tynsell & doute of dede. Knowlechyng til hym þey bed: Of ffraunce many a lordyng Comen to holdecom & held. of hym þer þyng. ¶ De obsidione ffrolly per Arthurum. ffrolle fledde faste to Parys, Hit was þe strengest cite of pris; He knew no bettere recet to haue Ageyn Arthur, þat myghte hym saue;ll. 10,783-10,784. P. transposes these lines. Night & day dide his trauaille To warnischestore. þe toun wyþ vitaille. Mykel folk to Paris fledde, & Arthur þider faste hym spedde; & Arthur vnderstod ful wel Þe purueaunce of ffrolleþer purueiance. ilka del; Þer-fore he hasted his sege to sette, . His purueaunce for to lette. Arthur byseged hym so streit Þat ffrolle mighte wyþ no deseit Of vitaille helpe hym at nede, By londe ne by water lede Ner al a monþe, as men teld, Þat ffrolle þe cite of Paris held; & al þat tyme Arthur þer lay, . He ne remued night ne day. So mykel folk was þer-ynne, Þe raþer bigan þer fight to gynne;soner gon þer faute begynne. (Et de viande poverté, Wace, ii. 85, l. 10,239.) Hit was despended, þat þey in drow; Þey hadde no tyme to drawe inow; ffor hunger gan þey make mone, Men, women, & childre, ilkone. ȝyf ffrolle wylde as þey wolde, Þe toun had ben ful sone ȝolde; Þey preied ffrolle þorowþorhout. þe burghe To make pes wyþ kyng Arthurghe. ffrolle saw þey pleyned þem sore, & þer vitaille was namore, & seye wel þeyþat þei. alle wylde Þe toun vntil Arthur ȝylde; & [þat]þat. þought hym schame & vyl; Hym self had leuere be in peril, & auenture hym his deþ to take, Þan wyþ his wille Parys fursake;þe toun forsake. " Strengþe of body or wille y fonde." Tyl Arþur he sente his sonde: ' ȝyf þat he wilde bytwyxt þem totuo. ' To-gedere fighte, wyþoute mo, ' & whilk of þem were ouer-come, ' Or slayn, or wyþ force nome, ' Tak hym þe lond til his wylle, ' So þat þe folk nought ne spille.' Þat bode cam Arþur wel to hert; His gloue he gaf vp al so smert, & tok hostage o boþe partys, Of Arthures hostof Arthure. (cil de l'ost, Wace, ii. 86, l. 10,274.) & of Parys, Þe bataille scholde be in a pleyne . Bytwyxt two watres, Marne & Seyne. ¶ De bello inter Regem Arthurum & ffrollum. When þey were armed & redy dight, & were comen þer þey schold fyght, Men myght þermen mot. se folk tremble & quake, . On boþe partis gret deol to make, Handes wrynge, on knes towreng on knees. falle, On Godes name to crie & calle, ' Þat he myght wynne, þat pes wold haue, ' & þe lond fro werre myght saue.' Arþures folk stode & byheld, Redy [digh]tA long piece has been torn out of the MS. The gaps are filled in from the Petyt MS., except as noted below. wyþ helm & scheld, & by[sought]e God inderlypraied god interly. To [graunt] Arþur þe maistri. Þy[se two] knyghtes þat forþ were fet, N[obilly di]ght, on horse wel set, T[o assay]e þem how þey were wyght, [Þe lanc]e to reyse, þer scheld to ryght. [Who myg]hteho mot. wel telle, & soþ to seye, [Þat sui]lkSuilk. wer non þat tyme als þey; [Ilk o]f þeym was horsed wel, . [Had a]rmesin armes. stronge as any stel; By sight myght non þer chese þe best, Ne whilk þen semed doughtiest; Ne whilk schold wynne, ne haue þe gre, . By sighte myghte þer non hit se.ll. 10,855-10,856. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. When þey were bone, redy to smite, & þer horshorses. sondred a lyte, Wyþ speres þey smot,MS. snot. P. smote. þe bridel brayd, Þer scheldes sette, þer launceson lance. forþ layd; Þer horses at þer power runnen, Þe partis wende haueall. lorn or wonnen; But ffrolle failled of his dynt,— I trowe his stede a syde stynt,— & Arthur smot hym in þe scheld. Þe hedIren. was god, & ful wel held, & ffrolle out of his sadel cast So fer so þe launce might last. ffrolle vp stirte, & sydlynges glent, His scheld dressed, his launce vpschelde dight his lance he. hent; Til Arþures stede þe point he bar, Þorow þe breste þe herte heit. schar. Arþur fel; he moste nede; He was a fote, ded was his stede. Þe Bretons seye he had þat fal, Þem þoughte for wo þey al to-swal,to sualle. Þe erþe dunedestonyed. for þeir cry, To passe þe water þey were redy, Þe trewes to breke þey were ful wylde, To haue gon ouer in to þe ilde; But þey sawe hym sone vp a-geyn; Þey wyþstod þen, & were fayn. When he was vp, he hadde no rest, . Wyþ ffrolle to fighte he was ful prest, He leyde his hand to Caliborne, Þat neuere for armes wolde scurne. Þer-wyþ on ffrolle ful sore he sought, & ffrolle a-geyn ne dredde hym nought; Agayn Arthur he stod & stynt, Nought abaischt hym forabaist for him. no dynt; His swerd had drawen, he lyft hit heye, On Arþur he let hit sore fleye: Þe dynt was gret, for he was strong, Þe fir out fley, þe sparkles sprong, Þe helm he claf, & þe basyn, & þe coyfe þat was so fyn. Þe swerd was scharp, & ful wel bot, In þe forehed Arþur he smot, Þorow þe flesche, vnto þe pan; After þe strok þe blod out ran. ¶ De occisione ffrolly, Regentis ffrancie. When Arthur feldefelte. þat he was wounded, Noþyng he neNoiþer he. stinte ne stounded; ffor, ful of yre, wyþ colour teint, Was he neyþer abaischt ne feint; Caliborne he hadde in hande, He tok hym byre þe strok teysande;bir þe stroke teisand. AbouenAboun. his helm ful faste he dref; Hed & nekke & breste he clef.to þe girdill þe body clefe. Þey of þe cite mad deol ynow, & þe Bretons þer-fore þey low; What sorewe so þey made al gates, Agayns Arthur þey opened þe gates, And let hym in, & alle hyse, & didemad. hym omage & seruise. When he had homage of lef & loþ, Hostages he tok to halde þer oþ; At Parys to soiourne he ches; Baillifs he sette to ȝeme þe pes; He parted his host in haluendel,& þe halfendele. Bytaughte he þem tobetaught he vnto. sire Ohel, & bad hym 'go to wynne Burgoyne, ' Peytowe, Nauerne, & Gascoigne, ' & Lorreyne, ȝyflorenge if þat. he myghte, . ' Assaye þem wyþ loue or fyghte.' Ohel dide his comaundement, He tok þe folk, & þyder went; And alle þo landes& wan all þo. þat y haue seyd, . To gyue truage on þem he leyd. ¶ De austeritate Gwytardi. Gwithard,MS. Gwichard. P. Witard. (Guitart, Wace, ii. 90, l. 10,375.) þe Duk of Peyters, Was a fel knyght & a fers ffor to kepe his heritage, Nought ne wolde gyuehe wild gyfe no. truage; Often he turnde Ohel þe vys, & often of hym wan þe pris, & often a-geyn hym he les . Er þan he wolde come tilare he wild com vnto. þe pes. Ohel destruide ner al þe lond; Þat he wyþouten castel fond, Al was destruyed, & al was reft, Þe selue vynesþe vineis. þey ne left. When GwytardWitard. saw ner al was lorn, So þat he ne mighte be byforn,he myght not be forborn. He saw hit was non oþer bote, . Bot ȝede & fel Arthur to fote, & didemad. hym homage & feute, Of hym to halden alhold all. his fe. Syþen loued Arthur GwytardWitard. ful wel, . Non so mykel, but only Ohel. Þo oþere contres south fro ffraunce, Arthur þem wan til his alliaunce. ¶ Hic remunerauit Arthurus famulos & seruientes. When Arthur had geten alle þo landes, & wonne hem wyþ dint of his handes, Til þo men þat trauailled sore, Wel of elde þat wyþ hym wore, ȝald hem þer sond & þer seruise, Vnto þer contres he bad þem wyse. But þo þat were ȝonge & wylde, Þat neyþer hadde wyf ne childe, & louede to bere sperelufed to bere helm. & scheld, Nyne ȝer in ffraunce he þem held. Manye wondres by timesselcouth be tyme. sers Bytydde Arthur þo nyn[e] ȝeres; Many a proud man lowe he brought, Til many felon, wo he wrought; Enuyous men he hated alle, Þe mysproude ful lowe dide falle.ll. 10,965-10,966. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. Þer haue men bokes of al his lyf, . Þer are his merueilles red ful ryf;kid full rife. Þat we of hym here alle rede, Þere were þey writen ilka dede. Þyse grete bokes so faire langage, . Writen & spoken of ffraunceson france. vsage, Þat neuere was writen þorow Englischemen, Swilk stile to speke, kynde neno kynde. can, But ffrensche men wryten hit in prose, . Right as he dide, hym for to alose; In prose al of hym ys writen, Þe bettere til vnderstande & wyten.ll. 10,977-10,978. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. ¶ Hic diuisit Arthurus Prouincias, & dedit Ducibus Comitibus, Baronibus, Militibus, & aliis, secun|dum probitates suas. Arthur at Pasches,At þe pasch. at Parys, He held his feste of gret[e]fest of grete. pris: Til alle þo þorow hym had lorn, Restored he als þey werehad. byforn; Riche or pore, gentil or þral, . Þat he þem aughte, he ȝaldpaid. þem al. After þat he was worthy, He ȝald þer seruise largely: To Kaye þat was his stywarde, Aungowe he gaf hym til his part; He gaf also sire Beduer, Þat was of fe his boteler, He gaf hym in fe all Normandie, But þenne hit was caldþat tyme men say it hight. Neustrie; Boloyne he gaf to sire Holdyn, And Mayneþe Mannes. (Le Mans, Wace, ii. 92, l. 10,422.) to Borel his cosyn; He gaf giftes of honurs, & landes & rentes, to vauasours. ¶ Reuersio Arthury in Angliam, in Mense Aprilis. When he had feffed his barouns, & mad his priues lordes of touns, Þe nexte April, when somer gan, Til Ingeland wente ilka man. When men wiste þat þey wer comen, Ageyn Arthur faste þey nomen; Þey made suche ioye, non myghte be more; Hys longe dwellyng þem for-þoughte sore; Ladyes kyste þer lordes swete, Modres & childre for ioye gonon childir for Ioy. grete, Sones welcomed þer fadres home, & made al murthe for þer come;at þer tocome. Lemmans leue ilk oþer kest,P. leaves out this line. Of more þey esed hem when þem lest;P. leaves out this line. Neueus nyftes,A.-Sax. nefa, a niece. sistres broþer, Ilka frend welcomede oþer; Þey stode in ilka strete & sty, In grete routes men passed for-by,in gashadles men passed bie. Þey spirdeto spir. at hem 'how þey hadde faren, ' & whi þat þey so longe waren, ' & how þey spedde of þeyr conquest, ' & what þey wonnewhan þei wan. so fer est, ' & how þey ferde in al þer wo: . " We wole namore ȝe fare vs fro." & þen þey teld hem al þer chaunce, How Arthur hadde wonne ffraunce, & of merueilles þat þey had sen, & in what peryl þey had ben.

The Lambeth MS. has the next two lines twice over; first in this form,—

Alle þe lordes of þis Londe þat Arthur byfore hym fonde.

The Petyt MS. wisely leaves out these lines.

 Þe lordynges of þys lond Þat Arthur bifore hym fond, Riche presentes þey hym sent, . Hys longe dwellyng mykel þey ment; & he ageyn was ful curteys, Some gaf he hors or oþer harneys; Gladly he gaf, & largely. . ffor to schewe his curtesy, ffor to schewe his grete prowesse, & do by-knowe his grete richesse, & for to speken of his dedes . Þat alle kynges doutes & dredes,ll. 11,033-11,036. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. Þey conseilled hym his lond to somoune, At Whitsonday,Qu'à la Pentecoste, en esté, Wace, ii. 94, l. 10,458. to do hym coroune. At Kerlyon in Glamorgan,& Klamorgan. Dide somoune þyderdid somond þidir. ilka man. Karlyoun was somþat. tyme riche, Rome & hit lykned y-liche; Hit standeþ on a water men calleþ Vsk/, To Seuarne hit rennes by bank & busk; In Vsk men myghte þider wende, Outlandes fer þat þider wol lende; On þat o syde ran þat ryuer, Þat oþer side,on þe toþer. fforest, ful of der; Venisoun þer was ynow, Plente of fysche in water þey drow; Large medes wyþ gras plente, Lond to tile, non bettere myght be. Two kyrkes were in þe toun, Þat tyme had þey gret renoun; Of seint Iuly was þat on, Þat oþer was of seint Aaron. Seint Iuly in martirdam gan deye, Nonnes were at his abbeye; Seint Aaron, þer was þe byschopes se,at saynt Aaron was þe bisshop see. Þe heued kyrke of þe cyte; Þer-of Arthur was [þe] ffoundour, &did. set hit in seint Arons honour; Þer were chanons of clergye, & knewe þem wel inþat knewe wele of. astronomye; To knowe þe sternes, þer tente þeyþer wittes. leyd, & til Arthur oftenoft tymes. seyd, Þat what þyng he was aboute, He schulde spede wyþoute doute: Wel was þat tyme at Kerlyoun!Fele was þan a karlioun. But siþsen. þat tyme haþ hit go doun. ffor þe plente of ffysche & flesche, Of wode & water, hey & gres, Of housyng, & of oþer aysement By water & londe men broughte & sent. Þen seide Arthur he wolde þer holde ffeste wyþ alle his barons bolde, & at þat selue samenynge He seyde he wolde be corouned kynge. ¶ Exe quot Reges Comites & Barones venerunt ad coronacionem Arthury. MessegersMS. Messe essegers. P. Mes|sengers. he dide sende ffor kynges & ducs, fer & hende, And for erles & barouns, Knyghtes of castels, lordes of touns. A legat fro Rome was sentSee Wace, ii. 100, l. 10,563. He gives the "legation" to Arch|bishop Dubrice. . ffor to make þe corounement/; Erchebischopes were þer þre,— At Londone was þenne þe se, Þat oþer was at Euerwyk, At Kaerlioun was seynt Dubryk/;— Of Scotland king Agusel,Anguisell. Þat til Arthur was ful lel; Of Murreue þe kyng Vrian, Wyþ hym com his sone Ywayn; Stater of Southe Walys al, Of North Walys þe kyng Cadwal, Cador þe Erl of Cornewaille, ffor Arthur hadde many trauaille; Sire Moryond þe Erl of Gloucestre, Sire Mauryce þe Erl of Wyncestre, Gurgoynt þe Erl of Hereforde,These lines are from the Arse|nal MS. of Wace, 171 B.-L. Wace, ii. 97-8, note (c). & sire Beus of Oxenforde,These lines are from the Arse|nal MS. of Wace, 171 B.-L. Wace, ii. 97-8, note (c). Sire Vrgence þe Erlþat was. of Bathe,These lines are from the Arse|nal MS. of Wace, 171 B.-L. Wace, ii. 97-8, note (c). Þere þe Saxons dide scaþe; Sire Cursal of Chestre was,These lines are from the Arse|nal MS. of Wace, 171 B.-L. Wace, ii. 97-8, note (c). Of Dorcestre sire Ionatas,These lines are from the Arse|nal MS. of Wace, 171 B.-L. Wace, ii. 97-8, note (c). Emoraund þeAmorand. Erl of Salesbury,These lines are from the Arse|nal MS. of Wace, 171 B.-L. Wace, ii. 97-8, note (c). & Kynmar, kyng of Kaunterbury,These lines are from the Arse|nal MS. Wace, 171 B.-L. Wace, ii. 97-8, note (c). Sire Baruk, Erl of Circestre,These lines are from the Arse|nal MS. Wace, 171 B.-L. Wace, ii. 97-8, note (c). & sire Iugens of Leycestre,These lines are from the Arse|nal MS. Wace, 171 B.-L. Wace, ii. 97-8, note (c). Sire Ergal, þe Erl of Warewyk/,These lines are from the Arse|nal MS. Wace, 171 B.-L. Wace, ii. 97-8, note (c). Hys men come to court ful þyk/. ¶ De filiis Magnatum. Of þer childre hit seis þe names; . To nemne hem here, litel hithere it ne. frames: Þer was PorfodesPorsud. sone, Donaunt; & sire ReginesRegin. sone, Elaunt; & CoylesCohel. sone highte Keneus; & Catel sone, Catellus; & oþer names selcouþ to telle, But hit ys nought on þem to dwelle; Þyse serued atte rounde table; To rekene þem alle hit ys but fable. So manye þer were in chaumbre & halle, Men schuld yrke to telle þem alle; What of þo þat y fond writen, . & of þo þat fewe men wyten, Hit are but fewe þat can þem telle, & þo þat can, þer-to ne wyl dwelle.ll. 11,123-11,126. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. ¶ Nomina Regum. OutlandischeOutlandes. kynges þat of hym held, . Þat bowed vntil Arthures scheld, Þo þat he wan wyþ his hand,P. transposes these lines. Gwylomar þe kyng of Irland,P. transposes these lines. Þe kyng of Demark, sire Askyl, Loth of Norweye com hym tyl, Goneweys þe kyng of Orkeneye, (By Irland he cam in his weye,) Doldan þe kyng of Gouthland, . & Reumarek,kynmare. kyng of Wentland, Of Nauare þe kyng, & of Gascoigne,P. transposes these lines. Sire Liger, þe ErlMS. Erk. P. erle. of Boloyne,P. transposes these lines. And of fflaundres, þe Erl Holdyn, Of Chartres, þe Erl Geryn,— He was a man noble & fers, Wyþ hym come alle þe dusze pers,— Sire Gwytard,witard. þe Erl of Peyters, & sire Caye,Key. lord of Aungers; Of Normandie, sire Beduer, (Of fe þe kynges boteler,) & of Manns,þe Mans. (Del Mans, Wace, ii. 101, l. 10,591.) þe Erl Borel, Of Bretaigne, sire Ohel;P. leaves out these lines, though they are in Wace, ii. 101, l. 10,593-6. Sire Ohel & þo of ffraunce,P. leaves out these lines, though they are in Wace, ii. 101, l. 10,593-6. Þey were of noble contenaunce,P. leaves out these lines, though they are in Wace, ii. 101, l. 10,593-6. Wel clad & arayed y þe richest,P. leaves out these lines, though they are in Wace, ii. 101, l. 10,593-6. & horsed alle for þe best.P. leaves out these lines, though they are in Wace, ii. 101, l. 10,593-6. ¶ Pro quantis comoditatibus venerunt ad Curiam Arthuri. Hit was no baron in al Spaigne, Ne þennes in-tilþien vntill, Alemaigne, Þat he til Arthures feste ne ferde, Þat doughti was, & þer-of herde; Somme, hym seluen for to se, & to byholdebe holden of. his meyne; & somme, to se onof. what wyse . Þey ordeigned þer faire seruise; & some, to se þe Table Rounde Þat neuere byforn þat tymeore or þat. was founde; & somme, to se his faire paleys; . Somme, to biholde his riche harneys; Somme, þe folk to by-howe; & somme, his knyghtes for to knowe; & somme, for his geftes gode; . & somme, for his noble fode; & somme come for to haue bailly; & somme, to lere þere curtesy. ¶ When Arthures court wasArthure courte was all. plener, & alle were comen, fer & ner, Þe erþe abouenabout. stired & quok, So faste hors & man þer schok: Þer was puttynge, þristinge, & þro, Wyþ fot-folk þat come to & fro, Innes for to teme & take; Þat non hadde, pauilons did make; Þer maistres mareschals ferde aboute, Deliuered innesstedes. (soliers et cambres, Wace, ii. 102, l. 10,616.) wyþynne & wyþoute; Bordes broughte, cordes & cables, & made mangersmad maniores. to stande in stables. Þen mighte men se þe ladiesþan mot men laddes. (escuiers, Wace, ii. 102, l. 10,619.) lede Many fair palfray & stede In mud, in mires, to soille & dasche, Siþen in wayers to watre & wasche, Syþen to wype, & to mangers teye, Hey & prouende byfor þem leye.ll. 11,185-11,188. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. ¶ Þenne come chaumberleyns & squiers, Wiþ riche robes ofon. mani maners, To folde, to presse, & to pyke, & somme to hange, & som to strike, Manteles, foroursforres. of riche pris, Of meneuer, stranlyng, veyr, &strinkled with. gris; Oþer pelure ynowe þer were, . Þe names of þem y ne wot what are, Lomb or boge, conyng or hare, Y ne knowe me nought in swylk chaffare.ll.11,195-11,198. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. ÞeOn þe. morn when þe feste schuld be, Come þe Erchebischopes of þerArchbisshop of his. degre; Wyþ hym,him. of Rome cam þe legat; And oþer bischopes of mener stat; &, right als þe story seys, Dubrice corouned hym in his paleys; A legat of Rome & he Dide þer þat solempnete. When he was corouned on þat wyse, To þe kyrke þey ȝede to þer seruise; Þe two Erchebischopes þat þer war, Þey ledden hym, ys armes vp bar,Chascuns un bras li sostenoit, Wace, ii. 103. l. 10,643 (from the MS. du Roi, 73, Cangé; whence the next line comes too). & sette hym in a riche chayer, . Þer he scholde his seruise her. ffoure swerdes of golde were born Wyþ foure kynges hym byforn,— Þat seruise fel to þerfell ilk a. (Cist mestiers lor apartenoit, Wace, ii. 104, l. 10,649.) scheld When þat Arthur his feste held,— Þe kyng of North Walys & of Scotland, & of Southe Walys (þus wryten y fand), Of Cornewaille, þe Duk Cador, Þe fferþe swerd bar he þor; Þawþof. his stat were nought so hey, ȝit was he man ful welman most. worþy. Dubrice, þat was a noble prelat, & of Rome þe Legat,

Dubric, qui de Rome ert légas, Et de Charlion ert prélas. Wace, ii. 104, l. 10,658-9.

See p. 387, n.2 above.

 Þat office þey dide, þey myghte best, Of dignete þey were heyest. ¶ De Regina Guenore. Þe Quen Guenore, on hure syde Was serued of mykel pryde, ffor scheo had byfore y-sent After leuedys & maydens gent Þat were of hure owenhir awen. kynde, & oþer of pris þat scheo myght fynde; Quenes, cuntesses, oþer laydys mo, Comen to mayntene þe fest þo;ll.11,233-11,234. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. And in hure chaumbre vpon a pal Þey corouned hure wyþ a coronal. Whenwith. scheo was corouned, þe leuedys Led hire to kyrke of Seint Iulys; Þer were þe nonnes of religion, & þer þe Messe schuldeþer suld hir messe. be don. ¶ De processione eorum. To ben a twynne,þer to be. so þey ches, ffor to departe þer mykel pres; Þey myghte nought be in o stede, . ffor folk vnryde, & mykel crede.krede (crowd). A.-S. cread, a company, troop. Lye, in Bosworth. ffoure ladies wente þe same assise As þe kynges dide Arþures seruise, ffour white douues byforn hure bare;— Þe ladies, kynges wyues ware;— & after þem come oþer leuedys Richely cled in pourpre & bys, In cloþes of golde þat schon so schene, . & oþere in scarlet & in grene,ll.11,251-11,252. The Petyt MS. leaves out these lines. Wace has others, ii. 105, in|stead of them. Alle were þey richely y-dight; Þer was neuere seyen swyche a& gay to behold in. sight! 6. I trowe þer were many doude

Common dowdy girl or woman. See the Towneley Mysteries, p. 312.

If she be never so fowlle a dowde, with hir kelles and hir pynnes The shrew hir self can shrowde, both hir chekys and hir chyn|nes; She can make it fulle prowde with japes and with gynnes, Hir hede as hy as a clowde.

 . Þat proudly spak for noble schroude; IlkonMS. Iilkon. oþer faste byheld, And of þe faire, mykel was of teld.6

6-6 For these four lines the Petyt MS. has,—

Grete presse was at þe procession. Ilkon proudere þan þe lion.

 De Cantu ad Missam. When þe Procession was gon, Þe Messe bygan sone anon: Þer myghte men se fair samninge Of þo clerkes þat best couþe synge, Wyþ treble, mene, & burdoun, Of mani on was ful swete soun; Of þo þat songe heye & lowe, & þo þat couþe org[a]nes blowe, Inow þer was of menestralcie, . & of song gretfaire. melodye. Þer myght men se folk come & go To þe kyrkes, boþe to & fro, Of knyghtes & [of]of. squiers bolde To listne song, leuedisliste songe ladies to. byholde; ffro þat o kyrke to þe oþer þey ran; Where was þe beste, wyste no man; At neyþer þem þoughte þey dwelled longe, Ne nought were ful to here þe songe;ll. 11,273-11,276. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. Ȝyf hit had ben at her pay, Þat song had lasted al þat day. ¶ When þe Messes were boþe done,were don. . & homward þey were al bone, Þe kyng dide of his atirtire. þar Þat he vntil þe kirke bar, & tok anoþer of lasse peys; Þe quene dide þe same weys; Þeir heuy atir þey dide of boþe, & in lightere dide þem cloþe.ll. 11,285-11,286. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. Þe kyng com vntil his paleys & sat atte þe mete þat ilke weys; Þe quene vntil anoþer ȝede, & þe leuedis wiþ hure gan lede: But custume was whilom inSom tyme was custom of. Troye, Þat when þey made feste of ioye, Men to-gydere schuldsuld. go to mete, Þe ladys by þem self schuldsuld. ete; Þe Bretons had þe selue vsage, . Þey were of þe Troiens lynage;ll. 11,295-11,296. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. Þat ilke vsage was at þer feste, No womman cam among þer geste; Þe wommen wyþoute men schuld be, But seruiturs of here meyne. ¶ De nobile Conuiuio & seruientibus. Þe kyng was set vp at þe des, Þer was in fulabout him þe. mykel pres, But aboute hym þe lordynges sat, Ilkon after his astat.ilk a lord after his state. Kay was styward, chosen of alle To serue byforn þe kyng in halle; Hys cloþyng was godriche. (Vestus d'un vermel sig|laton, Wace, ii. 107, l. 10,742.) & fyn, . & þe pelure of eremyn;pelore of hermyne. Wyþ hym serued byfore þe kyng A þousand y þe same cloþynge;vestu d'ermine, Wace, l. 10,745. Out of the kechene serued sire Kay, & alle his felawes þat day. ¶ Sire Beduer on þat oþer partie, He serued of þe botelerye;boterie. Wiþ hym was clad in ereminpelore of hermyne. A þousand þat serued ofþat brouht. þe wyn: Was þer non þat serue bad, But he in riche pelure were clad.ll. 11,317-11,318. The Petyt MS. leaves out these lines, but they are in Wace, ii. 108, l. 10,755-6. Þe kynges coupe sire Beduer bar, & ȝede byforn al þat þer war; After hym come alle þe route Þat serued þe lordesbarons. alle aboute. ¶ Þe quene was serued ful richely, Hure seriauntz were assignedhir seruantz were signed. redy In alle offices for to serue, & byfore þe ladys kerue. Many a vessel was þer riche, . Of sere colours, nought alle y-liche; Of metes many manere seruise, & seer drynkes ofsere drinkes on. þat wyse. Al þe nobleye couthe y nought telle, Ne y naue no stoundeNe myght stonde. þer-on to dwelle, Þe names to seye of þe richesse, Ne of þe men of prowesse; 3Was þer no lond in al þe werd, Of gode knyghtes so mykel of herd.3

3-3Ne þe curteisie ne þe honour of cristiente þer was þe flour. Wace (ii. 109, l. 10,772-82) puts it better for England:—

De biax homes et de noblèce, Et de plenté et de ricèce, De cortoisie et d'onor, Portoit Engletere la flor. De tos les resnes environ, Et sor tos cels que nous savon. Plus erent cortois et vaillant, Néis li povre païsant Que chevalier en autres regnes; Et autre si erent les fenes.

 Was þer no knyght of so hey blod, Ne so mykel hadde of wordleswerldes. god, Þat þer fore scholde be holde insuld be holden of. pris, ButBod. (The treble proof is from the MS. du Roi, 75153.3. Colb. of Wace. See De Lincy's edition, ii. 110, note (a). he in dede were proued þrys; Þries y-proued atte þe leste; Þen was he alosed at þe feste, Þen schuldesuld. his armes þat men knew, & his cloþyng [be] al on hew; þe same queintise his armes had, In þat same schuldsuld. he be clad; & his wyf clad y þe same colour, . ffor hure lord was man of honur. Ȝyf onif ane. were doughti, & sengle man, Þen schuldsuld. he chese hym a lemman; Elles scholdsuld. he nought be byloued But he had ben in bataille proued. Þo leuedys þat were holden chast, ffor noþyng wolde do no wast, Þo leuedis were clad al in on, . & by þeir cloþyng men knewe ilkon. ¶ De diuersis Ludis ibidem. When þey had eten, & schuldesuld. rise, Ilk man dight hym on þat wyse Þat he best couþe inne playe.þat he couth in play. In to þe feld þey tok hervnto þe felde he toke his. waye, & parted hem in stedes sers To pleye ilkon on þer maners: Somme iusted, þat couþe & myght, ffor to schewe þer stedes wyght;lyght. Somme skipte, & keste þe ston, & somme skirmedwrestrld. ful god won, Dartes schoten, launces cast, . & þo þat couþe, wrastledskirmed. (alèrent escremir, [faire des armes, se battre], Wace, l. 10,807. fast. Ilkon pleide þe gamen þey couþe, Þat mest had vsed in his ȝouþe; Þat best dide in his pleynge, He was brought by-fore þe kynge, & þe kyng gaf hym mede, Þat he was paied er þat he ȝede. ¶ Þe ladies vpon þe walles stey ffor to biholde al þer pley; Who so hadde lemman þanþore. in place, Toward hym turned boþe eye & face; On boþe sides ilk oþer byhelde, . Þo on þe walles, þey in þe felde.The next 20 lines are abridged from the Wace MSS., du Roi, 73, Cangé; du Roi, 75153.3. Colb.; de l'Ars. 171, B.-L. Iogelours were þere ynowe, Þat þer queyntise forþforþe. drowe; 3Many mynestrales þorow out þe toun, Som blewe trompe & clarioun,33-3 Mynstrals many with dyuers glew. souns of bemes þat men blew. Harpes, pypes, & tabours, ffyþeles, sitoles, sautreours, Belles, chymbes, & symfan,Chymes & synfan. (Monacordes, cymbes, chorons, Wace, ii. 112, l. 10,832.) & oþere y-nowe, þat nemne y ne can;Oþer Inouh neuen .I. ne kan. Gestours, singers, þat merye sang,Sangsters þat myry song. So gret murþe was, þat ouer al rang;sounde of glew ouer all rong. Dysours y-nowe tolde þem fables, & somme pleide wyþ des &deez at. tables, & somme pleide at hasard fast, & lore & wonne wiþlost & wan bi. chaunce of cast; Somme þat wolde nought of þe tabler, Drowe forthe meyne forof. þe cheker Wyþ draughtes queinte of knight & rok, & oþer sleyghtes ilk oþer byswok;with grete sleiht ilk oþer suoke. At ilka mattyngmatyng. þei seide 'chek;' Þat most þer loste, sat y þe blek.most les sat in his nek. ¶ De donis Arthury. Þre daies þe feste satlasted þe feste.— I trowe neuere non was lykewas neuer non as. þat— & when hit cam to þeit com. Wodnesday, Þat þe people schuld parte, to wende þerfolk suld parte a. way, Þe kyng þem gaf his giftes riche, Þo þat til his seruise were briche, & for þer seruises held hem at fees;seruise held þer feez. & somme he gaf burwes & cites; Bischopes & abbotes, auaunced þerAbbot & bisshop auanced his. rent Er þan þey fro his court[e] went; And oþere þat of strange landesþat of oþer londes. were, Þat for worschip were come þere,for luf com. He gaf þem stede,gaf stedes. & coupes of golde, & oþere iuels, þe beste onnon richere aboun. molde; Somme gaf he hauberks, & somme grehoundes, Somme riche robes, wyþworth. many poundes, Somme manteles wyþ veyr & grys, & somme masers of riche pris, & somme helmes, & sommehelmes &. hauberkes; . & gode palefrays he gaf to clerkes; Bowes, arewes, he gaf to& arwes he gaf. archers, RounsyesRunces (? for Wace's chacéors, hunters, ii. 115, l. 10,890.) gode vnto squiers;

The Petyt MS. adds,—

som he gaf hauberions. som plates & som aktons.

 Som gaf he plates & swerdessom he gaf knyues. of plyght, Somme gyrdles & knyues fulAnd som suerdes. richely dight; Somme gaf he ewer & basyn, & somme pelure of fyn eremin.

ll. 11,425-11,426. The Petyt MS. puts these two lines after l. 11,428, but varies them thus:—

som gaf he pelore of hermyn. som lauour of siluer with bacyn.

 Vnto disours þat telde þem gestes, . Gaf he cloþes, orhe gaf cloþes of. wylde bestes, Lyouns, lepards, þat wold þem take, Beres & apes boþe white & blake;ll. 11,429-11,430. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. Was þer non ought worthy Þat he ne gaf hym ful bleþely, & after þat his astat was lyft, Als he rewarded hym ofso he rewarded him with. gyft. ¶ De Nunciis Lucii Inperatoris Rome. Ryght als þis giftes were in gyuyng,gyffyng. & alle y-serued, knyght & kyng, Arthur sat [vp]onopon. þe des, And aboute hym his mykel pres Of kynges, dukes, erles,Of kynges erles. & barouns, . & of straunge lordesof vnkouth knyghtes. & Bretons, & schulde haue taken leue, & went, Twelue messegers til hym were sent ffro þe Emperour of Rome: Two to-gydere, faire þey come In to þe halle, Arthur byforn, Wyþ olyue braunches in handes born, Wyþ softe pas & [fulle] seinefulle seine (or seme). Gret þei Arthur & his meyne: Þey seide þei were "messegers, " Comen in pes & in faire maners " Out of Rome, þenneþien. ful fer, " ffro þe Emperour Lucius Iber,ybere. " Þat ys oure lord lef &lord & our. dere; " By vs he sendes his lettres here, " & þe comaundeþ on alle weys . " Þat þou do as þis lettre seys." Þe lettre in his hand þey leyde; List now what þe lettre seyde: ¶ fforma litere Lucii Inperatoris. " Lucius, þat Rome hadhas. in baillie, " & ouer þe Romains haþþe. maistrie, " Sendeþ til Arthur þe Bretoun " Als on of his enemys feloun. " Me merueilles mykel, & ilka Romayn, " & merueillyng, we hauemeruailand we haf. disdeyn " Þat þou dar bere þe so heye, " Ageyns a Romayn open þyn eye.ons open þin Ie. " Y wondre at the bost þou makest,of þe bost þou makes. " & at wham þou conseil takest,whom þou conseile takes. " Ageyn Rome to reyse strif, " Þe whiles þou wost o Romayn has lyf.Whils þou wote a romeyn o lyfe. " Þou gaf þy self a sory chek, " Ageyns Romeagayn Romeyns. to reise cuntek, " Þat al erthe þorow dom hitþorh dome. demes, " & as hed of al þe word hit& hede of all þe world it. ȝemes! " Þou wot nought, ȝit wist shal hit be, " Ne nought hast seyn, but þou schaltnouht þou sawe bot þou sall. se, " How gret hit ys to wrathe Rome " Þat al þe werd schal iustice &world iustise with. dome! " Ageyn kynde hastou gon! " Reson ne mesure hastou non! " Wheþen come þou? what þyng þe boldes? " Oure truage takes, & has, & holdes, " Oure landes vs reues as þou wyldes, " & til vs no þyng þou [ne] ȝeldes! " What right hastow þer vnto? " Þy folye hit ys þat þou didest so! " ȝyf þey may longe wyþ þe so leue, " Þat we þorow force þe þem nought reue, " Þen may þou seye, & scorne, þe wheþerskorne & say to where. " Þat þe wolf fleþwoulf fles. (lions fuit, Wace, l. 10,948.) for þe weþer; " & ȝit þat he so longe slep " Þat durste nought wake to asaille a schep, " Or þat a got þe wolfgoot þe woulf. dyd dare, " & þe grehoundlupars, Wace, ii. 117, l. 10,950. fledde for þe hare. " But swilk a þyng may nought bitide! " Namore schal hit on oure syde! " Oure auncestre Iulius Sesar " Wan Bretayne (art þou nought war?) " And tok trewage þer-of longe— . " ffour hundred ȝer we gon hit fonge,— " & of oþere ildes aboute; " But now þorow þe we are wyþoute. " ȝut hastou don vs more vilte " Þan al þat losþe losse. we telle to þe, " Þat þou ffrolle, our baroun,seruant. slow, " ffraunce & fflaundreset Bretaigne, Wace, l. 10,964. from vs þou drow! " ffor þou hast of Rome no doute, " Ne til his lordschip wil þou loute, " Y make þe somouns vnto Rome, " & comaunde þe þat þou come, " ffolewyng attefolowand at þis. nexte heruest.a mi-aost, Wace, ii. 118, l. 10,969. " Hit schal nought helpe cheson to kest; " But com, & amendemend. þyn vnright, " Þat þou so slowe ffrolle oure knyght, " & als amende on oþer weye " Of þat we connekon more. to þe seye. " But ȝif hit be so þou make delay, " Þat þou nelt& will not. come at þy day, " Ne comebewe (bow). til oure comaundement, . " Þan telly þe outrelytell .I. þe þat þou ert. schent! " ffor, þorow force, ffraunce y schal.I. will. þe reue; " Of Bretayne nought o fote byleue!a fote leue. " Y trowewene. nought þou wilt abide, . " & ȝyf þou do, þou schalt þe hide, " & sikerI. trowe nouht. on þys half þe se " Þou schalt noughtþou sall. dur schewe þe to me; " & ȝyf þou on þys half bes,halfe bees. " At my comyngif .I. kom. for soþe þou fles, " Þou schal nought tapicetapir (to crouch), Wace, ii. 119, l. 10,985. a night to slepe " Þat y ne schal do þe sterte & lepe, " & brynge þe to Rome in bondes,bandes. " & leue þe þer in Romaynes hondes!þe in þe Romeyn handes." At þat word was noise & cry Of þe Bretons þat stoden ney; Oþes þey swore þat "þey schold deyeQue cil seront deshonoré, Wace, l. 11,993. " Þat broughte þat lettre of vylenye! " & for his loue þat sente ȝow hyder, " ȝe schul ben honged alle to-gyder!" Lytel letted þey nadde be slayn or hirt;letted þat men þam hirte. But Arthur þenne anon vp stirt: " Bretouns!" he saide, "holdeþhold. ȝow stille! " Þe messegers schul haue non ylle! " Ne neyþer ille haue nenon ille haf non ille here. here, . " But come & go in faire manere; " Messegers of Rome þey are, " In pes þey come, so schul þey fare; " Þer message þat þei haue seyd, " A lord þey haue, on þem hit leyd." When þe noysedynne. was wel pesed, & eft hadde þeir sittyngeþei had þer setes. sesed, Þe kyng tok wyþ hym two or þre Of his wysest barouns priue, Þat best couþe conseille til honour; Wyþ hym þey ȝede vntil a tour,— Þe name þer-of, hit was in haunt As y fond writen, þe Tour Geaunt— Þer sat Arthur, & þey byside, To conseille how myghte best bytide. ¶ Dicta Cadoris Cornubye. Sire Cador spak firste, & low,louh. & seyde, "sire kyng, y schal sey ȝow: " Often in studie haue y ben, " And in gret drede ay bytwen, " Þat þorow ildelnesseIdelnes. of pes " Are Bretons feble & herteles; " ffor IldelnesseIdelnes [no ffor.] norischeþ but iuel; " Temptacion of flesche && mykell temptacion. of þe deuel; " Idelnesse makeþ man fulmas man right. slow, " & doþ prowesse falle right low;louh. " Idelnesse norischeþ lecherye, " & doþ vs tente to suchdos vs tent to suilk. folye; " IldelnesseIdelnes [no ffor.] & long rest, " ȝougþe in wast awey wil kest, " & doþ men tente to folye fables, " Tyl hasardrie, des,to deez. & tables. " We haue now al þis fyue ȝer . " Lyued in lechoursvsed rioterie. mester, " &þat. þorow rest & such soiour " Haue we lorn grethaf we lost grete. honour. " A long whilePiece, Wace, ii. 121, l. 11,031. þen haue we slept, . " Þat noman wakyngewakand on. vs kept; " But, þanked be God.I. þank god. & oure lady, " Now ar we wakned a party;un petit, Wace, l. 11,032. " Som grace is ronne in Romayns herteronen in þe romens þouht. " Þat þey chalange vs so smerte,chalenge on vs souht. " Vs to bynime oure landesfor to haf our londes. & fees, " & oure conqueste ofall our conquest in. oþer contres. " ȝyf Romayns be so coraious " Þat þey wil do as þey send vs, " ȝit schul þe Bretons wynne þem los " Of Romayns þat in Rome gos; " ffor longe pes louede y neuere, " Ne nought ne schal, þey y lyuesall þof .I. lyf. euere." ¶ Þenne spak Wawayn þe curteys: " Merueillike, Cador, þou seys! " After werre, god ys pes; " & after wo, þe wele god ches; " In pes ys don gret vasselage, " ffor loue men doþ gret outrage."many rage. & at þat word þey set hem doun, Þe kyng & ilka baroun. When þe kyng saw þem set, Alle þat were til conseil fet, Þe kyng þoughte a þrowe,a while he þouht. þen lifte his hed, When þei hadde þer ianglyng leued:carpyny leued. " Barouns," he seide, "þat ben now here, " ȝe are my felawes, me& me. ful dere; " When y lese, ȝe haue part þer-ynne, " & felawes ȝe are when þat y wynne; " When wo or werre haþ me comen, " ȝour part wyþ me haue ȝe nomen, " As felawes in prosperiteP. leaves out this line. " & felawes in aduersete;P. leaves out this line. " ffor wheþer y haue wonne or loren, " ȝour hap wyþ me haue ȝe forþ boren; " Þorow ȝoure help & god auys " Hauy wonnen mikel pris; " By water, by londe, haue y ȝow led, " Þorow ȝow in nede haue y wel sped; " Euere y haue foundeall tymes haf .I. fon. ȝow trewe, . " & euere ȝour conseil god & newe; " Alle þe londes þat y haue wonne, " Wyþoute ȝow was nought bygonne. " Þe Romayns, as ȝe haue herd " By þys lettre þat here ys sperd,þat here is folden & vp sperd. " Me & ȝow þey manace fast, " Wyþ grete wordes þey wene me gast. " ȝyf God wil helpe me & ȝow; " Þeir þret schal nought be for þerþer manace is no þing. prow; " Of vs gete þey neuere nought, " But ȝif hit be ouer dere abought.bot it be full dere bouht. " Þey haue gret power, & ar ful riche, . " Þer nis no power to þeiresnon is þer pere ne to þam. liche, " Þer-fore we mostebus vs. bifore purueye " What we wil do, what we wil seye, " & auenauntlyAuant like. (avenanment, Wace.) & resonable, . " & þat we seye, hold hit stable. " A þyng for þoughtþing be for. þat men wil rede, " Hit is þe bettere mayntened at nede; " An arewe þat ys schoten, ȝe se, " Eyþer bihouesouþer bos. hit men fendit or fle; " Þat same weys byhouesþe sam wyse bos. vs do. " Þyse Romayns han yschotenhaf schoten. vs to; " Now conseille we, & keuerecouere. vs raþe, " So þat her schetyng do vs no scaþe. " Trewe þey aske, so haue þey had; " Þat ys bihinde, send þem þey bad, " Of þis lond & oþere mo; " & ffraunce wil þey noughtwill not. furgo. ¶ Dicta siue Responcio Arthury ad Romanos. " For Bretaigne wil y firstwill first. answere, " Writen in lettre þat þey schul bere,sall here. " Answeryngansuere. for ȝow & me, . " Þat lettre wil y þat hit so be. " Þus wil y seye, þus wol y write " My skile; lestemy skill listens. me a lite: " Cesar of Rome þis land first wan, " A[l] þorow fight & force of man; " Þe Bretouns mighte noughtþat tyme mot not. defende; " Trewe byhoued þem totreuage bord þam to þam. sende; " & force, ȝe wite wel, ys no god right, " But pruyde out of mesure myght; " Hit is no skile, ne lawe non makes " Þyng þat þou þorow force takes; " & swylk giftes men schal furdo, " Þat wyþ wrong was taken so. " Þey repreuevpbraide. vs of our auncessours, " Þat þey ouer-cam þem wyþ harde stours;hard schours. " Of pouerte þey make vmbreyd,vpbraide. " & of trewageþe treuage. byfore seyd; " & of þis þey make auauntement, " Þat here-byforn our fadres schent. " So mykel oughteawe. we greue þem þe more. " & þey ar halden vs to restore; " Wel oughte we hat hem þat hem hanWe awe to hate þat þei haf. hated, " & bere hem doun& bete doun þo. þat hem abated. " Þey wolde donwill do. vs þe same outrage, " & seye hit ys þer heritage " To haue oure godes, & vs to reuille! " Þey schul nought bide eft þat while; " ¶ But bywith. þer resoun & þer dome, " Wyþ skile y may chalange.I. will set chalange on. Rome; " So wyþ skile & reson& with þer skill. y may wel " Þe lond of Rome aske eueryask ilk a. del. " Belyn was kyng of Bretouns, " And Brenne duk of Burgoilouns; " Þyse breþere, of Bretaygne born, " Conquered Rome here byforn, " & of Rome tokþe Romeyns toke. truages, " & henge þer twenty of þeir hostages " Byfore þer eyen, þat þey myght se, " & siþen conquered al þe cite. " When Belyn turnde to Bretayne, " Of Rome he made Brenne cheftayne, " & bad hym gouerne al þe honour, " & he so regned as Emperour. " Now wil y late of.I. leue. Belyn, " & speke y wil of Constantyn, " Constances sone & Eleynes,Constancius sonne & Elyns. " Þat held Rome als his demeynes. " Constance, of Rome had seynurye fair, . " & Constantyn þen was his heyr, " & y am heir of Constantyn; " Þorow þat desent Rome schal be myn. " Maximyan, Leonsleonyne. sone, . " Kyng of Bretayne, at Rome gan wone; " He wan Neustrie, þe Lesse Bretayne, " & al ffraunce & Alemayne, " & al Mongow & Lombardye, " And of Rome hadde þe seignurye; " Þyse were myn ancessours of scheld, " Þat only þeþat þe. honour of Rome held. " Now þorow skil haue ȝe knowen " Þat Rome by reson scholdRome ouh to. be myn owen " Al so wel as Bretayne þeyres, " Þorow eld auncetrie til heyres. " Rome had trewage, & hit fur-sok; " & trewe of Rome myn auncestres tok; " Þey cleyme Bretayne, & y cleyme Rome; " Þat we boþe cleyme, ȝutit. ys to come; " Let þem wynne hit ȝif þat þey may, . " ȝit haue y kept hit al my day. " ffraunce y wan of ffrolle þer knyght; " To kepe hit lengere he haddelengere þei. no myght; " Þorow force þey wonne hit, als y hit wan; . " Wyþ force so mighte anoþer man. " Wherto chalange þey so bolde " Þat þey ne myghte no lenger holde?ll. 11,725-11,726. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. " Þorow right skil haue þey no seruise, " But al þorow force & couetyse, " Þat ys to anoþer al so fre " Als hit was to þeym or me.ll. 11,729-11,730. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. " Þe Emperour makeþ vs gretmakis his. manace, " Out of þis lond me for to chace, " & in bondes to Rome lede. " Nolde God he scholdegod will not he. so spede! " Y preyse hym litel, & drede hymlitill he me praises & dredes. lesse! " ȝyf he on me wilhe to me. seke prowesse, " Encountre he getes er þata countir he getis or. he go, " Þat eft ne schal he me manace neMe eft sall not manace to. slo, " Ne to none of myne do ylle; . " So schul we don hym chaunge his wille. " But when þey come to chalangyng, " Bryng Rome, & y schal Bretayne bryng! " & whilk of vs þat most may, " Bere Rome & Bretayne boþ a-way." ¶ Dicta Ohelys Regis. When Arþur had seid his resoun, Wel was hit alowed of ilka baroun.with ilk breton. Wiþ o word seide þei alle at ones, . " Wel haue ȝe seid, sire, for þe nones!" When þei were stilled a party, ffirst spak sire Ohel þat sat hym by, & seide: "no man ȝong ne oldalde . . . . . talde. " Schuld ought amende þat ȝe haue told; " But syþen þou sestsen þou sees. þat þou art þret, " & may nought passe wyþoute baret, " Somoun þy folk, & make þem ȝare, . " & set þem day when þou wilt fare. " But make no long drecching þer-to, " ffor y wile, ȝif þat þou wilt so, " & passe Moungu in to þe mountz,Mongow in to þe mouns. . " & holdehold þe. day of þy somouns. " & ȝif we wende so allewend with þe. to-gyder, " & he se þat we come þyder, " So may bytide,tide. þen schal hym rewe " Þat he bigan þis bale to brewe; " & hit bytydes manyit tides often. stoundes, " Þat who so bygynneþ,þat on bigynnes. hym self confoundes. " I trowe þat God wil vs auaunce; " Grace ys to-ward, & gode chaunce. " Þe Emperour sendes after þe; " Sek hym þer-fore,þan. wher so he be, " & baldely bede we on hym þe bars;& bede baldlie on him bares. " Sone schul we se þen ho ys chars;so may we se who vs chares. " Set þe Emperour in swylk a drede " Þat he tys court nere dur vsþat neuer to courte eft dur þe. bede. " Loke what seis þe prophesie,— " Sibille þe sage [þat]þat. wil nought lye:— " Þe Bretons,Que trois roi, Wace, ii. 128, l. 11, 210. of Bretayne schul come, " & þorowþorgh fyne. force gouerne Rome." " ffoure artuo er. (Dui de cels, Wace, l. 11,212.) passed, wel we mene; " Þou art þe fifte schalert þe thrid sall. (Tu es li ters, Wace, l. 11,216.) do þem tene; " Þe fifte þou art, y wot hit we[l],P. leaves out these lines. They are in Wace, ii. 128-9. " Þat Rome schal haue ilkadel.P. leaves out these lines. They are in Wace, ii. 128-9. " Syn so ys ordeyned to bityde, " Wher-to schold we longesall þou long. abide? " Auaunce now boþe þy self & ous!P. leaves out these lines. They are in Wace, ii. 128-9. " Oure wil to helpe ys coraious;P. leaves out these lines. They are in Wace, ii. 128-9. " Y dar wel seye, so hastou founde,P. leaves out these lines. They are in Wace, ii. 128-9. " ffor we ne doute no dynt ne wounde,P. leaves out these lines. They are in Wace, ii. 128-9. " Ne deþ, ne prison, ne langour,P. leaves out these lines. They are in Wace, ii. 128-9. " So wilne we faste þyn honour!P. leaves out these lines. They are in Wace, ii. 128-9. " Leue nought now, but faste þe spede, " & y schal, ȝyf þat þou hauesall help if þou haf. nede, " Come wyþ ten þousand of gode knyghtes, " Horsed & armedwith hors & armes. at alle rightes. " & ȝyf þou for tresour lette, " Al my lond schal y wed-sette " ffor gold & seluer, þe to take, " Er þou þis viage schuld fursake."or þou þi wendyng forsake. (Seint Dubrice, þe holy man, . At kyng Arþur tok leue þan ffor to chaunge his abyte, & bycam anonbicome ane. heremyte; & Dauid, Arthures em, hit tok, . Þe erchebischopricheArchbisshop see. þat Dubrice fursok.) ¶ Dicta Aguselly, Regis Scocie. After þe speche of sire Ohel, Seyde þe kyng sire Agusel,Anguisel. Sire Lothes broþer, & sire Vrien,P. leaves out this line.— . Alle þre were doughti men,P. leaves out this line.— & seide, "ȝyf þou wilt werre bygynne, " Spek now to þo þat ar here-ynne, " Þe beste of alle þy baronage, " Þat wyte & herden þe message, " And wite þer wille, what þey wil do, " & what þat þey may helpehelp þe. þer-to. " Now ys tyme to purueyeP. leaves out this line. " Of help, & god conseil to seye,P. leaves out this line. " Alle þo þat of þe holde,P. leaves out this line. " Riche lordes, & barouns bolde,P. leaves out this line. " Þat oughte to helpe þe þorow skile,P. leaves out this line. " & wel y trowe þat so þey wyle.P. leaves out this line. " No tydynge neuere y ne vnderstod " Þat gladed me so mikel in mod, " As wyþ þe Romayns for to werre, . " Þat alle men in þer daunger sperre. " Y ne may þem nought loue ne preise, " ffor þey ar proude & vncurteyse, " Gode men so mykel toþei. despise, " Þat schul nought liue butþei may not lif bot. in þer seruise; " & þey ar men of non honour, " But couetous to gedere tresour, " Gode menMS. mem. P. men. wyþ-al to noye, . " & þer londes to robbe & struye.ll. 11,831-11,832. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. " Y trowe þei schul ȝittrowe þam sall. mis-bytide " ffor þer couetise & þer pryde; " Of þys þat þey haue y-sent,haf vs sent. " Þey schul be wrothe er hit be ent;ent = ended. " Wonder were elles, or art me failles, " But þey pleye wyþ repentailles.ll. 11,837-11,838. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. " & þaw þeybot þof þe. neuere had hit by-gonne, " We scholde þorow rightsuld þorgh reght. on þem haue ronne " ffor to venge our auncessours, " & bate þer pride as þey wolde ours. " Þey seide þey had of þeymþei say þai had of vs. trewage, " & chalange hit for here heritage: " I trowe þat þey nere þemþam neuer. non gaf, " But þorow force þem ouer haf, " As þeues robbed þem, & reft: . " Þat wil we chalange of þem now eft/; " Wyþ force þey gaf hit to þe Romayns, " Wyþ force we wil haue hit agayns. " So harde oure force may to þem byte, . " Þat alle oure scaþes schul þey quyte;ll. 11,849-11,852. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. " We haue wonnen many a stour, " & ouer al born a-weyouer all we haf born. þe fflour, " So schul we ȝit þer pride abate, . " ffor þer couetise & þeir hate. " Þat we haue wonne, y sette at nought, " But ȝif þe Romayns to ryngrounge. be brought; " Noþyng now desire y moremare . . . . . ware. " Þan þider-ward we redy wore, " & þat we were at þe bataille, " To se who scholdewhilk suld. best assaille; " Þer schuldsall. we wynne prowesse & prow, " Hors, harneys, tresor ynow; " ȝif God vs graunte our lyf to saue, " Þat we þem aske, we schulsall. wel haue, " Rome & al þat þer-to langes; " Þen schulsall. we ryghte, þat now vs wranges.þat þerto langes. " ȝyf God wil graunte vs wel tovs forto. venge, " Toward hym we schalȝit sall we fond to. wynne Lorrenge " & Alemayne, ȝyf þat we may; . " Algate, ȝut schul we makeall gate we will mak. assay! " Als y seye, so wol y rede, " & þat ilke& all þe same. wil do in dede. " ȝif God me graunte wel to spede, " Two þousanddix mil, Wace, ii. 132, l. 11,316. schal y wyþ me lede, " & fot folk ynowe, gode at nede: " ȝif God wyle, noman schul we drede!"will we sall not. When þe Scottysche kyng had his taleAnguisell his tale had. told, Alle þey seide wyþ tonge o fold, ' Þat schent he schold be of hem alle,Honis soit, Wace, l. 11,321. ' On wham þat þe wendyng schulde noughtþat wendyng suld not. falle.' When ilkon had seid his wylle, Arthur listned, & sat ful stille, Let calledid calle. a clerk wyþ inke & penne, & bad hym write he scholde hym kenne. Als he had seyd in alle maners, & bitaught hitHe tauht it to. þe messegers ffaire folden, & wel enseled,we seilde. & to þer maister was hit deled,deilde. & dide þem alle gret honour, . Y-now he gaf hem of tresour, & bad hem seye to þe Emperour, Þat "Arthur of ffraunce [is] gouernour, " & of Bretaigne chef & flour, " & schal defendit, castelSall defend boþe toun. & tour, " & be þer warant & socourP. leaves out this line. " Ageyns Romayns to stonde in stour."P. leaves out this line. " Seissay. ȝour lord, y wil nought let " To come þat day þat he haþ set; " No trewage to ȝelde, but trewage tobot forto. fet; " Loke he be redy, do þat he het!" Þe messegers þer leue þey tok, Toward Rome þer wey þey schok, & telde þe Emperour, when þey come, Þe grete nobleye of Arthures home, How mykel folk þey wyþ hym fond,— . So doughti þer narnon is. in no lond,— & in what stede his court he held, Al þe stat þer-of, þey teld, How curteisly to þem he spak, " Nought but wysdomMS. wysdon. of his mouþ brak; " Nys non on lyue, cayser ne kynge, " Þat semeþ so welsemes so wele. his beryng, " Ne so curteys þer-wyþ-al; " His giftes ar large, & stondestandes. in stal; " Þer ys no kyng doþ sucheit is no kyng to his. costages " Of mete ne drynke, ne giftes ofno to gyue. wages; " Ne swilk seruise ys þer non " In no court, as incourte bot. his allon. " To aske hym trewe, hit is for nought; " He þenkes to aske ȝe þennesþien. [what ye thence took.] brought." Þe chartre þey schewed þer barouns, . & seide, "swich ys Arthures respouns." When þe Romayns had wel herd How þe messegers answerd, & þeir lettrechartre. acorded wel Vntil þer sawe ilka del, Þat Arthur wolde no seruise do, But haue trewage,—þe lettre wild so,— Þey seide to the Emperour alle aboute, " Wyþ force ȝe schul don hym loute. " Passeþ Moungu wiþ host right stoute;P. leaves out this line. " & ȝif he come, we schal hym route, " & reue hym his regne, maugre his snoute, " & wyþ righte force hold hym wyþoute."P. leaves out this line. ¶ De Consilio Romanorum contra Arthurum, cum nominibus Regum eorum. When Lucius wyste Arthures respouns, He saw& sawe. þe wille of his barouns, &he. dide somoune wyþoute delay To be redy byn þe twentyþbe þe tuenty. (al disme, Wace, ii. 134, l. 11,362.) day, Wyþ hors & harneys to wende al prest Ageyn Arthur toward þe west: " ffor y schal nere stynte no stoundeP. leaves out this line. . " Til y come þere þat þey hym founde."P. leaves out this line. ¶ Nomina Regum. ffirst com Epistrot þe kyng of Grece, & Sire Otheon, Duc of Boece, Sire Hurtak þe kyng of Turkeys, A doughti knyght & a curteys, Pandras þe kyng of Egipte,Crète, MS. du Roi, 27; d'Egypte, MS. du Roi, 73, Cangé; Wace, ii. 135, l. 11,374. & of CyceGète, MS. du Roi, 27; Crethe, MS. du Roi, 73, Cangé; ib. 11,375. þe kyng Ypolipte,— He was of gret seignurie, An hundred cites at his baillie;— Out of Syre cam Ewander, & out of ffryse þe kyng Teucer, & out of Babilloyne sire Macipsa,Micipsa. & out of Spayne sire Elephatina,Alifatina. & out of Mede þe kyng Bockus, & out of Lubye sire Sertorius,Sertonius. (Sertorius, Wace, l. 11,383.) Out of Bycynie sire Polidetes, & out of Tyre þe kyng Serses,Et d'Iture li rois Xersès, Wace. Sire Musensar, kyng ofMucensar out of. Aufrik,— A lond ferne a ful gret stryk; But he broughte tresor gret plente,P. leaves out this line. & fair folk, & fele, to se.P. leaves out this line.— Þo þat were of þe senatours, Men of Rome most of honurs, Of þeym cam Marcel, Lucius, Catel,lucius katell. Octa, Gayus, & sire Metel, Manye oþere& oþer Inouh. of þe same kynde, Þat noman may þer names fynde; & þey alle þe names wer founde,P. leaves out this line. . Me þynkeþ hit were but tynt, þe stoundeP. leaves out this line. To write þe names of so fele houndeP. leaves out this line. Þat were vncristned in þys mounde.P. leaves out this line. When alle were comen, symple & bolde, ffour hundred þousand þer wer tolde, & an hundred & foure score, Alle armed men, hit tellesof armes men telle. byfore, Wyþoute fotmen & seriauntye,sargeancie. . Þat þe noumbre kan non descrye. When alle were comen þat þider schold come, At þe Lammesse þey wenteremoued. (Entrant aost, de Rome murent, Wace, ii. 136, l. 11,401.) fro Rome, & tok þer weye toward Moungu . Wyþ mykel noyse & cry & heu.hu. ¶ De tenentibus Regis Arthury. When Arthur departed his meyne, & schulde go þer þey wold be, By name he made þem alle somouns Er þey wente, alle þe barouns, & preied hem of help at here myght,— But þat þey saued wel þeir ryght;— And how mikel ilkon myght brynge, . Þat wolde he wyte ouer alle þynge. Irland, Gutland, & Norweye, Denmark, Island, & Orkeneye, SexSet, Wace, ii. 136, l. 11,412. score þousand þey hym het,mette. Of alle þo landes gedered & fet,— Knyghtes were namo ofnon of alle. (N'estoient mie che|valier, Wace, l. 11,414.) þo, But oþere,—þat on fote mostþei kouth not ride þei suld. (N'il ne savoient cevalchier, Wace, l. 11,415.) go; On fote by-houed þem bere þer armes,P. leaves out this line. Dartes, gauelokes, & gysarmes;P. leaves out this line. Þat was þe manere of þer lond,P. leaves out this line. Þey hadde non oþer, ne non þem fond.P. leaves out this line. ¶ Of Normandye & of Angeowe, Of Pykardie & of Peytowe, And out of fflaundres & of Brabant,of fflandres & Boloyne. (Bo|logne, Wace, l. 11,420.) ffour score þousand wyþouten want,essoyne (difficulty). essogne, Wace, l. 11421. So mykel scholde þey fynde of fe,P. leaves out this line. . & namore was þer ryght to be.P. leaves out this line. In ffraunce were þanne twelue lordes fers,tuelfe lorde sers. Þat men calle þe duszecald duze. pers; Þyse dusze pers, lordes of ffraunce, To GernyGeryn. (Gérin, Wace, l. 11,426.) of Chartres þey hadde alliaunce; Eche of hemIlk of þam. fond an hundred knyghtes Þat fel to þerfell þer. fe at alle rightes. Ten þousand hette sire Ohel, & two þousand sire Agusel;Auguisel (or Anguisel). & Arthur, of þys ilke lond Sextiquarante, Wace, l. 11,435. þousand knyghtes he fond, Wyþ-outen fot-folk & archers, & seriauntz & arblasters; Of þyse y ne fond no noumbre y-writen, Ne of na mo ne couþe men witen. ¶ When Arthur wyste þe certeyn, What ilk lord scholde brynge hymhow fele ilk kyng suld bring. ageyn Of men of armes of god array, He preied hem come, & sette a day, At Bareflete in Normandye, Þider scholde come al þer nauye; & ilkon certeynlike þey hethim certeynly hette. To be þere at þat day set. Þen went alle hom, kyng & knyght, & purueyd hem þat þey were dight. ¶ De Modredo, ffratre Walwyny, traditore. Sire Arthur hadde a cosyn, Moddred he highte, aModrede hight þat. (A Mordret, un de ses nevos, Wace, ii. 138, l. 11,452.) traitur fyn; A noble knyght he was in stour, But til his e[me] he wasto his Eame was he. traytour. Arthur bitaughtymhe betauht him. his lond to kepe;— Hym hadde ben bettere haue leidhad bien better haf liggen. to slepe; ffor he had louedhe lufed. þe quene"Genievre estoit sa seror," says the MS. du Roi, 75153.3. Colb.; Wace, ii. 138, l. 11,458. priuely, Arthures wyf, & leyn hurelay hir. by; Nought was perceyued bytwyxte hem to: Who schuld haue trowed hit had bewild haf wend it had bien. so? Who wold haue went so synful lyf, Þat þe cosyn had leyn by þe emes wyf? & namely of swylk a man? Þorow al þe werld his los of ran.—ll. 12,043-12,046. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. Arthur bitaught hym GeneuereGoneuere. þe quen, (Alas þat euere hit scholde so ben!)allas if myght oþer wais bien. & al þe lond saueþe lond all bot. þe coroune, & schopdight, his host to Southaumptoune, Þer schipes y þe hauen ryden, Þat Arthur & his folk abiden. Þer myghte men se þe mariners, Many wyght man in schipes fers,sers. Ropes to righte, lynes to leye,lay . . . . . tay. By banke & brymmebi bro bi bankis. to tache & teye, Cables to knytte aboute þe mast, Þe sail on ȝerde þey feste ful fast, Ancres, ores, redy to hande, . Roþeres, helmes, right for to stande, Bowlyne on bouspret to sette &boulyne to set boulyne to. (After they are on board, Wace has "Boe|" lines sachent et halent," ii. 141, l. 11,510, from MS. du Roi, 73, Cangé. hale, Cordes, kyuiles, atached þebordes keuiles atache to. (? kevil: A.-Sax. cæfli, halter, bridle: Som|ner. But kevel, pole, Jamieson, and Atkinson's Cleveland Glossary.) wale; When al was redy in god point, Vnto þe lond þe schipes ioynt; Somme stode in schipe, somme on sand,& som on land. Brygges & plankes þey caste to land,kest to þe sand. Wyþ men & horswith horses. for to charge Cogges, barges, &Galeis cogges. schipes large; Brought yn helmes, hauberks & scheldes, & al þat men yn bataille weldes, Hors in to drawe, hors in to dryue; Men hyed þer-after yn ful blyue. When alle were inne,MS. inme. and mad al ȝare, & þey on þer wey[e] schuld[e] fare, To þeym o land þey preieden eftspak to eft. To grete þer frendes þat þey had& praied þam grete þer frendes. lefte: On boþe parties was heuy chere [Whan frendes departed leue & dere.]From the Petyt MS. Left out in the Lambeth. ¶ When alle were ynne, & were o flote, Mariners dighte þem to note, Þer takel for to rightedight. & taille, By þe wynd wel for to saylle; Ancres o bord, sayl drowen heye,ankers vpwond saile drouh hie. Þe wynd blew wel, þer schipe gon fleye, & þe mariners þat weren sleye,þo maistres þat were slie. Ilkon dide þer maistrie: Somme aforced þe wyndas, Somme þe loof, somme þe bytas;som þe lofe som þe betas. ("betas," mot espagnol qui signifie les manœuvres (cordes): De Lincy, on the authority of M. Jal, historiographe de la Marine, Wace, i. 141, note. But?) Þe mayster mariner wasmaryners stode. byhynde, Þe schip to stere byto. þe wynde. 7(Queynte he was, & right hardy, . & engynous man & sley, Þat first fond schip on se to fare, & turnde wyþ þe wynd þer he nyste whare, Lond to seke þat he saw nought, Ne whiderward he schulde be brought.)77-7 Not in P., though in Wace. (Cp. Horace, Odes, I. iii. l. 9.) ¶ De Sompno Arthury. Sire Arthur hadde weder at wille, Saflyk he seyled, wythouten ylle; Hys folk was ioiful & gl[a]dly let, ffor þeire pathe fare to Bareflet.þei red þam right to barbflete. Atte midnyght men gaf god kep, Arthur fel on slomber & slep; In his slepyng als he ganslepe as he gon. lye, Hym þoughte he sey a Bere flye An hugely gret, a lothly best,a long & an vgly beste. & fley faste towardesflouh fast towàrd. þe est. O þat oþer syde a Dragon vp stey; In to þe west hym þoughte he fley;it flegh. Of his mouþ a flaume cam out, Þe lond, þe water, schon al about. Þe bere assailled þe dragoun, & he defended hym as a lyoun; Wonderly ilk oþer gan assaille, & strong was þanne þer bataille;ll. 12,113-12,114. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. Scharply þer ilk oþer smot, . Bitterly boþe þey blewe & bot. Þe dragon was swyft, & sleylysuyftly. (Wace has for the three lines before, only "Mais li dragons "l'ours enversoit," ii. 143, l. 12,540.) swypte, Þe bere in his clawes he clypte, & þriste hym so þat he to-barst,to braste. & doun vnto þe erþe hym cast. Arthur of his slepyng wok, Gret tent of his drem he tok; He askede clerkes setesat. hym aboute, Wheþer hit mente drede or doute: " Y wolde wyte what hit woldewild wit what it mot. mene, " & wheþer hit tokned ioye or tene, " & wheþer hit was help or dere, . " Þat þe dragoun slow þe bere." ¶ Interpretacio Sompny Arthury. Somme þer were þus hit descried, ' Hym self þe dragon signefied, ' & þe bere som geaunt . 'Þat he schuld makeHe suld him mak. recreaunt, ' ffro fer schold come, & do gret wo, ' & þorow force he schulde hym slo.' Somme oþer weys gan hit rede, But alle þey seyde he schulde wel spede; Þen seide hym self, "y trowe hit menes " Þis werre, & manye oþer tenes " Bytwyxt me & þe Emperour. " Let God al worthe, my creatour!" ¶ At þat word þe day gan sprynge, Þe sonne ros faire y þe mornynge, & at þe sonne rysyng in god tyme Þey come to Bareflete er pryme. ffroof. schip to londe ful sone þey ȝede, & in þe contre aboute gon sprede; He seide he wolde his folk abyde, Þo þat were nought comenot comen. þat tyde. Longe whilelong stounde. dwelled he nought, Þat tydynges men hymtiþinges men to him. brought, Þat þider was comen a geaunt, & longe þer hadde ben his haunt; Out of Spayne was he comen,MS. comem. & [had]had. Sire Oheles nece y-nomen; Mayde Eleyne was hure name, He had hure taken to do hure schame, & had hure brought vnto an hil, Þat non ne myghte ne durstedar. com til.— Micheles Mount men callescall. hit now, . Þere þe geaunt Eleyne slow; Was þer non auter nealtere no. (mostier ne, Wace, ii. 145, l, 11,575. no chapel Þat ilke tyme þat þis chaunce fel; Aboute þat hil þe water flowes, . Comeþ þer non þat he ne rowes.— Þerit. was non þat hadde þat myght Þat wyþ þe geaunt durst ones fight; Somme þer were vmwhile wylde fonde,wold som tyme fond. & hym assailled by water & londe, But he gaf nought of þeirMS. his. P. þer. assaut, ffor þey fulle euere in þeirfell in all. defaut; ffor grete roches at þem he cast, & þer schipes to-rof & brast. Many were drenkled, fele were slayn, Þo þat ascaped, hit was wyþ payn; Þer-fore þe contre was ner al fled, Þeir wonyng fursoke, þeir godes led, & lefte þat lond wast & wylde, ffor man or best, wyf or childe. Þe geauntes name was Dynabrok, . A gryslygrimly. man was on to loke. ¶ De Gygante Dynabroke. When Arthur hadde herd þe pleynt, How wyþ þe geaunt þe folk was teynt, He calde sire Caye & Beduer,The three next lines are in De Lincy's MS. of Wace, though turned out by him in favour of another MS., vol. ii. p. 146, noteMS. his. P. þer.. & ilk of þeym tok a squyer; Armure dide þey wiþ hem lede, & ilk of þeym tok hym a stede. He nolde schewe hit to namo . Þat he woldesuld. to þe geaunt go; ȝyf alle had wyst he wente so one, Þe ost had ben abaischt ilkone; He tristed wel intrasted wele on. Godes grace Þat he durste hym schewe his face, & on his greteowen. vaillauntise Arþat. he durst take þat emprise. Al þat ilke night þey ryden, Þat þey no wharneuer. stynte ne biden, Til hit was y þe morn[e] tyde Þat þey seye wel þere bysyde A bot standynge at a stage; Þen hoped þey þere was þe passage. Two hilles wyþynne þe water wore, Þat on was lasse, þat oþer more; O þe more hil þer was a fyr, ffro ferre þey sey hit brenne schir; 2Þe lasse hil was nought so drey ffro þe more, but euene ney; An oþer fir was on þat hil;22-2 a noþer fire was on þe lesse hill. Þer-fore Arthur was al wylall will. On whilk hil þe geaunt was, Ne non couþe kenne hym þe righte pas. Þen bad he sire Beduer "go " To serche þe hilles to & fro; " & when þou wost þe certeyn, " Hye þe þanne to me a-geyn." Þenne Beduer dide hym in þe bot, & on þe nexte hil he smot. Beduer stod,smote. & hym auysed Whider-ward þe weyes wysed; Þe nexte wey he tok vp hey, & als he wente he herde a cry; Gret pleynte he herde on make; A party gan his herte quake; He wende hit hadde þe geaunt ben, . Þat his comyng had wist or sen; He drow hys swerd al so smert, & gadered hardinesse of hert, & þought þat ȝyf he wyþ hym mette, Wyþ hym to fighte he wolde nought lette. But al þat þenkyng was inbot. vayn, ffor on þe hil aboue þe playn He fond a fir brennyng an hy,brennand hie. & a toumbe newe þer-by; Als he bar his swerd in hande, By þe toumbe he sey on sittande, A womman, ner al naked, Aboute hure hed hure her to-schaked;hir haire schaked. Biside þe toumbe þis womman lay, & often cried "wey la way!" & mente þe vilenye & þe peyne, & seide, "alas for þe, Eleyne!" ¶ De Tumba Elene, & de nutrice eius. Beduer sey þe toumbe was newe, & of hure deol his herte gan rewe. Whan scheo perceyued sire Beduer, Scheo saide, "cheytyf, what wiltowcaitife what dos þou. her? " Som synne haþ þe hyder y-brought, " Þat þy deþ her hastowdede here has. sought; " Þis day ys þe schape to deye, " ȝyf þe geaunt þe se wyþ eye. " Þis ilke hil swyþe þou weyue, " So þat he þe nought perceyue." " ¶ Wyf," he seide, "forpar. charite, " Let þy gretyng, & spek wyþ me, " & sey me what þou art, & why " Þou wepest here so delfully, " & ho ys leyd here on þis graue; " & sey me soþ, so Godcriste. þe saue!" ¶ " I am," scheo seyde, " a wo-bygon," " An helples þyng, a waryed on, " & grete for a maydensI grete for mayden. myshap sen." Þat whilom y norisched at my pap, " & souke y gaf hure of my brest;3_3 at souke .I. gaf hir of my pap. I. norissched hir of my breste. " & þis ys hure toumbeOne stroke too many for um in the MS. þat þou sest; " Eleyne scheo highte, Oheles nece, . " Of flesche was non so fair a pece. " To norische sche was me taught,to me scho was bitauht. " Alas þe while y euere hure aught! " So cam þis fend to þys contre, " & tok boþe Eleynehir. & me, " & broughte vs here vnto þis hyl, " So þat noman dar come vs tyl. " Eleyne he wolde haue furlayn, " But sche ne myghte nought wyþ þat payn; " He was so huge,grete. ouer mesure, " & scheo so ȝong, þat myght nought dure. " Þorow gret destresse hire herte brast, " In his armes scheo ȝald þe gast, " & yn þys toumbe y haue hure leyd; " & þus hit wasso it is. als y haue seid." ¶ Þen seid he, " wherto dwellest þou here, " Syþensen. sche ys ded þat was þe dere?" " Sire," scheo seyde, " y wil þe telle " ȝif þou durstestdurste. so longe dwelle. " Sire, for y þe se of body auenaunt, " & gentil man by [þi]be þi. semblaunt, " When y sey Eleyne so schamely deye, " My wit was lorn, & al a-weye; " Wyþ force he dide me leue stille, " His lecherie in me to fulfille. " On God hym selue y take witnes, " Þat al maugre myn hit es! " & ilka tyme þat y him se, . " Y wilde be sonken, for y ne may fle; " & y trowe he comeþ righthope [expect] he comes. sone, " His lecherie wyþ me to done. " Y telle þe ded, ȝyf þou here bydes, . " No þyng ne saueþ þe, ne hides; " Swyþe þou fle, y gyue þe red, " Y wolde nought þou were sowild not se þat þou were. ded. " ȝonder ys he, y schal þe kenne, " On ȝone hil þer þou sest brenne; " Sone to come his tyme schal be, " Þer-fore, sire knyght, y rede þou fle, " & let me haue my self my sorewe, " My wille ys to be dedto die. to morewe." Of hure wo sore hym ouer þought;forþouht. But he ne wiste what hure dought, Ne to makene he to mak. long dwellyng. He turned ageyn vnto þe kynge; & als scheo seide, so he hym tolde, How Eleyne deyde, & scheo in holde, & he scholde fynde þe geaunt Y þe more hil, þer was his haunt; " Out of þat stede þe smoke camcomes. fro, " We may hym fynde ȝif þat we go." ¶ ffor Eleyne had Arthur sorewe ynow, & abod til þe flod wyþ-drow.widrouh. Vntilvnto. þe ebbe a stounde þey bod, Wiþ þer hors þen ouer þey rod, & wenten bote a softeschorte. pas Tyl þei perceiued wher heMS. scheo. P. he. was. Þeir stedes & þer palfreys Þeir squiers helde, wiþ oþer harneys; But sire Beduer & sire Kay ȝede wiþ Arthur vp þe way. Arthur seide, "y wil proue my might, " Wiþ þe geaunt alone to fight; " Hold ȝow here byhynde a lyte; " Alone on hym wil y first smite; " Whiletill. y may my selue saue, " Oþer help wil y non haue; " Me þynkeþ hit were no vasselage, " Þre til on; hit were outrage! " Nere þe les, ȝyf þat ȝe se nede, " Bettere ys help þan ouer drede; " ffor men seye, 'hit ys folyeP. leaves out this line. . " ' In strengthe to mikel for to affye.' "P. leaves out this line. Þey seide, 'for prowesse ne for ȝelp, ' ȝyf hit were ned, þey wolde hym help.' ¶ De Occisione Gygantis Dynabrok per Arthurum. Arthur alone þe hil he tokPuis ont tot trois le mont puié, Wace, ii. 152, l. 11,867. . Vnto þe geaunt Dynabrok. By a mykel fir he sat, Rostyng a swyn gret && roste suynes flesch full. fat, & oþer flesche biside was sode;som rosted & som was sothen. His bryn,les guernons (moustaches), Wace, ii. 153, l. 11,872. his berd, þer-wiþ al lothen,his bryne his berde þer with was broþen. & al to-soilledto solied. wyþ þe spyk: I trowe þat syght was ful loþlyk; But Arthur þoughte to haue þe grace to smyte er he tokcome or he toke. his mace. When þe geaunt of hym was war, fferly he hadde how he cam þar, & stirte vp þenne al o glyft/, His grete mace& toke his mace vp. for to lyft; But Arthur auised hym wel ynow; Als he hys mace vpward drow, Arthur bar on hym wyþ his launce . To combren hym, als of chaunce; Longe þey foughte, a wel god while, But Arthur couþe mykel of gyle; Nere sleighte & queyntise hadde ben, & gile,P. leaves out this line. . Somme had be combred þer in a whyle;P. leaves out this line. ffor kyng Arthur neuere er wasP. leaves out this line. Bystad in so hard a cas.P. leaves out this line. Dynabrok a-geyn hym stod . Wyþ his mace, as geaunt wod, ffor þre men, wyþoute þe forþe, Schuld nought haue stired his mace fromsuld not lifte it fro þe. erþe; He sey wel how he made his mynt, & wiþ his mace he teysedteysed, poised; cp. teyse & tais|and, Sevyn Sages, 1978, in Halliwell. his dynt; He wiste þe strok schulde be gret; Vnder his scheld al he schet, & ageyn hisþe. strok hit held. Þen smot þe geaunt on his scheld, & wyþ þat dynt soso was þe dynt. heuy & stronge Þe hilles alle aboute ronge, & al þat was þer-inne, hit schokP. leaves out this line. . When Arthur þat dynt so huge tok.P. leaves out this line. Arthur was stoneyd, stakered, & stynt, But ȝut fel he nought for þat dynt. Anoþer strok wold he nought byde, . But peynedetild. hym to smyte a syde Wyþ his swerd Caliborne; Scharply he gan hym torne; Þat swerd he lifte wel on hey, . & valede his scheldhis schelde he auailed (lowered). a party; Endlong& o long. his forehed he hym smot, Þe swerd bot wel, & he was hot, & entamed boþe his brynLes deus sorcils li entama, Wace, ii. 154, l. 11,896. Þat al þe skyn heng ouer hys eyn. Wyþ þat strok he hadde ben slayn: His mace he held wel þer a-gayn, & his heued a party glent, Þat som of þe strok hit hent; Netheles, wel was hit set; Þe blod al ouer his eyen hit schet;his Ine get. Þen lost he þer al his sight, Þen waxwas. he woder for to fyght, Þen was he woder þen he was or,P. leaves out this line. ffightyng als a wylde bor,P. leaves out this line. Þe same weys so dide he;P. leaves out this line. When he sey þat he myghte nought se,etild. He ne lefte for swerd ne oþer hirt Þat he vntil Arthur stirt; Aboute his middel his armes he leyd, & on Arthur so sore he breyd,sare he braid. On heighte he lifte hym four fet; & als he þere hym doun let, Vpon his knes he hym kast. Þen Arthur proued his force fast, Our lady hym halp, his wille was god, Wyþ force he ros, & he vp stod; & Arthur was algate queynte, & his wille was neuere feynte; On þat syde he bar his scheld, & þe geaunt nought neþe Geaunt nouht he ne. held, Wyþ þat he wroþ,wroþe (writhed). & turnde his syde, & dide his armesarmure. opene wyde. When he hym self was fro hym broken, & þat his body was nought loken,not stoken. fful lyght hym þoughte þat he was oute;P. leaves out this line. Wiþ Caliborne þen ran he aboute,P. leaves out this line. And euere on þe geaunton þe Geaunt with his suerd he. smot, & Caliborne sore vpon hym bot. Þe geaunt glente hider & tyder,þider & þidere. Þe blod so blent hym, he nyst whider; He groped aboute hym for tograpte about if he mot. hent, & Arthur aboute hym euere went/, & smot hym sore woundeswith wondes. fele, . Nought of hym ne wolde he spele;spele = spare. & at a turn þe geaunt stynt/, Arthur gaf hym so gret a dynt 11O þe hed, þat in to þe nekke hit dref, & in to þe schuldres þe panne he clef;1111-11 þan doun in to þe hede it drafe. þe panne in to þe schuldres klafe. ȝyt he after Arthur raught,— Arthur wyþ-drow& Arthur drouh. his swerd a draught,— Þat he stombled, & gaf a cry,P. leaves out this line. A dredful & a loþly;P. leaves out this line. When he fel, he gaf a lasche As wyþ a blast had falle an asche; & for þat fal Arthur low, He was venged hym þoughtevenged wele. y-now; ffro ferre he stod, & loked on hym,P. leaves out this line. & seyde he was a geaunt grym;P. leaves out this line. He bad Beduer he schulde go To smyte þe heued þe body fro, & bytakebitech. hit a squier To schewe hit al þe host plener. ¶ Hic narrauit Arthurus Beduero & Kayo de gigante Rytone. Þen telde Arthur to Beduer &He teld Beduer & sir. Kay, Þat he nadde neuere suche affray, Of no geaunt but of on, & þat geaunt highte Ryton;

P. has for the next two lines,—

he did mykell wonder & wo. & many kynges did he slo. & all þer berdes he did of flo. a pane he mad of alle þo.

 fful manye kynges had he don slo, & flow þe berdes of alle þo; Til a pane, as a furour,And as a forrour. he did hem tewe: Loke ȝif Ryton were noughtse how Riton was. a schrewe! Þat geaunt Riton sende his sonde Til Arthur fro fernefer. londe, & seide he scholde make hym a-ferd But he flowe of his owenawen. berd, & sent hit hym vntil his pane, . To menske hit þer hit was wane; & ȝyf he sent hit hym bleþely, He schulde set hit most worschipfuly,suld do it most curteisy. ffor he wolde vrle his pane wyþ-al . Aboute wiþ a ffylet smal; And ȝyf Arthur wylde nought Do als Ryton hym bisought, Greyþe hym as sone asRedy him sone als. he myght, ffor Ryton wolde wyþ hym fight; & whilk of þem might oþer slo, His berd he scholde don of flo, & haue þe pane ilka del, Þer-wyþ aboute vrle hit wel. Arthur þen til Ryton went, In bataille he slow hymbataile slouh Riton. & schent, & wan þe pane & his berd; O þe mount Deranede Rame. (Et mont de Rave, MS. du Roi, 73, Cangé; d'Artane MS. de l'Ars., 171. B.-L.; Wace, ii. 158, note (a).) he was conquerd. Siþen fond Arthur neuere non But Dynabrok, as was Ryton, Þat neuere dide til hym in dede, Þat he had of so mykel drede. Þer þey hym slowe, þer þey hym leued, & Beduer tok a squier þe heued, To bere & schewe þe host aboute, Wher þat þey were, & in what doute. Sire Ohel ful sore bymentit ment. Þat his nece was so schent; A fair chapel for hure dide make, Of oure lady, for EleynesHeleyn. sake. Siþensen. þat tyme scheo was þer leyd, ffor Eleyne,Heleyn. 'EleynesHeleyn. toumbe' ys seid; & so men han cald hit ayP. leaves out this line. ' Eleynes toumbe' vnto þys day.P. leaves out this line. When þe host was al comen & ȝare, Þo þat scholde wiþ Arthur fare, No þrowewhile. wolde he þare lye, But passed sone al Normandie. His folk waxflok wex. wher-so he cam, Þe doughtiest wyþ hym he nam, Out of castel & of cite, & passed Burgoyne, al þat contre; Vntil Hostum,Ostun [Autun], Wace, ii. 160, 12,020. þyder he þought; & þennes tidynges men hymþien tiþinges till him men. brought, Þat þey of Rome com wyþ gret route, & tok þe contre al aboute. ¶ Al asMS. Alas. P. has Als. Arthur schulde a water passe— Albe,Aube, Wace, ii. 160, l. 12,027. hit seis þe name wasse— Al day til Arthur men tolde, Wiþ passand menLi païsant, Wace, l. 12,028. & spies bolde, Þat þe Emperour was þere bysyde; To conseille what best myghte bytide,him how best mot tide. His pauilons, his penceles, þykke Nought fer fro þenne had þey don wyk:fer þien had þei doun pikke. (A.-Sax., wician, to encamp.) " Þer are so manye ofso many. Romayns, " & þyn host may nought& þou has non oste. þeym ageyns. " ffoure haþ he agaynsere agayn. on of þyne; " & ȝif ȝe assemble, þouMS. þiu or þin. mostIf bataile go þou sall. tyne." Arthur seide, "Godes help ys ney! " He wot ho schal haue þe maistri." He left nought for no manace; Vpon AlbeAube, Wace, l. 12,041. in a strong place A castel he dide reyse & set, ȝyf he had nede to take recet;him were nede to haf resette. Smertly to make þei were al bonP. leaves out this line. Wyþ folk ynow, & sone had don.P. leaves out this line. When al was ended þe gretevp in þe. tour, He leyde inHe did. his harneys & his tresour, ȝyf chaunce come þei moste wyþdrawecom þat him bord fle. To rest hem þere a litel þrawe.þer in tuo daies or þre. (R. Manning follows the Arsenal MS. of Wace (ii. 161, note (c)) in the last four lines. ¶ Arthurus misit nuncios ad Inperatorem. When þe castel was al dight, & defensable for kyng & knyght, He ordeynd messegerssent messengers. to wende, . To þe Emperour he þoughte to sende, Two erles þat were of noble lynage, & wel spekynge,wele spoken. of god langage: Geryn of Chartres, a man of pris, Wiþ Beofs of Hamptone,Beus of Oxenford. an oþer ful wys; Wiþ þise two wente sire Wawayn, ffor he spak wel þe speche Romayn; ffor he had longe wiþ hem ben,P. leaves out this line. & his connynge þey hadde wel sen;P. leaves out this line. ffor þat skile Arthur hym sent,P. leaves out this line. Þat he wist best what þeir speche ment;P. leaves out this line. & Arthur taughte þem þus to seye, When þey schulde wende þer weye: " Sey þemperour he go to Rome, " & to ffraunce non hender come, " Ne til no landes þat y wan, . " Ne chalange hit as manbe chalenged þorgh no. Romayn; " Þo ar myne; & myne schul be; " Romayn of þeym schal neuere haue fee. " ȝyf he wil nought turne ageyn, " Byd hem abide þestand to. bataille pleyn, " & auenture at allevs all to. chaunce " To dereyne þe ryght of Rome &whilk sall derayne þe Reme of. ffraunce. " As longe as y may ffrauncemay it. saue, " Þe Romayns schul hitfrance sall he neuer. neuere haue. " Wyþ bataille, sey hym, y hit wan, " & schal& so. defend hit fro ilka man. " Wiþ force, þer-of had þey first fee, . " Wyþ force þey les hit a-geyns me; " & now wiþ bataille schal hit besall be. sene " Who schal haue hit quyt & clene." ¶ De nunciis Regis Arthury ad Inperatorem. Þe messegers þat wente þo nedes, Horsed þem on gode stedes: & armed þem at alle rightes, As fel vnto noble knyghtes. Oþer Bretons herd her-of seye, & wente to mete hem bifore& led þam alle þre. on weye, And preied hemà Gauvain, Wace, ii, 162, l. 12,080. hertely for to do Som þyng, or seye þe Romayns to, Þat þe werre myghte algate go Er þey comen þe court fro: " Hit haþ be longeit has bien long. manaced & þret, " But so ney to-gydere were we nere& now so nere togider ere. set; " Schame hit were þat eyþer ȝede " Wiþouten bataille or vaillauntemanly. dede. " ȝyf so bitide ȝeþat. hit bygynne, " ȝyt schul Bretons prowesse wynne; " Þer-to algate dos ȝour trauail,P. leaves out this line. . " & þat we may, we wil ȝow vaille."P. leaves out this line. Þen seide Wawayn, "in alle manere " Of vs schul ȝe som tyding here; " & ȝyf ȝe se þat we ought dwelle, . " Tydyng þer-of men schal telle." ¶ Þe messegers passed a mountayne, & þenne a wode, & syþen a playne; ffroof. þat playne a partye helded, & þer-on were þe Romayns telded; fful semly wyþouten bost Þey come rydyng alridand. þorow þe host. þe Romains on ilka side aboute, Of þer tentes comenþei com. oute Þo messegers to byholde, Þat semed noble bodiesmen. & bolde. Þey asked what tydynges þey brought, Or þider for þe pes þey sought: Wyþ non þey stode, ne tales helde, Tyl þey come to þe Emperours telde. When þey were at his pauyloun, Þere-byfore þey lyghte alle doun, & bitok þeir horsBitauht þer hors. þeir pages, To stande right stille at certeyn stages. ¶ Hic venerunt Nuncii coram Inperatore. By-fore þe Emperour come alle þre, & seide þeir message as men auise, Geryn & Beofsbeus. boþe ful wys; And þe Emperour seide hem his auis, & spak ageyn þeym& teld agayn. boþe fast. But þenne spak Wawayn atte last: " We ar come fro þe kyng Arthour " To þe, sire Lucius, Emperour; " We are his knyghte to lyue & deye; " His message y schal þe holyI sall þe. seye. " Þys ys þe messagegretyng. þat he þe sendes: " He comaundes þe, & defendes, " Þat þou of ffraunce nought entremet, " Ne no fot þideward ferrerþou. set; " ffor Fraunce he holdes as his demeynes,demeyng . . . . . romeyns. " & euere schal, for alle Romeynes.demeyng . . . . . romeyns. " ȝyf þou of hym wilt ought chalenge, " Þorow bataille wil he hym venge. " Þorow bataille first wonne ȝe ffraunce, " & les hit after þorow a chaunce; " A-geyn Arthur ȝe hit les " Þorow bataille, as þe party ches, " & now ys holde as his conqueste,P. leaves out this line. " & schal while þe sonne ryseþ est.P. leaves out this line. " & ȝyf þou sette chalange þer-ynne, . " Þorow bataille byhoueþ þe hit wynne;þorgh þe bihoues it wyn. " Þorow bataille schal hit be dereynt, " Þy chalangyng & al þy pleynt, " & sone assignedset. wyþoute delay, " Com to morn, & profproue. þy day, " & wyn hit ȝyf þou wynne schal! " Or al to lese, or wynnehaf. hit al! " ȝyf þou wilt nought turne a-geyn, " Al þy dwellyng is in veyn, " ffor þou hast lorn, & we haue wonnen,P. leaves out this line. " So ferre we haue þy lond ouer ronnen."P. leaves out this line. ¶ Responcio Lucii Inperatoris. Þenne seyde þemperour to þise þre, " To turne ageyn, hit schal nought be. " ffraunce ys myn, þider wol y go; " ffor ȝif y lese hit, me schal be wo; " & ȝif y ha lore hit.I. haf lorn. at vnskyle, " Y schal hit wynne eft when Godsall wyn it whan grace. wyle." Þus he seide, for wel he wendeP. leaves out this line. Þey hadde no force Fraunce to fende.P. leaves out this line. A knyght þer was, hight Quyntalyn, Syb þemperour, & his cosyn, Contrariously to Wawayn spak, & vyleynlike he gan hym lak:vilensly behynd his bak. " Bretons," he saide, "ar bot auaunturs, " & manace mikel at rebours; " Þer bostful wordes ar nought to seke, " Þer dedes ar nought worþ a leke. " ȝe manace ay 'hit schal ben so;' . " ȝour dedes ar noughte þat ȝe do. " Al day bostfuly ȝe þrete; " Doþ hit in dede! manace ȝedo in dede þe manaee. lete!" Wawayn hym listed, & gram low,listend him Inouh. But smertly out his swerd he drow, & smot his hed of þer al quit, & bad his felawes horse þem tyt, And seyde vnto þe Romaynes alle, . " Bretons schul rise, & ȝe schul falle! " ȝow were wel bettere at Rome burgh,P. leaves out this line. " Þan reyse baner a-geyn Arthurgh!"P. leaves out this line. Þer-wyþ sire Wawayn his hors hent, & homward alle þre þey went. ¶ De probitate nunciorum Arthury.This heading is two lines lower in the MS. Þe knyghtcourte. was frayed, no wonder was, Þe Emperour cried "alas! alas! " Slayn þey haue sire Quyntalyn . " Now right here byfore myn eyn! " ȝyf þey a-scape vs alle fro, " Merueillemervaily. may men telle of þo." Romayns ronne out of pauylons, & hasted fastSuythe. after þe Bretons. Ilkon tok þat þey myght hent, & after þem prykede faste, & went. On þer was þat hadde a stede, Þat byfore alle þe oþere ȝede, & cried ful loude, "abyd! abyd! " ȝyf þou dar, turne, & to me ryd!" Sire Geryn herde what he seyde, & turnde hym, & his spere forþ leyde, & of his gode hors hym cast Als fer as þe spere wold last. Þen seide Geryn als he lay þore, " Þyn hors bar þe ouer fastefer. byfore; " ȝit were þe bettere ha ben at þe ostP. leaves out this line. " Þan fort ha foched þy deþ wyþ bost,P. leaves out this line. " & haue holde þe fer o drey,P. leaves out this line. " ffor now þe ouer-þynkeþ þou come so ney."P. leaves out this line. ¶ Beofsþou gapid. of Oxenforde þen loked bak, & listned how þat Geryn spak, Saw þe Romayn ded þer lay,P. leaves out this line. . & his hors wente forþ o stray;P. leaves out this line. Þen þoughte sire Beofs,Beus. "y am to blame " But y do til anoþer þe same." His hors he turnd þen, and abod, & til anoþer Romayn rod; & wyþ his sperelance. he bar hym yn Þorow-out þe þrote, byneþe þe chyn. Gapyng he lay at erþe algaspand he fell & lay all. streked Als he was wyþ þe launce cheked. Þen seide sire Beofs,Beus. for þat he gaped,þou gapid. " To þe mete fuer sone hymfull sone þou. (De tex morsiax vous sai je pestre, Wace, ii. 168, l. 12,211.) raped, " But ly now stille þer, arlig now still ore þat. þou ete, " & ȝif þy felawes þe ouer gete, 8"Sey, 'þe messegers wente here forþ god spede, " '& wiþ suche musseles he can ȝow fede.' "88-8 to þam may þou þe soþe say. þe messengers went bi þis way. ¶ Þen cam anoþer ride fasteA noþer com ridand fast. byforn, A noble knyght of Rome born,— Marcels, hit seyþ his nameMarcell it sais þat he. hight,— & hadde an hors was ferly lyght;wyght. Of þem alle last horsed he was,P. leaves out this line. & passed þe formest a gret pas;P. leaves out this line. And for gret haste, as of chaunce, He hadde furgete at hom his launce. He sporede his hors, forþ fastewith sporse he smote þe hors. gan schake, Wel wende he Wawayn for to ha take, & seyde, "hit were ful gret ferlikP. leaves out this line. " But he broughte Wawayn to þem al quyk."P. leaves out this line. Wawayn wondred hym fernehed selcouth fer. fro . Þat his hors myght so wel go. ffor Marcel neyghed Wawayn right hende, Wawayn to take ful wel he wende; But his hors com so smertly, & passed Wawayn fast hym by, & als he by Wawayn glent, Wawayn had his swerd out hent, And clef his heued at o dynt, Þorow helm, þat at þe bresteþorgh þe helme to þe sadill. hit stynt; His gode armure auailled nought, Wyþ þat strok towith þe drauht. þe erþe he sought. In his fallynge, seide Wawayn, " Marcel, y rede þou turne a-gayn, " & go to Quyntalyn to helle, " & on myn half þou hym telle, " Þat þe Bretons þat ȝe þus chace, " Wel more con do þanmore do þan þai. manace. 7."Sey Quyntalyn, 'we hym by þe grete, " '& more wol gyue þan we wol hete!' "77-7 & more þai gife þan þei hete. bi þe Marcell Quintelyn .I. grete. Now to-gydere þey gonne þem drawe, & oþer þre þey dide of dawe; Lenger to iuste myght þey nought stande, But þem defended al wyþdrawande.& were fleand. Þe Romayns on alle halue hemilk half þam. went, Wiþ swerd & spere strokes þeysuerdes & lances strokes. lent, But neuere for strok þat þey þer tok,P. leaves out this line. Of stirop ne sadel out ne schok,P. leaves out this line. Ne drowen blod, ne gof þem wounde,P. leaves out this line. Ne stopped þem þer wey no stounde.P. leaves out this line. ¶ Þenne had Marcel a neuew Þat was horsed vntil his prew: In his wey Marcel he fond, Liggyng slayn þerSlayn he lay. on a lond. After þe messegers trauersed [he] þe feld; & Wawayn houed, & byheld Þat he cam so gret a spurne, . He had no leyser his hors to turne Vntil he cam among þem alle, & of his hand his sperelance. let falle, & drow his swerd, scharp to byte:P. transposes these lines. He wende Wawayn wel to smyte;P. transposes these lines. & as he lifte his swerd vp heye, At his hand Wawayn let fleye, & smot of boþe hand & arm, . So þat he dide namore harm. Anoþer strok he scholde haue had, But wiþ þe Romayns þey were ouerstad, So ferly fele after þem schok. But for al hem,þat alle gate. þe wode þey tok, Þat was bitwixt hem & Arthures hold, Þe newe castel y lang er told..I. ore of told. (p. 438, l. 12,521). ¶ Hic misit Arthurus in obuiam sex mille armatos. Arthur our kyng, þat was at home, . Wondred þe messegers nought ne come; Sex þousand sent he for drede, To socoure þeym ȝyf þey had nede. Þey come & passed to þe wodes side, & þere wyþstodestode. for to abyde. After þer messegers þey gaf þer tent, ȝyf þey of hem had any glent; Þey seye gret folk in partyes sprede, Þat folewede þre þat to þe wode ȝede. Þen perceyued knyghtes & squiers Þat þo þre were messegers Þat þey come fore, & after sought. . Pryuely þey stode, auised þer þought, Siþen þey gaue a cri ful gret, At ones vpon þe Romayns þei schet, Al vnwarned in þer vys. Þenne sprad þe Romayns in partis; Somme þat fledde were ouer-taken, & somme prisoned, & haldenprisonde holden. waken, Somme slayn & beten doun, . fful fewe were leten to full was giffen for.raunsoun; Wiþ mikel wo any ascaped,P. leaves out this line. Þat he ne was fruscht & al to-fraped.P. leaves out this line. ¶ Petreus, Romanorum tribunus. A noble man was þere of Rome, Of alle þer knyghtes he bar þe blome, PetreusPeredur, MS. du Roi, 27; Pet|reius, MS. du Roi. 73, Cangé; Wace, ii. 172, l. 12,310, and note. his name hight, A worthi man, & mykel of myght; What for his prowessefor richesse. & god knyght, Ten þousand men he ladde in fyght.had þorh right. He herde of þe Bretons assaut, & how þer men were att defaut; " Smertly wyþ ten þousand scheldes " To sokere hem go we tosocoured þer men in. þe feldes." Wyþ þo ten þousand þat he brought, Vpon þe Bretons harde he sought, Þat maugre þeires he dide þem go In to þe wode þer þey come fro; O þe playne myghte þey holde no place,P. leaves out this line. Þat to þe wode he gan þem chace;P. leaves out this line. & when þey were in wode teld, Ageyn Petron þer owen þey held. Petrens often on þem gan pres,presse . . . . . lesse. But mikel of his folk he les,presse . . . . . lesse. ffor þe Bretons stirt out & slow, . & eft in to þe wode þem drow; By þe wodes side in a buschbrusse. Was many a stour & many a frusch.many fight & many frusse. ¶ Iterum misit Arthurus quinque mille armatos. Arthur merueilled ferly strong Þat þe messegers dwelled so long, & what þem letted, & þorow wham,or for whome. Þat þe sex þousand hom ne cam.home ne come. Þen cald he swyþehe cald Nu sonne. (Ider le fil Nut apela, Wace, ii. 173, l. 12,336.) sire Ider Þat was a doughti bacheler: " Tak fyf þousand,Set mil, Wace, l. 12,337. & smartly fare, " Þe sex þousand sekeþ, wher þey are." Sire Ider dide as Arthur bad, . & for his wendyng fele were glad. Als Ider & his folk forþ ferde, Gret noise vnder a wode þey herde; Þey hied þem þanne, & wel go[d]a full gode. pas, . Þey dredde þem sore of som mys cas.dred sore þer was som kas. Þen say Ider þat sire Wawayn & Geryn, & Beof,beus. foughte oþer a-geyn. In to þe most pres Ider þen sprong, & gaf a cri, þe wode al rong. Þanne were þe Bretons alle abouen, Þe Romayns route bakward schouen: When Ider had met wyþ þe Romains route, . Of dynt ne deþno dede. had he no doute; Lytel þey þoughte hem self to saue,P. leaves out this line. So fayn þey wolde þe werre haue;P. leaves out this line. Þe Romayns þey ouer ryden & ronne, & þer gode stedes wonne; & þe Romayns atter powerP. leaves out this line. Stryken & stoden ageyns Ider;P. leaves out this line. Manye were on boþe partys Slayn þer for to wynne pris. Petreus, he þat y of tolde, þe noble Romayn fers &riche romeyn & so. bolde, He mayntende þerwas mayntenure. bataille, & sette his folk wyslyhis folk he set right. to assaille; Wel couþe he stande, wel couþe he scurne,P. leaves out this line. & faire wyþdrawe hym, & eft returne.P. leaves out this line. Bytwyxt þemwith him & þam. were many chaces, ffele turnynges & fele wanlaces: Þat hardy was, he fond hardy; Who so couþe iuste, he fond redy; Þat wel couþe fighte, þer fond his fere;P. leaves out this line. . Þat nought ne couþe, þer myght he lere.P. leaves out this line. Al þe Bretons, oft astray þey rod, Non held to-gydere, ne oþer abod. 1ffor prowesse þat þey ȝernde al day, Þer-fore þey nere of non array; Þey nadde warde how þat þey ȝede, But þat prowesse wer do of armes dede.1

1-1 For these four lines P. has four at the bottom of the page in a fresh hand (or with a fresh pen), and then two over leaf in the same hand and with the old pen:—

& to do som dede þat day. þerfor þe rode on þat aray. þei ne rouht how þei ȝede. bot þat þei did of armes dede. to do som þei ȝerned all day. þerfor þei rode at non aray.

 ¶ Petreus bygan auise hymwas auised. more, Hys beste men a-boute hym wore, He couþe in werre wel stonde in stour, & at his nede geteat nede seke. hym socour; fful wel he halp þere help failled,P. leaves out this line. & wel hym rescowed when he was sailled;P. leaves out this line. God tent tilon. al his men he tok, When þey astraied, whidewardwhere þei straied whidire. þey schok, & alle relyed þem wel ageyn, . Þat ilkon wyste his certeyn. BeofsBeus. of Oxenforde perceiued wel Þe comynges of Petron ilka del, Þat wyþoute los scholdlosse suld. þey nought go But ȝyf þey mighte Petron slo,— Sle, or take in pleyn[e] feld,— ffor his confort þe RomaynsMS. Bretons. P. comyng þe romeyns. vp held. Hider & þider þe Bretons went, Al out of array, & were ney schent. Þe beste baronsbretons. of þem alle, BeofsBeus. to consail gon þey[m]See l. 12,896. P. gon þam. calle: ¶ "Lordes," he seyde, "spekeþ wyþ me, " Þo þat til Arthur wol leaute. " Bygonne we haue a cuntek, " But Arthur wot nought of þis chek; " Wyþoute his wityng is þis tyrpeyl, . " Þer-fore y cald ȝow to conseil; " ȝyf hit falle wel, wel schal vs be; " ȝyf hit ne do, we gete maugre. " But ȝyf we in þys firste stourbetween lines 12,899 and 13,000, a hundred line numbers were, by oversight, left out. " Haue þe pris,haf þe gre. & bere þe flour, " I telle vs schent, ilka man, " & mikel maugre þat we hit gan.we it began. " Hit was ȝour conseil as wel as oures, . " ȝe preied vs to bygynne þyse stoures: " Þe bettere þer-fore peyne ȝow to do " Þyng þat y schal conseille to; " ffonde we now euer-ilkon " ffort acombre þylkefor to slo ȝon ilk. Petron; " Quik or ded, vs bosbus. hym haue, " ȝyf [we] þisIf we to. day our folk schul saue; " & elles schul we nere gon heþen, " Þat we ne schul mylsall mykell. be byneþen. " Þer-for, lordynges, alle to-gyder " ffolewes whar y turne, or whider, " & helpeþ wel when ȝe se nede: . " ȝyf we gete hym, ful wel we spede." Alle þey seide, "what so bitydes, " We schul þe folewe whersall ride þat way. þou rydes; " Go we þanne, þat God vs a-vaille,P. leaves out this line. . " So þat we of hym ne faille."P. leaves out this line. BeofsBeus. aspied & saw hymfull. sone: " I se Petron! make ȝow al bone!" BeofsBeus. smot þe hors wyþ þe spores, & þey after, ouer feld & fores;fors (? not A.-Sax. for, way; but fur, furh, E.-Engl. fore, furrow: Stratmann's Diet., p. 228). Wilde he nere stynte ne ses Vntil he cam in to alle þe pres Þer Petron was, & til hym rod, . Hors til hors þat þey bistrod; Til hym ful faste BeofsBeus till him fast was. allied, & on hys felawes wel hym affied. ¶ BeofBeus. by þe nekke Petron hent, & doun til erthe boþe þey went; BeofBeus. fel doun al by hys wylle, & held Petron al ston[e]stone. stille; BeofBeus. dide þere a ful gret wyle, . & putte hym self in gret perile. Beofs held sore, & Petron drow;P. leaves out this line. Petron had go, nad Beofs be tow.wild go but Beus was touh. Þe Romayns Petron wilde rescouse,rescouh. 8But Bretons a-geyn þem faste gan brouse, Wyþ scharpe speres to-gidere sett,88-8 þe bretons ageyn þam fast sette. & al to-frusched þat þey wiþwith scharp lances togider mette. mett: The Petyt MS. leaves out the lines from here to l. 13,058; and then puts lines 13,061-62, before lines 13,059-60.When speres myghte namore serue, Þer swerdes drowe, ful faste to kerue; Wyþ hardy herte ilk oþer on hew, In armes hente, of sadeles þrew, Helmes bowed, & þorow were steke, Scheldes clef, & swerdes breke, Hauberks ryuen & al fur-mailled, Stedes slayn, stumbled & failled, Men were slayn, & feld to grounde, . & manye cast þat hadde no wounde; So þykke þey were to-gydere in þrong, Ilk oþer wroþ, ilk oþer swong, & ilk oþer of sadeles wrast, . & vnder ho[r]se fet wer cast; Non knew oþer, þey were so ney, But by þer speche or by þer cry: Bretons cried "P. inserts þe here.kyng Arthour," & Romayns, "LuciusP. inserts þe here. Emperour." Þe Bretons faste on þem abated, & þe Romayns ful sore þem hated; Þer couþe non knoweNon kouth knaw. for certeyn . Whilk was Breton, whilk was Romeyn, But by þer speche þat þey spak, Or any out of þe pres oughtony out of þe pres. brak. ffayn wolde Wawayn Petron haue, . & BeofsBeus. wold þey al-gate saue; He brak in to þetuo þer. mykel pres, To smyte sore wold he nought ses; On alle sides he smot aboute,P. leaves out this line. & made þeym rounnfor roume; or roum, room, space. þorow-out þe route;P. leaves out this line. Was þer non stod in his weye,P. leaves out this line. Þat his dynt ne dide hym deye.P. leaves out this line. Sire Ider on þat oþeron þe toþer side. syde, ffor Geryn durste no Romayn byde;& Gerin durst non abide. Ilk on for oþer bolded here hert, & smyten strokes so grete && þer strokes were so. smert Þat no Romayn durst bide þer dynt, . But fer on bak dide þem stynt; Þen was Petron alle a-glyft. Þe Bretons vp sire Beofsvp Beus. lyft, & horsed hym ful wel a-geyn, & toke Petron, þe maister Romayn; Þorow al þe pres þey hym led,P. transposes this with the following line. & wiþ hym vntil wode þey fled,P. transposes this with the preceding line. & dide hym þer he mighte be syker, & eft al newe bygonne tonew bigan þe. byker. But þen had þey no gouernour Þat couþe meyntene þem in stour,Vassalacio Brytonum. Namore þan schip or bargeþe schip. can, Þere hym wanteþ a steresþore it failes steris. man. ¶ Þenne broched þe Bretons among þem alle, Man & horsmany hors. þey dide doun falle; Þat were fallen, þey ouer schok; & þo þat fledde,þe fleand. þey ouer-tok; Somme þey slowe, & somme þey held, & somme þey spoyledspoiled. y þe feld; Al were slayn þe moste frape,maste frap. . ffayn wer þey þat myghte a-scape.fo þei were þat myght it scap. Þen turnde a-geyn alle þe Bretons, & come to wode to þer prisons, & ledlaid. þem alle wiþ sire Petron, & presented Arthur wiþ ilkon. Þen þanked he his messegers, & alle þe oþere þat were þer pers, & seide hem, "ȝyf hit may be wonne,if it be wonnen. " Þe game þat we haue by-gonne,þe werre þat was begonnen. " He woldesuld. amende þer rente & fe, " ȝyf þat tyme myghte bitide ormot tide. be." ¶ De Romanis incarceratis. Þe kyng dide his prisons loke Wiþ wardeyns þat hem vndertoke. Þen seide men of conseil wys, ' Best was to send hem toHe suld þam send vnto. Parys 'Wiþ men of armes þat scholdearmes suld. þem lede; ' To hold hem in court hit were drede.' Þen was ordeyned wyþ hem schold go— ffor rescourswaityng (watching). & for takyng fro— Cador, Borel, & Erl Richer, & sire Beduer his boteler: Noble of blod were alle þyse, & in þe mornynge schuld þey ryse, To conueye hem& conueie. þe passages alle, þer most deseite & drede myght falle. & when þey were passed ylkone, Let oþer mener wiþ hem forþ gone.þe mene folk suld þan all one. ¶ Nunciatum est hic Inperatory hoc Infortunium. Þe Emperours hadde ful godeEmperour had his. spies . Þat hadde knowynge onhad knowyng of. boþe parties: Þey come & teld hym oþe eue byfornhim beforn. ' Þat þe prisons erlikarly. at morn ' Vntil Paris schuld ben led; . 'To holde þem þare þey are a-dred.' Þen bad þemperour take ten þousand, To go þat nyght fer byfore hand, Rescours of þeym ȝyf þey might make, & þe prisons fro þem take. Þyse were þo þe Emperour sent, Þat on þe nyght byfore went: Sertorius, of Lybye kyng & sire, Sire Ewander þe kyng of Syrie,Cire. Carice,Caritius, Wace, ii. 181, l. 12,516. Catel, & sire Wylters, Þyse were of Rome, kynges pers, Þise were chosen by somouns To make rescours of þe prisouns; & þey toke þe wey at euen late, & passed bifore our men þe gate; & when þey in þat weye cam Þat right forth to Parys nam, In þat weye gan þey reste, & priuely enbusched þer þey sey beste.bussed þer þei sauh best. ¶ Exe pungna inter Brytones & Romanos qui de nocte eos precesserunt. Als þey were buschedbussed. redy to byker, Come Arthures men, wend haue behaf bien. siker; Natheles, ȝit hadde þey doute, Þer-fore þey dide sondre þer route: Sire Borel & Erl Cadore, Wyþ þer folk riden byfore; Sire Beduer & þe Erl Richer, Þyse were þe prisons ner; Wyþ hem come men fif hundred,sis cent, Wace, ii. l. 12,542. Þat fro þe prisons were nought sundred. On Borel & Cador þat formest went, Þe Romayns a-sidesideslepis. on hem glent, & ffelonly on þem gan strike, & þey defended hem doughtilyke. Sire Richer saw, & Beduer herde, Þat þer enemis þer weyesþat wikked men þe way. sperde, & wyþ þer felawes faste gon fight,— . Armed men wiþ swerdes bryght;— Þey dide þerhe did. prisons þer wyþstande, Þe mene men toke þem on hande, In sikersaufe. stede wiþ hem to byde Til more sykernesse myghte bityde. Wiþ hastespors. ilk man tok his stede To helpe þer felawes in þer nede; Þenne by-gonne Bretons to bolden, . & here partie wel vp holden. Þe Romayns ronne a-mong þe Bretons To seke after þer prisons; Þe Bretons to slo, tentetentid. þey nought, But hider & þyderhere & þare. þe prisons sought; & while þey ȝede aboute to seke, Þey ne spedde nought worþ a leke, ffor mykel of þer folk þey les Als þey soughten in þe pres.sought about with res. Þe Bretons hollyk to-gyder riden, At þeir assautes to-gydere byden, To-gyder wente, to-gydere camen,P. leaves out this line. . In alle stedes were þey samen;P. leaves out this line. ffor þey to-gydere so wel held, Þey slowe þe Romay[n]s doun inlay many romayn in þe. feld; In fouresfoure. routes þe Bretons hem set, . Þe sykerersarer. wiþ þe Romayns þey met; Sire Cador wyþ þe Cornewaleys,his Cornwales. Sire Beduer wyþ his Herupeys,Dwellers in the south of the town of Paris, from the little river Bicvre: De Lincy, Wace, ii. 183. Sire Borel & sire Richer, Ilkon hadde þer bataillebatailes. ser. Þe Romayns al aboute wond;wend. ffaste þey lore, & nought ne fond.les & nouht fand. ¶ Roborati sunt Romany per consilium Ewanderi. Ewanden,Ewandere. þe kyng of Libye, Saw þe Romayns force doun flye; He relyed þen his folk a stounde, & sey þe prisons myght nought be founde; " To seke prisons ys tynt trauaille," He bad þem tente al to þe bataille; He sette þem alle in swylk certeyn, Þat þe bettere party þey wan a-geyn; Of þe Bretons þey felde ynowe, & foure of our beste men þey slowe,— Sire IdersHeere yder. sone þe Bretoun, & Irelgas ofMS. &. P. Heriglas of. (See the name above, pp. 167, 173, ll. 4753, 4919, &c.) Hiresgas de Peritum, Wace, ii. 184, l. 12,590. Peryron, Sire Alydauk of Tyntagel, . Þat was lord of þat castel, And Mauryk/ Cador/ Caneys;—kador keneis. (Amauris li Orkanois, Wace, ii. 184, l. 12,594.) Souereyne knyghtes þey were, hit seys.oiþer bret or walsch whedir it sais. Þe Erl Borel, a gret lordyng, Hym smot Ewander þe kynge; In at þe mouþ Borel he bar, Þorow-out þe þrote o two he schar. ¶ When þey seyesauh how. sire Borel fel, ffor wo þe Bretons al to-swel Þat þey so þeir lordlordes. les Wyþ þe Romainsof þe romeyns were. grete pres; Ageyn o Breton wereMS. were were. ten Romayn;a breton seuen men told. Nere grace had ben, al had be slayn,if ne grace had bien all had bien sold. Al had ben ded & doun born, & þer prisons had ben lorn; But Vtred, a lord of Peyters,Guitar de Poitiers, Wace, ii. 185, l. 12,610. He was cheftayn of fforreyers,keper of foreris. (foriers, Wace, ii. 185, l. 12,611, forragers. He com dryuande þat ilke while, ffor hit was told hym of [þat] gyle,him all þat gile. Þat Romayns come rescours to make, Þe Bretons to slo, þe prisons to take. Wiþ hym come þre þousand knyghtes, & archers gode at alle rightes, & on þe Romayns smyten ful tit,smote full tide. Þat had our Bretons ner desconfit; Þeir scharpe speres &lances on. scheld forþ leyd, An hundred þei felde attesmote doun at þe. firste breyd, Þat neuere eft þey ne ros, . Of þe Bretons to wynne los. ¶ Iam Romany tymorati sunt. Þenne were þe Romayn[s] al a-baischt, & al was schent þat or was trayst; Þey wende Arthur & al his ost Had folewed þem in þat cost; Þe Peyteuyns faste þeym assailled, & þe Bretons nought ne failled, Þe ton quiked þe toþer to lyue, Þe Romayns to greue, fast gon þey stryue,ll. 13,247-13,248. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. Þe Romayns in haste turndeRomeyns gaf bak. & fledde, Þey hadde no clos, but oueral spredde;klos ouer all þei spred. To þer logges þer þey hem busched,bussed. Þey fledde, & þer wer al to-lusched.to lusshed. But Ewander þat slow Borel, & ffyue hundredsis cent et plus, Wace, ii. 186, l. 12,641. wyþ sire Catel, Were alle slayn & don in hold, Wyþouten lordes þat more were told. Þat þey wold haue, al þey hadden, Prysons y-nowe alle þey ladden;inow away laden. Þer þe bataille was, þey turnde ageyn, & tryde þe Bretons fro ilk& souht ilk breton fro. Romeyn. To seke Borel his men had hast, Þey fond hym sone, ȝeldyngȝeldand. þe gast. Þe wounded men to saue þey sought, & þe slayn to erþe þey brought. Þe firste prisons þat Arthur sent, Þo þat were charged, to Parys went; Þe oþere prisons þat þey last hent, Of þeym til Arthur þey made present, & telde þem wel ofhim all. þeyr deseit, How þeir hap was ner ouer-streit, & how Vtred was þer socour, . & grately meyntende þem in& mayntend þam in þat. stour, & bed hembad him. boldely to bataille wende; Of þemperour gat þeyhe. þe fairere ende. ¶ Þemperour herdeherd how. þe Bretons sped . Þorow þe help of sire Vtred, & þat sire Ewander was slayn, & þe oþere y-do to payn; Grace til hym wold non bytide, But euere mys happed onmishapned. his syde; Þer-fore mykel he was dismayed, Þat werre was gonne,gunne (begun). he was nought payed; Al þe day he studied & þoughtP. leaves out this line. Wheþer he wylde werre forþ or nought;P. leaves out this line. To take þe batailleforþe to werre. mykel he dredde, ffor he no tyme byfore ne spedde; Of þys to conseille he nyste at wham, Or leue al til anoþer cam; Ȝyf he left til anoþer wore, Þen shulde hym schame þat he com þore; Þus he þoughte to do or lete, ffor drede of Arthur þat was so grete. But þis conseil had he of som, Þat he schulde remue til Oston,Oscom. (Ostom [Autun], Wace, ii. 188, l. 12,682.) & passe by Langres þe contre, . Þat nyght to reste in þat cite. At þe morn he gan to ride, & cam to Langres y þe euen tyde. ¶ Inperator prepræ. timore fugiit: tunc dixit Arthurus. Arthur herde hit sone seye How to Ostonþat till Ostum. he tok þe wey, & wolde nought to bataille stande Til hym com more help til hande; But þer-til Arthur nought ne radde, So longe abide til he folk hadde, But as priuely as men myght, He dide his ost remue þat nyght, & letlete. Langres on þe left, & þe wey til OstumHoscum. hym reft. By o weyebi a gate. þat he wiste gayn, He passed hilles, wode, & playn, Til þey com þer þe stret lay hey, In a valeye þat hatte Swesy;hate suesi. Þorow þat veleye alle camen, Þat fro OstumHoscum. to Langres namen. When þey were þere he bad þem rest, & syþen ilkon þer armure on kest, To be redy, what tyme þey mette, Swyþe on hem to-gydere sette. Þer harneys & þer frapaille Þat fel nought to be in bataille, Vnder an hil he set þem þere, As þey armed men alle were, Þat when þe Romayns onof. þem had sight, Þe mikelhedmultitude, Wace, ii. 190, l. 12,717. schuld make þem aflight.ofright. A legionesciele, Wace, l. 12,719; but "légion" for legion, l. 13,338, below. þe kyng ches & tok, Þe Erl of Gloucestre had þo to lok,— A legion ys of folk þat wex, Sex þousand, sex hundred, sexti & sex,— & tauht hym on an hil to byde: " Meue nought, for ought þat may bytide, " Til þat y come, when y se nede; " Þorow þe, weþe way. (The text's þe=thee.) may stande & spede. " Ȝyf swylk auenture bytide or be, " Þat þe Romayns turn bak & ffle, " ffolewe þou affter, þenne, & slo; " In god tyme þider þou go." Sire Moronthe seide hit scholdMornith [or Morinth] said it sall. be don. ȝit tok þe kyng a legion Of doughti knyghtes horsed wel,— . Þey bere þe name of þe beste eschel,— In more sight were þo set, Hym self was chef, & he þem get; Þey were þo þat þe rounde table preised, Þat he had norisched & vp reysed,— A-mong þo was þehis. dragoun Þat Arthur bar for gonfanoun;— Þat oþer wasþe toþer wer. set at his pay On eyghtein auht. (7, Geoffrey; 8, Wace.) batailles of gode array; Alle were þey knyghtes gode, & hardy men þat wel stode; He bisoughte þem at her might, When þe fotmen schulde fight, Þat horsmen come ouer-þwert,

Wace makes half the "com|pagnes" foot, and half horse; and Arthur prays them—

Que cil qui à ceval seroient, E cil à pie se combatroient, D'entravers les Romains féris|sent, Hardiement les envaissent. Wace, ii. 191, l. 12,744-51.

Geoffrey is clearer, bk. x. ch. 5.

 & trauersed þe Romayns smert. In ilka bataille was teld þus euenetald euen.— . Þus fond y write as y schal neuene— ffif þousand, fifsix, says Wace; five, Geoffrey. hundred, fifti & fyue, Of þe noblest knyghtes o lyue, Wel armed at her wille, & hadde no doute of non ylle. Þus were þey sett, right as y finde, ffoure byfore, & foure byhynde; Bytwixt þise foure was folk þe moste, . Alle þe comune of þer hoste, On hors, on fote, arrayed ful wel,P. leaves out this line. Þat were nought set in non eschel.P. leaves out this line. Þe fotmen also ful doughti ware,P. leaves out this line. . In ilka bataille for to fare.P. leaves out this line. In ilka bataille of lordynges, Two cheftayns chosen, erles &or. kynges: ¶ Sire Agusel hadde þe first bataille, Wiþ sire Cador of Cornewaille; ¶ BeofsBeus. of Oxenforde hadde þe secounde, Erl Geryn of Chartres halp hym þat stounde; ¶ A-childAchill. (Echille, Wace, ii. 192, l. 12,768.) of Denmark þe þrydde conreye,correie. Wyþ sire Loth, kyng of Norweye; ¶ Þe ferthe had Ohel of Bretaygne, & wyþ hym was þe gode Wawayne.Wawayn chefetayn. After þo foure, oþer foure ware Renged & set to bataille ȝare; ¶ Of þat on, was Kay Iustiser, & wiþ hym was sire Beduer;

P. adds,—

Beduer had his herupeis. kay angeuins & chinnoneis.

 ¶ Þat oþer eschele had sire Holdyn, & sire GwitardWitard. þe Peyteuin; ¶ Þe seuenþethrid. had Iugens of Leycestre, Wyþ sire IanatasIonathas. of Dorcestre. ¶ Þe Erl of Chestre, sire Cursalen,Sursalem. & of Bathe þe erle Vrgen.Baruk of Circestre, of Baþe Vrgen, Þe eyghteþe bataille to þem wasþe auhtend was to þam. allied, fful mykel on þem ArthurArthure on þam wele. affied; Þe seriauntzsargeancie. & þe archers, & oþere noble arbalasters,alblastrers. Þo were set wyþoute þe pres To kepe þe Romayns at trauers; But bifore Arthur schuld þeos alle wende, & Arthur was þen y þe last ende. ¶ Comendacio cum pulcris verbis per Arthurum. When Arthur had set ilka bataille, & taught hem whenhow. þey scholde assaille, Lystneþlistens. þe grete curtesy He spak til his barons alle on hy, & þe gretemykell. preysynge he made, His men to bolde, þeir hertes to glade: " Lordynges,"Barons. he seyde, "ioye me ledes " When y þenke on ȝoure doughtigode. dedes, " Of ȝoure þewes, of ȝoure conquest, " & euere fynd y ȝow hardy & prest; " ȝour prowesse & nobleye, hit wexeþ ay, " Maugre þo þat wolde sey nay! " When y byþenke on ȝoure godnesse,thynk on ȝour gode dedis. " Þat Bretaygne, ȝour lond, in oure tyme ysour lond in ȝour tyme es. " Hed of þritty kynedames, " & lorde ouere þem, as men hit& lady so men hir. names, " ffor þat ioye myn herte ys tykel; " In God & ȝow y affie me mykel, " Þat ȝut schul we oure land auaunce " Þorow Godegodes. grace & ȝour god chaunce. " Of dedes of armes ȝe haue þe pris, " & haue ouercomen þe Romayns twys! " Myn herte me gyueþ, þat grace hit schapes, . " & tyme neigheþ, & þer-to rapes, " Þat we schul þis day, in þis were, " ffro þe Romayns þe maistri bere. " Norwey, Denmark, we haue ouer-ronne, " ffraunce & fflaundres þorow& france þorgh. bataille ȝe wonne, " Wel schuld we wynne þe lasse worthi, " Syn ȝe of þe beste haddewhan of þe best we haf. maistri. " To seruage þey wene vs to drawe, " & gyue hem trewage þorow awe, " & ffraunce to reue vs, rote & rynde! " Swilk folk wene þey here to fynde " Als þey out of þe Est brynge:— " Wommen con bettere of fightynge!— " On Crist we schul hope & affye " A-geyn þe houndes of Paynye!payenie. " ffor houndes, schul ȝe neuere fle, " & Romayns ar nought worþ a be!ere not als we. " Wel wot y, & ȝe schul wyte, " Þat y schal se ho wel schal smyte, " ffor y schal be at ilka dede, " & y schal helpe at alle nede." ¶ Responcio gentis Arthury. Þys þat he seide was wel herd, & alle at ones þey hym answerd, " Maistrie ne pes wolde he non ȝelde; . " Bataille was set, bataille þey wylde. " Þey wylde deye þer in þe feld, " But ȝyf þe maystrie wyþ hem held."MS. hem. P. leaves out lines 13,445-46. Þey swore al þat myghte be sworn, ' What chaunce so was leid hem byforn, ' Þat ilke chaunce þey scholde haue alle, ' God or wykke, wheþer God let falle.' ¶ Dicta Lucii Inperatoris. Lucius Yber was born in Spayne, . Of Rome emperour & cheuentaigne. ȝong man ynow was sire Lucy, More þan þritti, but nought fourty; Don he hadde in þat age Many a doughti vasselage; ffor he was strong, lastyngeto stand. in stour, Þer-fore was he mad Emperour. O þe morn erlyk, on a þromarly on a thrum (mass). Þey meoued fro Langres toward Ostum Wyþ mikel folk & gret[e] route Þat spredde in lengþe & brede aboute. Þen herde þemperour by spies seye Þat Arthur had trauersed his weye; He perceiued þen his bold-hede, & sey þat he hadde of hym no drede, Þat eyþer bihouedouþer burd. hym to bataille stande, Or turne a-geyn, & be fleande: To turne a-geyn were cowardise, & þat were schame til hym & hyse. Kynge, prynces, & dukes, alle þoP. leaves out this line. Þat were wyþ hym, two hundredcent mil, Wace, ii. 196, l. 12,875. & mo,P. leaves out this line. To conseille alle he calde þemfor consell he cald his men. to, To wite at hem what he schuld do: " Lordes, peres, men of honurs, " Doughti lordes,bodies. gode conquerrours, " ȝe are comen of þo auncessours " Þat ful wel stode in alle stours; " Þorow þem ys Rome, wel haue ȝe herd, " Halden hed of al þe werd, " & so schal be, y gyueso sall .I. gyf. ȝow a gyue, " Al so longe as y may lyue. " Þey wonne þe londes þat we now heyre; " Schame hit were we scholde now peyre. " Gentil þey were, oure kynde hit mones, " Of doughti fadres, of doughti sones; " Þer-fore doþdos. now þat in ȝow es, " Likneþ ȝour fadres inliken þour fadres. doughtines! " Better hitbot it. were in bataille pyne, " Þan faderes heritage to tyne; " & þat schul we on none wyse, " Heritage lese for feintyse! " Þyse wordes for yuel seide y nought now, " ffor y fond neuere feintise in ȝow;ll. 13,491-13,494. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. " ȝour fadres were gode, so ar ȝe, " Or bettere þan þey, hit may so be. " ȝe wyte & se, asse & wate als. wel as y, " Þat by þat weye we schul go by " Vntil Ostum, hit ys wyþ-set; " But wiþ bataille or baret— " I ne wot wheþer þey be robbours " Or þeues þat wolde haue ought of ours;— " Þat weye þey haue vs wyþ-sted " Þat y scholde ȝow haue inne y-led;ll. 13,501-13,504. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. " Y trowe þey wende þat y had scurned, " ffor þat y now ageyn ward turned. " Nay for soþe, þat þought y nought! " Y wolde þey hadde on vs more sought; " Ouer fer byfore vs þey han hopped,P. leaves out this line. " & oure right passage haue þey stopped;P. leaves out this line. " But þer forgate schal þem nought vaille; " Arme vs, & gyue we þem bataille, " To do þem bak be dryuen && do þam bakward to be. born, " Þat passed vs so fer byforn! " ȝyf þey stande, we schul þem smite; " ȝyf þat þey fle, þen schul þey wyte " Þer pryde þat hem so haþ schent, " Þat þey þe weyesour way. byfore vs wente." ¶ Hic habetur magnum bellum inter Inperatorem & Arthurum in valle Swesy, inter Ostum & Langres. When Lucius had þus gat seid, fforþ þey ferde alle at oall þei stirt forþe at a. breyd, & armed þem ilkon right wel, & sette ilk man til his eschel: Kynge & prynceskynges & dukes of Payen Were medled among Cristen, Þat her landes of Rome held, & toin. þer werre seruise of scheld. By milers & by centenersbe Centiners & Millers. Sette þey þe batailleþer batailes. seers; Horsmen, fotfolk,Hors folk fote men. on ilka partie, Were somme set lowe, & somme heye, Right after þat þeym god þought. Þat were of prowesse, & ofpruesse in. bataille dought, When þey were dight & set In twolue batailles, þo þat hym get, Doun wyþ þe hil þey tokecom. þe weye Al sarrely in to þesarrely vnto. valeye; & þat o syde tokeall þe to side to. þe Romayns, & Arthur þat oþer euen þer-gayns.þe toþer euen ageyns. Þe Romayns comen fro-ward þe west,P. leaves out this line. . & Arthures folk were al prest;P. leaves out this line. On boþe sydes þey gonne to blowe Trumpes & pipes a wel god þrowe;& trumped als a full gode þrewe. Þe batailles neyghed ney & ney,blowand neghed nehi & nehi. Sadly passing,passand. and softely. When þey seye þat þey mightnehi mot. mete, Wyþ bowes & arblastesalblastes. gan þey schete, Dartes, launces,launced. stones, kaste, . On boþe parties þykke & faste; Vneþes myght any open his eye, So þykke atones gon þey fleye,— Also þikke as snow þenþat. snew, Or al so hail þat stormes blew,— Þorow scheldes smiten, & þorow paunces.P. transposes these lines. After þat schot, þey schoteafter schotyng þei striken. launces;P. transposes these lines. ffer weys mighte men here þe brusche,frusse. . A þousand breken at o frusche.braken at þe brusse. After launces, wyþ swerdes smiten, & wyþ axes & daggares þat welAnd oþer wapens þat. biten; Þer was bataille merueillous, Neuer non byfore so perilous, Ne non so asper ne so þyk,P. transposes these lines. ffor ilk was oþer euenMS. euem. quik.P. transposes these lines. Þat wel couþe feighte, he fond his mecche,P. transposes these lines. Cowardie halp þer no wrecche.P. transposes these lines. Al þe valeye aboute schok,

P. transposes these lines, puts them after the next couple, and then adds—

som þat were striken turned. & defended strokes skurned.

 So harde þe parties to-gidere tok;

P. transposes these lines, puts them after the next couple, and then adds—

som þat were striken turned. & defended strokes skurned.

 ffull harde to-gydere gan þey hurte, Þat on a-geyn þat oþer burte. Manye doun fulle, & fele þerfele doun fell & many. stod, & mani on lay drenkled in blod; Many knyght of sadel was wrast,kast. . & many stede wyþ hem were cast,was wrast. & many oþer wente o stray, Þe bridlesbidell. broken, & sadeles a-way. Wel þey foughte a ful long stounde,Inouh of fight ilk oþer founde. Ilk fonded oþer to haue to grounde. So vaillaunt was neuereso siker to wynne was. no Romayn Þat myghte þe Bretons ruyse onesbring þe bretons abak. ageyn, Ne þe Bretons of þem nought wan, So wel þey stoden ilka man; Neþeles, foure batailles of oures Had hard encountre & scharpewere ay fightand in þo. stoures,— AguselAnguisell. & sire Cador, . Beofs & Geryn, þyse were þor,Beus & Gerin þise ȝede before. Achil, Loth, & sire Ohel, & sire Wawayn þat dide so wel,— Þyse foure wyþwere. In comun, the Lambeth MS. n has one stroke too many. þe comun host, . Alle had þey ful hand al-most. Noman mighte þer welwas þer non kouth lightly. chese Whilk of þem schold wynne orwho suld wynne ne who suld. lese, Til þat o bataille forþto þat eschel to bataile. spred, Þat sire Kay & Beduer led. Þey saw þe Bretons nought ne wan, Þe Romayns helde as þey bigan; To þem þey seyde þey wildesuld. al-gate. On al þe pres þey gonne hem abate; In to al þe þrong þer was þykkest,P. leaves out this line. Kay & Beduer in gonne brest.P. leaves out this line. fful wel faught Beduer, & so dide Kay; . Þo þat þey hitte, ded þey lay:— Þus seyde þo þat stode þem ner, Þat neuere styward ne botyler Þat serued kyng ne kayser, So wel halp at here power;— fful mikel þey dide, & more þey scholde ȝyf þey had lyued, & Crist hit wolde. Byfore þey breke þe Romayns route,P. leaves out this line. Þer folk folewode, & hadde no doute;P. leaves out this line. Many a strok þey gaue & tok,P. leaves out this line. Out of þer sadeles mani on schok.P. leaves out this line. Sire Beduer among hem presed, Romayns to slo noughtsle he. ne sesed; O þat oþer side Kay ne blan, ffor he feld doun hors & man. ȝyf þey hem self couþe haue meþed,þamseluen kouth haf mythed. . & als þer strokes couþe haue leþed,kouth haf lithed. And þer folk wolde haue byden, And alle to-gidere þat þey hadþat þei had togider. ryden, Til þat oþer bataille had comen, . & þenne alle at ones nomen, Gret prowesse of þem had ben told, & saued þer bodies, þat sone were cold.þer lyues lightly was sold. Alas! ȝyf þat God had wyld!wilt . . . . . spilt. Þer hardinesse þem seluen spild!wilt . . . . . spilt. Þey þoughte to perce þe host þorow-out, ffor þey hadde hertes ful fers& wist þam self strong. & stout, & on hem self ouer mykel affyed, Þer men to hem were soþam wele. allyed Þat þey ne roughterouh. where þey ȝede, Ne nought rewarded howno tentid not. þey were in drede: ¶ A bataille þey mette, & smot þer-in, Nought of þe Romayns, but of Sarazyn,— Of Mede he was, Bokkus he hight, Kyng he was, & ful god knyght.— A ful gret host þys Bokkes ledde, Our Erles were hardy, & nought ne dredde, Right on þem alle fulbut þeyvnto þam alle smertly. riden; Þer was a bataille ful sore smyten Bytwixt þe houndes Sarazyns, & Herupeys & Angeuyns. Bokkes rod in wyþ a gleyue, ffayn wold he Beduer deseyue; In att þe brest Beduer he smot; Þe glayue was scharp, & ouer fer bot; Scheld & hauberk þorow he brak, Þe spere fley out alþe dynt com out. at his bak. Þen fel Beduer; myght non hym saue; But Ihesu Crist his soule ay haue! Kay fond Beduer þer he lay, ffayn wold he haue þe body a-way, Of alle men he louede hym most; & þenne gan faste relie his host, & gaf eft bataille to þem of Mede; Wyþ force he dide hem flitte þat stede. Als he schuld þer þe body vp fange, He dwelled þer-onHe was duelled. a litel to lange, ffor þenne com Sentor,com sir Sertor. kyng of Lubye, Wiþ gret power of paynye, & on sire Kay smot he þore,full sore. & wounded hym ferly sore;ille þore. But for no wo, wounde, ne dynt, Þe body ne lefte he, ne tynt. His gode folk was hym aboute, & holpe hym of þat mykel doute; Þē? for þen, the accusative of þe. If so, it's the only instance in the book as yet. bodi þen to þe dragon brought, Maugre þo þat on hym sought. ¶ De probitate Irelgas, congnato(cognati). P. nepotis. Beduery. Sire Beduer cosynniès, Wace, ii. 204, l. 13,061. hight Irelgas:Yreglas. . When he wyste þat harde cas, What of his frendes, & of his kynde, & oþer þe beste þat he myght fynde, Þre hundred men wiþ helmes bright, & wel horsed, & al wel dight, When he had samned þem ilkone, " Lordynge, to ȝow now make y my mone! " At þis nedes helpeþnede helpes. now, " Of þo houndes þat myn emof þo þat myn eam. slow! " Of Bokkus, þe kyng of Mede, " Aspieþ hym wel in ilkaspies him in alle. stede!" Þey serched ouer al vp & doun Til þei seye his gonfanoun; When þey hit seye,þer þei it sauh. þider gon þey drawe, On Kaliborne þey cried a þrawe. Irelgas, noman wyþ-stod; His em to venge he was ful wod; He dredde non of alle þe renge, But þat he myght þer his em venge; fful wel hym halp þen his felawes alle, Wyþ speres dide þey many on falle, & on þem ride, þat doun were cast, & Bokkus bataille trauailled fast.Bockus trauersid at þe. When þey til his bataille were comen, . So wel þey dide, þat þorow þem nomen; But Irelgas was euere byfore, After hym his folk held wel þe score; Syde & oþer, þey lefte no þyng Vntil þey fond Bokkus þe kynge. When Irelgas was wel auised, His hors on hym hisþe. bridel wysed, He teysed his dint, Bokkes to smyte, Þe swerd was god, & wel wold byte, Þe helm[it] clef, þe hauberk tar,taar. Þorow-out þe breste þe swerd hym schar,in schaar. I trowe þe soule to helle went, But Irelgas by þe arm hym hent, Þat þe body fel nought doun; He leide hum& laid. ouer-þwert hys arsoun; Þe knyght was god, þe hors was stronge, He turnde þer-wiþ out of þe þronge; Þe body to þer dragon bar,— Wel holp his men þathis men wele halp. aboute hym war,— Bysyde his em þe body þrew, & on peces hym al to-hew;all till hewe. Al to-hewen þer he hym let;þei him lete. The eating by dogs and birds is Langtoft's, i. 209. Houndes, foules, his body ete. When Irelgas had don þat pris, " ffelawes," he seyde, "graunt mercis! " Turne we ȝutnow. on þem a-geyns, " & folewe faste o þe Romeyns, " & on þise houndes þat mys byleue,on þam þat nouht ne leue. " Þat oure Cristene so mykel greue!" Þey turnde ageyn as men hardy;P. leaves out this line. Þen myghte men here noise & cry;P. leaves out this line. Swerdes, helmes, men mighte se glyder,P. leaves out this line. & sparklyng as þey smyte to-gyder.P. leaves out this line. Holdyn, þe Erl of fflaundres, held Gaunt & BrugesBriges & Blemes. vnder his scheld; Of a bataille he was cheftayne,P. transposes these lines. He countred wyþ Alyfatyn of Spayne.P. transposes these lines. So longe þat on þat oþer assailled, & ilk on oþer so trauailled, Þat slayn was sire Alyfatyn, & slayn was þe Erl Holdyn. Lyger, þe kyng of Babilloyne, Rod toIusted with. þe Erl of Boloyne: Ligiers, qui ert quens de Boloine Josta al roi de Babiloine. Wace, ii. 207, l. 13,149-50. Geoffrey, x. 10, has Micipsa of Babylon killed on the Roman side, and Lodegarius of Bolonia on the British. Slayn was þe erl, slayn was þe kyng, & oþer þre mad þeir endynge, Baruk, Vrgens, & sire Cursal; Wiþ ilk was gret folk wyþ-al. Sire Vrgens of Baþe was sire, & Baruk of Circestre & Wilteschire,Baluk erle of Wilcheshire. (Bal|luc quens de Guitesire, Wace, ii. 208, l. 13,158.) & Cursal, Erl of Chestre was; Þise were slayn þer at þat pas. Þer men gaf bak, & turnde agayn, & com til Ohel & til Wawayn:— Swilk two knyghte, ful wel þouknyghtes wele to. leue, Wer non syn Adam was, & Eue;— Þer men & þey were gode ilkon, In pres,pres. (presse ne torbe, Wace, ii. 208, l. 13,177.) in pleyn, þey douted non. Þo þat first on Bretons brak, Þeir cheftayns slowe, dide þem gyue bak; Alle þo þey slowe, & dide þem fle, & turnde þem ouer, þat men myght se.ouer Iambe leue. So harde strokes þe Bretons gaf, Þe Romayns route al ouer-haf, Þat þe Romains, wold ho,wild þei. ne wolde, fflede vnto þe Egle of golde. (Egle ys ernHerne. on Englische roun; Þat was þe Romayns gunphanoun.)Gomfaynoun. Þere þey fond þe Emperour, & of al Rome þer was þe flour. When þey seye þey come so ner, Þe Romains were þem ful auster; Nere herd þey seye, ne sawe hit writen,P. leaves out this line. Swilk a stour to Romayns smyten,P. leaves out this line. A doughty erl þat highte Kynmar, Wiþ sire Ohel þat tyme was þar; Don he hadde gret vasselage, Þe Romayns slayn at ilka stage; Mighte no Romayn hym a-scape,P. leaves out this line. Þat to þe deþ he dide hym rape.P. leaves out this line. A fotman þenne his bowe vp drow,It sais a fote man a disceit drouh. & Erl Kynmar atte lasstealgate. he slow, & two þousand of þe Bretouns, Wiþoute men of grete renouns.noble men of ronons. ¶ De tribus sociis nobilibus. Þre noble knyghtesgode men. þer were, & wyghte; Iugens,Iaguz. hit seyþ, þat on so hyghte,— Out of Bolayn,Boloyn. (Boloan, Wace, ii. 209, l. 13,202.) þeþen was he, A borough y wene,MS. were. or a cite;—a toun .I. wene or a cuntre. Þat oþer highte Rykomarkus, Þe þrydde men calde Boklonius; Þer wer non þre in al þenot þre in all þat. stour Þat wroughte after so gret honur; ȝif þey had ben dukes or kynges, Of þem had ben grete preysynges; Þer was no Romayn bitwyxt hem cam,P. leaves out this line. Þat awey wyþ lyf fro þem nam;P. leaves out this line. Were he neuere so doughty,P. leaves out this line. . On lyue passed non forby;P. leaves out this line. Right to þe Emperours owen bataille Þey ne lefte Romayns to assaille. Þat seye Romayns, þey dide gret wow, Þey closed hem, & alle þre slow. When Wawayn wiste, & sire Ohel, Þat her gode folk doun so fel, Was neuere lubard ne lyoun,libard no leon. . Ne wilde wolf ne dragoun, Þat was so wod, beste to byte, As Wawayn was Romayns to smyte. Sire Ohel als on his partye, Many on dide he ded doun lye. Þe Romayns wel þem defended, Grete strokes on þe Bretons spended;

P. adds,—

wele were þei smyten & wele smote. bretons þe biten bretons þam bote.

 But Wawayn was euere fresche & prest, When oþer ne myghte, þan was he best; Was þer non helm wiþ stel so rank Þat his swerd þorow-out ne sank, Ne hauberk non, wyþ maille gret,P. leaves out this and the following line. . Þat his spere ne þorow schet; Þat tyme manion dide he deye, & þo þat myghte, made hym weye; Among þe moste euere he presed, His harde strokes nought ne sesed; Right to þe Emperour Lucius, Of Romayns he made rescous. Lucius was ȝong, ynow had elde, Hardy & stalworthe, armes to welde; Bytwyxte þrytti &þritty & more lesse þan. fourty Was þe elde of sire Lucy. ¶ De Insulto Walwyny ad Inperatorem. Lucius knew wel sire Wawayn, & he hym ful wel ageyn; Ilk on oþer auisement sett, But þemþerour ful wel heMS. he. P. & þe Emperour wele he. let; He hoped wyþ Wawayn for to fight, ffor he was man preised of myght, & ȝif he myghte ascape of chaunce, Þer-of at Rome wold hewild him. auaunce. Right anon noafter þe sight ne. þrowe abyden, But swyþe smertly to-gydere riden; Þeir schaftes schiuered, & fleye in feld, But þey fel nought, ne donward held; Gode were þer brunyes, & stronge of maille,P. leaves out this and the following line. . Þer-fore þer dyntes myghte nought vaille; Wiþ swerd to smite þen þey hem hasted, On many manere ilk oþer tasted Ilk oþer to slo, ilk oþer to wounde,P. puts this line after l. 13,837. How eyþer myght oþeron what he mot. brynge to grounde: Þei proued byneþen and a-bouen, Wyþ swerdes poyntes sadly þeisuerd poyntes sidelynges. schouen; fful wel þei couþe ilk oþer assaye,P. leaves out this line. . & þer as was peril ilk oþer affraye;P. leaves out this line. fful sone schuld eyþer to deþ haue gon,P. leaves out this line. ȝyf þey nadde be let of non.P. leaves out this line. Þe Romayns perceyued þer bataille hard, & relyed þem to þeþei alied þam at þer. standard, & come to socoure þemperour Þat was in a perilous stour; fful litel failled heMS. þey. nadde benhe ne had bien. lorn. Þen were þe Bretons bakward born, Bretons wyþ-drowe, & Romayns wonne,fer þei fled on þam was wonnen. & many on ouer riden & ronne. Þer was Wawayn in gret doute, . Þe pris of Rome was hym aboute; Ohel & he a-scaped þorow,þam þorgh. & wente & teld hit til Arthorowcom & teld till Arthorgh. Þat þey had ben at þat standard, . & ner al slayn, & dryue bakward. ¶ Confortacio Arthury. When Arthur sey his men gaf bak, Þe Romayns boldely on þem brak, & poyned or pryked þempoined þam ouerpriked. wyþ pres, & þey wyþ-drowen hem, & erþe þeyþei fled bak & þe feld. les, Þen wolde Arthur no lenger byde, Ne myghte, ȝyf he wolde saue his syde; He cam criyngecriand. wiþ his bataille, " Agayn, ȝe Bretons, þe Romayns asaille!bretons ageyn romeyns assaile. In Lamb. MS. a later hand has put t before assaille. " Y am Arthur, þat wil noughtsall not. faille! " At al ȝoure nede y schal ȝow vaille! " Y am Arthur þat hider ȝow ledde, " Þat neuere in feld for no man fledde, " Ne deþ, ne dynt, ne bataille dredde! " In alle stours wel haue y spedde! " Y am Arthur, schal make ȝow weye, " & Romayns to Rome for drede doromeyns to ryme romeyns to. fleye! " Loke þat non of ȝow recreye, " Ne at þys iourne feyntene þat ȝour fight feynt. ne feye! " Þenkeþ now ofþink now on. ȝour grete bountes, " How fele we haue wonne landes & fees! " To day ne schal y fro þyssall I of. feld fle " Til al be wonne or lorn þorow me!" ¶ De crudelitate fortissimi belly inter Arthurum & Inperatorem. He smot his stede, & forþ togon. go, Romayns to felle, Romayns to slo; Þo þat hit seye, myght hit wel seye,saugh it mot wele say. So mykel folk for hym gan deye, So many helmes for hym þorow dryuen, Scheldes clouen, hauberks ryuen, Þat Caliborne hadde þorow byten, Hedes, armes, legges,schankes armes. of smyten; I may nought seye al, ne how, At ilka dynt a man he slow. As þe lyon for hunger snacches & sleþslos. þe best þat he first lacches,katches. So ferd Arthur wyþ ilkon, Many hors, men, aman ne hors. lyue left non; Wham-so he myghte reche or smyte, Þoughþof. he hym wounded neuere so lyte, Leche craft couþe hym nought seye;saue. . ffor any medisine, nede most he deye:no medicyne þat he mot haue. 7As þe wolf chaseþ þe schep, He dide þe Romayns by-fore hym lep;77-7 all for drede befor him fleih. as schepe agayn þe woulf ne deih. This simile is in the MS. du Roi, 73, Cangé, of Wace, though not in De Lincy's 27, Wace, ii. 214, note (a). And als Arthur after þem schok, Sertor of Lubye he ouer-tok; His hed he smot of at o dynt, ffor non armure þe swerd ne stynt; Seide Arthur þen to þo þer ware,The four lines 13,903-6, are in the MS. du Roi, 73, Cangé, of Wace, though not in De Lincy's No. 27 Wace, ii. 214, note (b). " Schame þe tyme þou armes bare! " & þat þou come me so ney, " Caliborne to make blody!" Arthur ouer-gat inouertoke. anoþer pres Þe kyng of Bythayne,bitinie. Pollydetes, Of a lond of Payenye: A wonder stroka selcouth. Arthur let flye! By þe schuldres þe hed of plat; Þe hed fel doun, þe body vp sat. Þorow Arthures wordes & dedes trayst, Þe BretonsMS. Romayns. P. bretons. bolded, & Romayns abaischt; Netheles þe Romayns wel abod, Ageyn þe Bretons stifly rod, & foughtenlaid at. as þey were wod, Wiþ gret strengþe a-geyn þemþei. stod. ffor Arthur saw þey wolde nought scurne, He gaf þem strokes wyþ Caliborne. Þemperour þenne tariedsoiorned. nought, On Arthures folk ful sore he sought, But þemperour ne Arthur þe kyng Mighte nought mete for no þynge; Mikel was þe pres, ful þykke þe þro, Þey myghte nought mete; Arthur was wo.ll. 13,925-13,926. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. Wel faught þe Breton, & wel þe Romayn; A þousand wyþynne a þrowe were slayn; Might noman wyte ho schulde ȝut wynne, Ne whiche of hem wer oute ne inne;ne whas was ouer no whilk was In. Þer was þe flour of boþe partis, . & neyþer side barnoiþer bare. ȝit þe pris. Moreont,Morinth. of Gloucetre cheftayn, Meoued aboue vponaboun on. þe montayn; He sey þe bataille was ful long, . Ne non ne fledde out of þe þrong; He hadde a legion of folk þat wex Sex þousand, sex hundred, sexti & sex; And alle knyghtes wyþ helm on stede; . & þoughte þat Arthur hadde nede; He sey non þat hym nesauh þat non. gaf þe feld, & til þe Bretons þer owen held; He þoughte þorow help of a lite . Þey scholde þe Romayns desconfite, & for to venge Arthuresmaynten Arthure. tene, Of þe Romayns þey schuld make clene. He com doun al pryuely, Þat non ne herde noyse ne cry; Byhynde þe bank he cam al hot, & on þe Emperours side he smot, & hisþer. bataille perced þorow out. . Þen gon þey baysche þat er werþan þei bessed þat are was. stout, Þe Romayns þenne no lengerlanger. byden, Þe Bretons folewed, & þem ouer ryden, & al fleynge& fleand. lightly þem slow, & spoyled hem, & al to-drow; Syn had þey no grace to stande, Ne myghte relye,recouer. but euere fleande. Þer was þemperour slayn of chaunce Þorow-out þe body wiþ a launce;— Y can nought seye ho dide hym falle, But sire Wawayn, men seide hitsaid þei. (See Langtoft, i. 216.) alle; Y þe laste bataille þat in sprong, . He was slayn þerþam. among; Þe certeyn can þer noman ame,P. leaves out this line. But sire Wawayn bar þe name;—P. leaves out this line. Among þe dede þey hym founde,amang þe dede þei him fonde. & wiþ a spere was his wounde.lance was his wonde. Þe Romayns alle faste þey fledde, & þe Payens for drede spredde; Whilk of þem þat swyþest nam, Þe Bretons kept þem as þey cam; Þey were wery alle to slo, ffor wery, manion letMany of þam lete. P. trans|poses this line and the one above it. þey go; Þe blod ran þerdoun. as water stremes . In chynes, in creuesses,kynnes in creuesse. & in semes; Gode stedes & palfrays ȝede o stray, ilk hisþer. ways. Arthur was glad þat þorow here dome Had so abated þe pridehe had abatid þe pris. of Rome; ffor byforn, seydenso said. alle þe Romayns, Þat non myght standen þem ageyns; Þerfore þanked Arthur God Almyght, Þat gaf hym þe maistri of hem þorow fight. ¶ Et sic finitur bellum incomparabile. Þenne dide he seke alle þe Bretons, Erles, knyghtes, & barouns, & dide þem cariebere. to þer contres, & byried þem at here cites, Til heremytages & til abbeyes, Þer men holy bodies leyes.bedis sais. He tok þe body of þe Emperour, & dide hit kepe atwith. gret honur, & sent hit to Rome to do in graue; ' Oþer truwage schuld þey non haue: ' ȝyf þey any oþer lord fond ' To aske truwage of Arthurs lond, ' Eyþer of Bretaigne or of Fraunce, ' Hym schulde falle þe same chaunce; " & Arthur preyes ȝow, for þe arrerage . " Þat ȝe receyue now þys truwage; " And ȝyf ȝe chalange hym any mare, " He schal ȝow sende swichesall ȝow send suilk. as þyse are." ¶ De sepultura Mangnatum Brytannie Mortuorum. Kay, þat was wounded byforn, Vntil þe castelbastell. was he born; he compassed or he ȝede. boþe þe length & þe brede.He compassed hit in lengþe & brede Er he to þe bataille ȝede, he compassed or he ȝede. boþe þe length & þe brede. & gaf hit name, & cald hit Chymoun;Chinnun. . I ne wot why, ne what resoun. Sire Kay liuede nought but a stounde, He hadde so manye dedly wounde; Þey byried hym at an heremitage Bysyde Chymoun,Chinnun. at a passage. At BayouseBayon. in Normandie Þey seide sire Beduer schulde þere lye; Þey biried hym at a kyrke name-couþ, Wyþoute þe ȝate toward þe souþ. To fflaundres þei bere þe erl Holdyn, In TyrewaneTerruane. (Chaverne, MS. du Roi, 27; Teruanes, MS. du Roi, 73, Cangé: Wace, ii. 218, l. 13,414.) þei biried hym in; Sire Liger was boren to Boloigne. & Arthur lefte in Burgoyne, Al þe wynter he dwelled þer-inne, & tounes dide he manie bygynne; In somer he þoughte to Rome haue gon, . Ȝyf he ne hadde lettyng of non. ¶ De Moddreto traditore. He was passed þe mountes pleyn, But Moddred dide hym turne ageyn. A day as he to þe mete went, . Out of þis lond lettresThese 'lettres,' and the 'trompes' of the next line are from Langtoft, i. 216. were sent, & right as his trumpes blewe, A messager þat he wel knewe, Þe lettres in his hand he leyde, . & til his owen mouþ hetill him with mouth. seyde, ' Þat Moddred, his sister sone, ' Had y-don hym gret tresone; ' He had taken of þe lond homage, ' & leyd in casteles gretdon in kastellis gode. hostage; ' ȝit wil he nought be þer-by, ' But waiteþ þebot waite him with. more vileny: " Þy wif til hys hore haþgon. drawe, " Ageynes cristen mannes lawe; " & Cheldryk, kyng of Germye,Gernimie. (Saissone, Wace, ii. 221, l. 13,461.) Wace has this Cheldrik bit after Arthur's reaching Whitsand, l. 14,072, here.) " Ys comen, & brought gret partie; " By-ȝonde Humber, vntil Scotland, " Cheldrik haþ þat in his hand; " & al þat langes vntil Kent, " Vntil Cheldrik gyue þeyȝeldes. rent; " To holde wyþ Moddred wyþat. his might, " Trouþe to-gydere haue þey plight. " Seuen hundred schipe lynschippes ligge. by þe stronde, " ffour score þousand þer comeer comen. to londe " Of men of armes, wyþoute pytaille, " Ageyn þou comest, to gyue þeȝow comes to gyf. bataille." ¶ When he had þus til Arthur teld, How Moddred no feyþ ne trouþe hym held, & synfullyke had reysed stryf, His lond hym refte, for-leyn his wyf, He made his plainte to sire Oel, & preide hym to kepe ilkadel Burgoyne & ffraunce boþe wel; Til hym he tryste as to þe stel: " Toward Bretaigne y wil me spede, " Þe outlandeys wiþ me lede, " On Moddred wil y bataille bede, " & take vengaunce ofon. his misdede. " Lytel y preyse al my conquest " Þat y haue wonne in þys est,est or weste. " ȝyf y now leue Bretayigne, my fe, " Bretayne myn heritage þat fel to be. " I schal me hye a-geyn to come; " On alle manere y wil to Rome." He iorneyed þen fro land to land Til he come to Whitsand. He pleyned hym sore of Moddred, Þat fro his conquest had don hymconquest him. fled. ¶ ArthulArthur. had purueid hym a flet, At Whitsand were þey in water set; Moddred herde wel þat tydyng, ' By Whitsand cam Arthur þe kyng.' Modred gadered his hostes to-gydere, Of hyse & oþer þat come þydere; Arthur he hoped he durstehoped wele to. abide, Wyþ-sette þe hauenes on ilka syde. Þe lond wolde nought Moddred lese, Ne repente, ne to þe pes chese; He wyste hym self so coupable, To aske þe pes hit was but fable. ¶ De bello inter Arthurum & Modredum traditorem. Arthur dide his flete eft dight, To Romeneye þey redde þem right; But er þey were of schipes nomen, Er was Moddred a-geyn hymþidere. comen, & letted hym to haue entre, Þey mighte nought come vp fromot nouht com out of. þe se. But Arthures men mighte wyþ trauaille; ffalse Moddred þey gonnegon þam. assaille; & he a-geyn was ful bold.gon þam. . ffor he hadde so siker hold, Arthures folk were more schent; ffor to þer schipes þey gaf þer tent To stere þem boþe fer & hende, . Þey tenden nought hem self to fende;& tent it nouht þemself defend. Þey mighte hem nought fro arewes couere Whileto whils. þey stode on bankes ouer; Þer-fore were manie at meschef, . & þer lost wasþer tinsell. more gref. As þey to londe fro botes stirte, Many were slayn, & fele were hyrte, & mescheuously þen fel such casat suilk a chance & suilk a caas. Þat sire Wawayn slayn þersir wawayn þore ded. was, & sire AguselAnguisell. of Scotland By hym lay ded on his hand;þe sand.— Þe soþe ne saw y write, ne how, . Wheþer þat bowe or swerd hem slow;— & manye oþere were slayn þore, Þat Arthur pleyned hem ful sore,him sare. But non by þe tenþe deltendele. . As Wawayn & Agusel:Anguisele. He had so mikel sorewe for þoP. leaves out this line. Þat he þoughte in non oþer wo;P. leaves out this line. Þeir sorewe myghte he neuere furgete; . Siþen eet he neuere gladlybliþely. mete. But whan his folk land had taken, A party gan his sorewe ouer schaken; Þen myghte Moddred haue no duree, . Ne no fot heldenne nouht stand. his meynee; Þaw þey were fele, þey were nought prest,P. leaves out this line. Þey had be norisched in pes & rest,P. leaves out this line. Þey couþe nought fighte, neþei couþe not. to-gydere wone, Ne atin. tyme stande ne schone, Als Arthures folk in werre couþe, Þat had hit vsed fro tyme ofþat it vsed in þer. ȝouþe. ¶ De occisione gentis Moddredy. Þat ilke day at Romeneye Arþur dide manion deye Of Moddredes folk here & þere, & mo schulde, ȝyf þe nyght ne were. Arthur sey þe day gan faille, He bod & stynte his folk to taille; He gaf al tente til his owen conrey. Þat whileto whils. fledde Moddred a-wey; Al þat night Moddred fledde To seke recet, but yuelereste bot ill. he spedde; He wende Londone wolde hym receyue; Þey wold hym nought, but let hym weyue. Temese & Londone he passed al, At Wynchestre þer tok he stal, Þere he herbergwed al a nyghtMS. myght. Ageyn þer wille, al þorow myght; Of þe burgeys he tok feaute & homage, alat. þeir maugre.De Sepultura Walwyny. ¶ Arthur wolde no soiour make, But Moddred wold he sle or take; But sorewe ful þough, did hym gret pyn, Of sire GawaynWawayn. his dere cosyn, & Agusel þe Scottische kyng: Arthur made here byryingwas at þer birieng. At Wybyry, þat ys in Walys; . Þer lye þey boþe, seyþ Peres tales.See Pierre de Langtoft's Chro|nicle, Rolls Series, vol. i. p. 220, l. 16-17. Now comeþ al Arthuresturnes Arthur. sorewe & drede. To venge hym on þe false Moddrede, Day ne night ne wolde he blynne. To sege Wynchestre, Moddred wyþynne, He dide þe contre somoune al out, & vmbyleide þe toun about. Þen sey Moddred he was in clos, & bysegedbised. wiþ his fos; He þoughte þat ȝyf he so longe lay, Wel schulde he nought wynne a-way, Þat nedly taken schuld he be, . & maugre hymhis. ȝelde þe cite. Among his men he made a cry, & bad hem alle arme hem redy; Wyþ hym to fighte leuere he wylde . Þan, his vnþankes, to þemþam him. ȝelde. His men in bataille gan þemhis batails set how þai suld. renge, & wente right out hymMS. hyn. for to venge; Þe parties sone to-gydere ran, & lorn was þere þen many a man. Moddredes partie ȝede al doun, ffor his folk had no fuisoun; Hit was no wonder he hadde no grace,P. leaves out this line. . ffor traitour scholde nought spede in place.P. leaves out this line. He sey his side no tyme ne spedde; ffor his misdedehe had misdone. þe kyng he dredde; Hym self he þoughte algateþouh for. to saue, . Siþen he nesen he. mighte no grace haue; His priues alle til hym he tok, Þo þat Arthur alle fursok, Þo þat Moddred hadde forþ brought,P. leaves out this line. Þat neuere louede Arthur nought;P. leaves out this line. Priuely wyþ hem he fledde a-wey, & lefte þer al hisleft in bataile þat. oþer conrey. To Souþhaumptone he tok þe sty, & huyred hym schipes al redy, & swyþe anon þey gonne forþ& son onward were to. saille; ffor drede he fledde til Cornewaille. Þo þat Moddred byhinde hym left, Alle were þey slayn, þer lyues& lyue. reft, & wan þe toundoun. of þem ilkon; But wo was hym Moddred was gon. Sire Vrienes sone, Iwene he hight, Gentil of blod, and ful god knyght; Agusel cosyn was sire Iweyn, Þe reme of Scotland he gan to cleym,

In scotland he mad a cleyme. P. adds—

for he was next of his kyn þerfor mad he cleym þerin.

 He left hit tilHe gaf. Iweyn in herytage, & Iweyn made Arthur homage. Iweyn had laught gret honour, Ageyn Moddred he stod in stour, & dide & seyde Moddred gret schonde,P. leaves out this line. . Þe while Arthur was out of londe.P. leaves out this line. At ȝork to soiourne was þe quen, Scheo herde what wo hem was bytwen, Þat Moddred ne myghte in bataille dure, But euere was at desconfiture. Scheo þoughte scheo was þen mykel to blame ffor þe vylenye & þe schame þat Moddred hadde brought hure inne, & wyþ hym hadde y-leyn in synne, & wedded hure ageyn þe lawe,— He ne lefte for kyngkynd. ne Godes awe,— Scheo hopede þat hit scholde yuelehoped ill it suld bind. ende, . Hure noble lord so foule to schende, & hure self for euere y-schent.P. leaves out this line. So mykel sorewe in herte scheo hent,P. leaves out this line. Scheo fledde away out of þe toun To Walys, vntil Carlioun; Sch[eo] ȝald hure tilscho did hir in. þat nonnerye, & tok þe veil for hure folye; Þer-inne was scheo hyd & sperd, Þat nomannon. of hure more herd. ¶ Moddred had sesed þen Cornewaille, ffor al Ingelandall þe toþer. gan hym faille, & sente aboute to landes serslond sers. After knyghte & souders; Payen & Cristen knyght of scheld, Alle þat wilde, at soud he held. He sente for Irysche & Noreys;P. leaves out this line. Þe Saxons come wyþ þe Daneys;P. leaves out this line. ' Þat hadde nought on to lyue,P. leaves out this line. ' Lond,' he seyde, 'he wolde hem gyue;'P. leaves out this line. He highte & gaf to forthe his sped,P. leaves out this line. As man byhoues þat haþ gret ned.P. leaves out this line. But Arthur soresone. ouer þoughte ȝyf he wiste what hym doughte; He dredde mykel his grete comynge,P. þe grete comyng. . Payens among þe Crystene to brynge. Arthur wolde no lenger byde, But gadered folk on ilkavpon his. syde Of alle þe contres heþen tocuntres vntill. Humber; fful manye þer were, as seys þemany he had it sais no. noumber. ȝyf Arthur hadde lenger abiden, Þe sykerere myghte Moddred haue ryden. When þe kyng had folk ynow, Toward Cornewaille he hym drow, & com in þer by þat cost Þer þat Moddred loggedþer Modred lay with. his host. Þen seide Moddred, 'he wolde nought fle, ' But abyde what chaunce sohe wild stand what chance mot. be; ' He schulde ersuld ore. putte hym self to deye, ' Er he wolde eft fle his weye.'or he suld eft fle aweie. Moddred hadde fourty þousand, . In a wode busched to stand By-syde a water, Tambre,Joste Camblan, MS. du Roi, 27; Joste Tanbre, MS. du Roi, 73, Cangé: Wace, ii. 229, l. 13,659. y wene, Þat þe parties ranwas þe parties. by-twene. Stronge werewas. þe hostes, gret was þe hate, & wratheHatered. to-gydere dide þem abate. Þorow hate & ire to-gydere þey ran, & Payens loues no Cristen man; Þerfore þe bataille was merueillous, & þe slaughter more hydous.ll. 14,265-14,268. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. On boþe partis were slayn fele, ffor þer non wolde oþer [forbere ne]for non wild oþer forbere no. spele. 2.When Arthur sey Moddred feloun, . He rod til hym wiþ gret raundoun; Byfore hym dide bere his dragoun, Moddred to smyte as a lyoun. Moddred he smot, & he smot hym, . On boþe partis were woundes grym.22-2 From Langtoft, i. 223, lines 18-23. But Moddredes side gan misfalle, ffor he was slayn, & his men alle; & als was slayn þer y þat stour, Of þe Rounde Table þe faire flour,— Þe faire ȝonglynges so mykel y-preisedP. leaves out this line. Þat Arthur had norisched & vp reysed,P. leaves out this line. Þat he hadArthur. gadered of alle landes, Þe doughtiest þat were of handes;— & Arthur hym seluen þore, Men seyþ, he was wounded sore; &, for his woundes were to drede, Þer-fore he dide hym selfþei did him. lede In to þe Ilde of Aualoun. & þus seys ilka Bretoun, Þat on lyue þere he ys, Lyuende man wyþ blod &Man in blode & in. flesche, & after hym ȝut þey lok. Maister Wace þat made þys bok, He seyþsais . . . . . dos . . . . . sais. namore of his fyn Þatþan. (Qu'en dist, Wace ii. 230, l. 13,690.) doþsais . . . . . dos . . . . . sais. þe prophete Merlyn. Merlyn seidesais . . . . . dos . . . . . sais. ful merueillouse, Þat Arthures deþ was dotouse;dede was doutous. (dotose, Wace.) Þer-fore ȝyt þe Bretons drede, & seynsais . . . . . dos . . . . . sais. þat he lyues in lede; But y seye þey trowe wrong; ffor ȝyf he now lyue, his lyf ys long; & ȝyf he lyue þys ilke day,P. leaves out this line. . He schal lyue for euere & ay.P. leaves out this line. Nought þan y trowe þe BretonsBot þe bretons londe. lye; He was so wounded, he moste dye. This heading is two lines higher in the MS.¶ Nomina dominorum occissorum, tam ex parte Arthury, quam Moddredy. The following names are from Geoffrey of Monmouth, bk. xi., chap. 2. See too Langtoft, i. 224..Þyse were þe lordes of renoun . Þat on Moddredes side ȝed doun: Brumyng, Egbright, Elays, Cheldryk, Gyllarion, Syllatel, Gylomar, Gylopayk.Gillasell. Gillomar. Gilopatrik. ¶ Þo þat deyde on Arthures syde, . Þat were lorn þat ilke tyde: Egbright of Norweye, Askyl of Denmark, Cador, & Cassibolon, doughti men & stark; & many oþer lordes lesoþer lese. þer lyf, . Many lady wydewe, þatMany widow þat ore. was wyf. Arthur was born til Aualoun I þe ȝer of þe Incarnacion ffyue hundred,Sis cens, Wace, ii. 231, l. 13,599. & two & fourty, Syn Iesu lyghte in virgynesen Ihesus lighted in. Mary. But al þe roialme wasffor þe regne men were. in speyr, ffor of his body was non heyr. De Rege Constantino post Arthurum. But Cadores sone highte Constantyn Of Cornewaille, Arthures cosyn, He tok hym þe roiame inHe bitauht him. kepyng; Vntil he cam, bad hym be kyng."Mais ainc puis Artus ne re|"vint," adds the MS. du Roy, 75153.3., Colb. Wace, ii. 232, l. 13,706. ¶ Of Moddred were two sones left/, Þat þe lond wold hym haue reft; Proude men & riche were þey; Þey seye þe force ȝede al awey, Þe gode knyghte þat þer ware, Were y-slayn, þe land was bare. Þey seye þat Arthur nought ne com; To haue drede þey nyste of whom; Þe newe kyng nought þey dredde, . But gadered folk, & hostes ledde,— Þo Saxons þat Moddred held, Þat ascaped vnslayn y þe feld,— To þem alle were ef[t]þei wer. alyed; . Þe kynges men ouer al þei spyed; Of Londone þat onlondon þei. sesed þe cite, & þe beste of alle þe contre; Þat oþer, Wynchestre & al þe schire, & wende haue benwend haf bien. lord & sire. ¶ Constantyn herde of þer estre, & hyed hym ȝerne vnto Wynchestre, & in a kyrke he hym fond. ffor al þe kirke ne wolde he wond; Byfore þe auter seint AnfrybalAmfiball. (Aufibal, MS. du Roi, 27; Amphibal, MS. du Roi, 73, Cangé: Wace, ii. 233, l. 13,727.) His hed he smot of quitly? quitly = quite. al;quikely smote his hede of all. And when þat on al þusWhan þe ton þus gate. was ded, On þat oþer, bataille he bed; But he ne durste nought hym abyde, In a kirke he gan hym hyde, But þat stod til hymhim till. no prow, ffor in þe kirke he hym slow. Þre ȝer holy was he kyng; At Stonhenge he madat þe stonhengis did. his endyng; ffor Conan his cosyn þere hym slow Treterously,—but y notþorgh treson .I. ne wote. how,— & in þe same stede ys leyd, Wyþynne þe carole,karolle (circle). þe story seyd.¶ De Rege Conano. After hym was kyng hishim kyng was þat. cosyn Conan, Þat was a folt, a mysproud man; Pes couþe he non ȝeme his lyue, But suffrede his folk ayto. fighte & striue. In cites was ay contek & tene,P. transposes these lines. Þe barons werrede þem by-twene;P. transposes these lines. His men & he were sonderseldom. saught, By stoundes often& oft tymes. to-gydere faught; Hit semed wel he couþe no god, . Syn he furdude his owen blod; Hys oþer Em tok wyþ werre & wow, & boþe his Emeseam. sones he slow, ffor þey were righte heires of þe lond, Þat after hym self of blod men fonde; Þer-fore he was þe more to blame,P. leaves out this line. Þat his owen blod so broughte to schame.P. leaves out this line. ffour ȝer he regned, & in tresoun, . & deide in dampnacion; He regned & dide,—hisdied in. feble hap,— And after hym regned sire Vortap; In þe Latyn ys writen þus,P. leaves out this line. Hys ryghte name ys Vortapus.P. leaves out this line.¶ De Rege Vortapo. In Vortapus time ryse Saxonesros þe sessouns. To haue wonne þe lond eft sones: Þer chaunce was god in þeir rysy[n]ge,tisyng. Gret skaþe þey dide vnto þe kynge. His secounde ȝer his grace cam, & hardinesse in herte he nam, Huyred souders, & gaf þem wages, & destruyed þe Saxons lynages, Þat non durste in his lond abide But þorow truage at terme & tyde. ffour ȝer he hadde þe lond in pees; At Londone he made his deces.De Rege Malgo. After hym cam his sonewas his cosyn. (ses niès, Wace, ii. 235, l. 13,764.) Malgo; Til alle manhede he gaf hym to; Alle men hadde of hym doute, He wan þe ildes ouer al aboute, & of kynges he tok feaute, As whilom hit was wonedwhilom was wont. to be; Of doughtinesse, of body feir,P. leaves out this line. He lyknede his auncestre als heir;P. leaves out this line. Of knyght-schipe noblelyknyghtschip nobilly. he proued; Alle his kynde ful wel he loued; Large he was, of ȝyftes bolde;gode. Tresor wolde he neuere holde; He let nought þat day to lyuen,P. leaves out this line. But he had som what of his gyuen,P. leaves out this line. Þat alle ofwith. hym were glad & blythe, . And þanked hym ful many syþe.þanked god for him oft siþe. His þrydde ȝer was yuelill. to lyke, He vsed þeȝede to. synne Sodomyke,— Þe synne of Sodome, as men fynde, . Is a sinne ageynes kynde;— At Wynchestre, at his baþynge, Sodeynly mad he his endynge.¶ De Rege Cariceo. After Malgo, Carice þei ches, A nyce þat louedenyce man luffed. no pes. ffor he was ai sorwful & wroþ, Þer-fore was he alle men loþ. Þat herde þe Saxons he was gremande,þe sessons herd he was gremiand (A.-S., gremian, to irritate, provoke) & þoughte he myghte nought dure ne stande. Ouer al aboute hym þey ros, & oþer aliens, Bretons fos, Þat come wyþ Gormound by þe se side. . Þe nauye of Gormound spredde ful wyde, He destruyed þe Bretons alle, & þer name for euere dide falle, And þe name of þe lond [was] lorn, Þat highte Bretayne longe byforn: A þousand ȝer byforeor. þe Incarnacioun Hight hit Bretaigne, for loue of Bretoun, Euere vntil Gormound cam; . Þe name of Bretayne þenne a-wey nam. Listneþ now a litel pas,P. leaves out this line. When Gormound cam, & what he was:P. leaves out this line. ¶ De Gormundo de Aufrico. Gurmound was a noble knyght, Of noble lynage, of mykelmykell of. myght, Stalworþe of body, hardy of wille,P. leaves out this line. He dredde noman for god ne ille;P. leaves out this line. Kynges sone he was of Aufryk, Þat is in heþenesse a ful fer stryk; Of al Aufrike was he heyr, But þer-of ne tok he ward nebot he was in anoþer. speir; ffor, Aufrik he gaf til his broþer, & seide he wolde purchace hym oþer, He seide he wolde toward þe west, By þe se syde, to make conquest, & croune wolde he neuere bere But he hit wan wyþ force &of. were. Merlyn þe clerk longe byforn Of Gormound spak, er he was born, 5& seide, 'þe wolf vpon þe se ' Schuld do alle þe Bretons fle:'55-5 Que ce seroit uns lus marins, Wace, ii. 237, l. 13,814. Þus seyde Merlyn wyþ herte ful sor, Þe Bretons tyme for euere mor, Til Cadwal & tilCadwaldre &. Conan . Þeir bones broughtewer brouht. ageyn wyþ man. ¶ fful wel he cald hym 'wolf of drede;' He robbed oueral as he ȝede. He purchased hym, þorow robberye, Men ynowe, & fair nauye,— An hundred & sextiCant et cinquante, Wace, ii. 237, l. 13,817. þousand bolde Of men of armes knowe &armes & bowmen. tolde, Wyþouten gelde & maryners, & sergauntz, & godeserganz gode &. archers;— Schipes he hadde, y ne wot how fele; Alle he tok, & non wold spele. Water & lond, long & brod, He ouer sailed, & al þorow rode; Ildes þorow ȝede, kynges ouer-cam,P. leaves out this line. Þeyr landes sesed, þer godes nam.P. leaves out this line. So longe he ferdefarde. o þe se sailand, & kynges slow by se & sand, Al holy his flute gan dryue, Vpon Irland he gan aryue;Irelend wild he ryue. Þe lond sone til hym gan falle; Irische kyng he dide hym calle; Þen seide he 'he wolde to Bretaigne, 'Wiþ Bretons to make a newe bargayne.'mak bargayn. Saxons were manie ȝyt in þys lond, . Þorow trewage þat men þem in bond, & when þey felde hem oughtfelt þam out. of might, In Hengistes landeshengist lond. þey claymed right, Thwancastre, Lyndesye & Kent, Of þyse Hengist furst hadde rent/, & þat he gaf Octa his sone,— By Scotland þer gan he wone;— Þey chalangede hit of auncestrie, . Al þat was Hengistes partie; Ofte þey wan hit þorow dynt, & often hit a-geyn þey tynt; Often þer-fore þey gaf hostages,P. leaves out this line. & also ofte made þey homages;P. leaves out this line. To þe Bretons oþ þey swor,P. leaves out this line. & often ageyn þer oþ þey for; Neuere held þey lenger feyþ ne ryght Þan þey sey tyme & terme oftill þei sauh tyme þat þei. myght,— Þat a kyng was ded or doune, Or ȝyf a feble on hadde þe croune;— Þenne þey ryse, on Bretons ronne, . Vmwhile þey les, vmwhile þei wonne; ȝyf a discord were bitwixt þe Bretons,P. leaves out this line. Euere medlande were þe Saxons;P. leaves out this line. On wham-so ros contek or wo,P. leaves out this line. . Þe Saxons were redy þeym to slo.P. leaves out this line. ¶ Northumberland was al þeyr home,P. leaves out this line. Þere þey wonede, þennes þey come;P. leaves out this line. Hit was gyuen þem first to bigge,P. leaves out this line. . Al wast was hit wone to ligge;P. leaves out this line. But þer dwellynge mended þat contreP. leaves out this line. Wel bettere þan hit was wone to be.P. leaves out this line. Of Gurmound ȝede þe word ful wyde, Þat alle landes he wolde þorow ryde; Payen he was, þey herde wel telle, Cristen men to struye &þe cristendom forto. quelle. When þey herde of hym þus speke, . Þey hoped þan he scholde þem wreke; Wyþ þe Bretons þei made al pes, Þe whilesto whils. messegers þey ches, & sente til Gurmound ouer þe se, & hette 'to holde of hym þer fe ' Wyþ þy he wolde come to Bretaigne, ' & gyue hit þem, & be cheftaigne, ' & be hym self lord & kynge, ' Wyþy þey helde of hym þeirþat. þynge, ' Þat leuede on his owen lawe, ' & brynge þe Cristene alle of dawe: " ffor ȝe ar Payen, & so ar we; " O lawe we wolde þat al schuldwild all on. be, " & swylk a kyng wolde we haue " Þat þe Payen lay mightlawe mot. saue." ffaste hym bisoughte, & þus þey hym het,him þei souht & þus þei hette. So þat Gurmound mad& Gurmund had. redy his flet, & seide 'he wolde auenture his chaunce, 'Hys Payen lay for to auaunce.' To schipe he wente at a tyde, O Northumberland he gan ryde. Gurmound acorded wiþ þe Saxons, ' To voide þe lond of alle þe Bretons, ' & gyue hit þe Saxons in fe ageyn.' Of þys made þey foreward certeyn, & þat þey schulde gyue hym truwage, & þer-til swore, & gaf hostage. Oueral þenne was sorewe & drede Whenne þe Payens gonnebigan. to sprede! ffor þey of noman hadde mercy, But alle deide delfully; Þe Cristen blod [þat] er was gentil,P. leaves out this line. Was turned to Payen so vyl.P. leaves out this line. Þe Saxons ledde þe Aufrykans, & destruyed þe Cristen wans;wanes. Knyghtes, clerkes, to deþ were don, & namely alle religion; Was non spared of Cristencristens. tonge, Neyþer womman ne childrenoure women no childir ȝong. ȝonge. Byschopes, abbotes, þat reliqes had, When þey fledde, a-wey þeym lad, & manye in þe erthe þey dalf, Þat now men fynde on many half;— Crosses, belles, men haue founden,P. leaves out this line. . In welles, in watres, vp haue wounden,P. leaves out this line. Þat tyme were casten, so to saue,P. leaves out this line. ffor þey myghte nought alle wyþ hem haue;—P. leaves out this line. Cors seyntes bones wyþ hem bare; . & hidde in erþe manion ȝut are. Alle fledde þat fle might; Þe hardiest was ful sore afright.all ofright. . Theof, þeTheon. Geoffrey of Monmouth says, bk. xi. § 10, that the Arch|bishop of Caerlion, with those of London and York, Theonus and Thadioceus, fled into Wales with their relics. Langtoft makes only Thon and Tadyke go, i. 230. He has the bishop eating herbs, l. 14,575, above. erchebischop of London, To wode he fledde, & was nought fonden; Sire Thadok, þe erchebischop of ȝork, He liuede in kerres, as doþ þe stork/; Þey liuede wyþ herbes of þe ryuers, . In wast, wyþ bestes, at stedes sers; Non þeym tok to castel ne tour, ffor þey wyste of no socour; Halles, chaumbres, alle þey let, To Walys fele fleddewale many fled. on fet. & somme þat mighte hauen hent, In schip to litel Bretaigne went/; Þe mene folk & þe poraille ffledde in to Walys & Cornewaille. ¶ Þe kyng fledde fro cost to cost, ffor he myght gete to-gedere non host Þat durste stande Gurmound agayn,The second a is an e altered. Erl, baron, knyght, ne swayn; Ne þe kyng durst hym nought se,P. transposes these lines. ffor non wilde stande, but alle wold fle.P. transposes these lines. Seint Bede telles in his gestesI cannot find anything like this in Bede. See note2, p. 510 below. . How þe Bretons brak Godes heste[s]:hestis. Why þat meschaunce gan on þemmischefe on þam gon. falle, In his bokes he writes hit alle. Of eighte

The MS. has also .viij. over the word, and a later red note at the side in Latin—

" ¶ Nota: ¶ consilium Iuuenum, " ¶ Latens odium, ¶ Singulare co| " modum destruunt regnum."

 þatAuht (for of eighte þat). he wrytes, y telle þe þre, . In stede of an autorite: Nota.. Propre profit, & pryue hate, ȝonge mennes conseil þey toke algate; ffor bybefor. alle þyse þre þey ches, . And mest þorow þyse, Bretayne þey les. ¶ Caricius, Rex Brutonum, versus est in fugam. Gurmound soughte faste & spyrede, Þe kyng to haue, mykelto mykell. he desyred; Carice to folewe, faste he spedde, . & euere Carice byfore hym fledde; To Circestre algate he wan, & Gurmound hym folewede, þeGurmund & ilk an. Aufrican, Byseged þe toun a ful long while, . & brente hit wyþ a queynte gyle. He telleþhe telles. (he = Wace; see vol. ii. p. 242; Geoffrey of Monmouth, bk. xi. ch. 8; Laȝamon, iii. 168.) first of a meschaunce Of kyng Lowys cosyn of ffraunce,— His name was cald Isambert— . He dide hym selue a folie apert; To Gurmound cam, & wyþ hym spak, His Cristendom fursok & brak, To venge hym on his em Lowys Þat hadde hym flemedfled. out of Parys. A deuel he was—þe soþe was sene— Tant fu lo chaitis decéus Et forsenés et mescréus. Wace, ii. 242, l. 13,941-2. Our God to fursake, Tant fu lo chaitis decéus Et forsenés et mescréus. Wace, ii. 242, l. 13,941-2. hys em to tene. ¶ Gurmound aspied oueral ilk estre How best he mighte bisege Circestre; Tentes & pauilons he sette, Engyns dide mak & fette; Þe toun he seged so straite aboute Þat þey wyþynne myght naught oute. Þey wyþynne ageyn þem kast, Wyþ tymber & ston þey closed þem fast,— Engines on walles þey hadde ynowe, . Out of carneles, arblastes drowe,—ll. 12,623-12,628. The Petyt MS. puts these lines after line 14,638. See next col. On dayes þey wroughte on þer clos, On nyghtes þey woke for þeir foos. Þough al þer clos wereþof all þer clos was. right god, . & skyle þey seyea skill þei sauh. & vnderstod, Þat atte laste,—nylde þey, wylde,—wild þe ne wild. Þe toun byhoued þemburd þam. nedly ȝelde; Þey wyste hit wel, & nought ne wende . Þe toun for euere þey mighte defende.mot þei not fend. Nought for þanfor þat þouht. þey were dismayed, ffor gyle al day þey were affrayed.

P. puts here two fresh lines, and then lines 14,623-28, above:—

neuer þe les þei hald þat þei mot haue. so long þe mot þer lyues saue. þe toun he seged all about þat þei within myght not out. þei within ageyn þam kast. with timbir & stone klosed þam fast. engynes on walles þei had Inouh out of kirnels alblastes þrewe.

þat god forsoke. ¶ Exe qualiter Villa Cirencestrie obsita est Þey wyþoute ofteof. þem assailled; Þe toun was strong, in veynfor nouht. trauailled. Þen sey Gurmound hit halp þemGurmund sauh it helped. nought, Þe sautes þat þey on hemhe on þam. sought, & longe byhoued þem þere to lyelong burd him þer lie. . Er he schold wynne hitor he wan it. wyþ maistrie. Castelsa kastell. aboute þe toun dide make, Bretaxed & carneled,bretaskes kirnelles. (a bretes|ques et à cherniax. Wace, ii. 243, l. 13,976.) þer-inne to wake. Isambert, þat on he tok, Þeyr estres for to spye & lok; An oþer he tok his owene barouns; Þe þrydde gaf he to þe Saxouns. Vntil hym self he made a tour; Þer-inne he lay, & held soiour, Þer-inne ȝede he vp & doun, And spied þe estres of þe toun. Þey of þe toun were bolde & stout, By tyme vmwhile þey camentymes vmwhile com þei. out Al armed, as men hardy, & dide þe Payens gret vyleny. By-twyxten þem was many a chace,many manace. & putte þer lyues oftedid þer lyues all. in grace; fful often dide þey many foulOf þei did þam many. chek, & often were þey in þe brek; On boþe sides, to wynne pris, . Boldely bede þey ilk oþer þe vys; But þey wyþoute were euere þe mo,P. leaves out this line. Ageyn to toune dide þem go;P. leaves out this line. per Gurmundum, & capta per Passeres. On eyþer half slewe þey manye aboþe half slouh many. man, . Of Bretons, Saxoyns, & Aufrican. When þey had dryuen þe Bretons in, Þe Walsche menþe walles. myghte þey nought wyn; Þe toun ful longe þer owen held. . Þe ost wyþoute leye in þe feld, & hadde destruyed al þe contre, ffourty myle aboute, && oþer þer next tuo or. þre. ¶ Audite iam quoddam Mirabile de cremacione Cirencestrie. But listneþ now a selkouþ Þat neuere er fel by norþ ne souþ, Ne neuere contreued in elde ne ȝouþe,P. leaves out this line. Ne conseil gyuen of mannes mouþe:P. leaves out this line. Þe Payens wyþowte leide nettes & lynes,laid many lymes. & sparewes toke al day by tymes; After þat, luytel notesAfter nottes. þey toke, & holede þem, þe kerneles out schoke; Þey dide y þe schelles,skellis. fyr & tunder, Brymston &Bronston. flax,—þys was a wonder,— & feste þem by þe sparewes fet;P. leaves out this line. At euen homward fleye þem let;P. leaves out this line. Þe sparewes fleye at euen to reste, Til houses þere þey were wonedþer þe wont. to neste; In eueses þey crepte, & in þe þakkes,eues þei crepte & in þak. & in hey & in corn stakkes;korn stak. Þe fir, þe tonder, þe brymstonþe tundir bronston & fire. hot, Kyndled on lowe, & vp hit smot. Þe Bretons wyst nought how hit brent, Ne on what manere þe fir was sent; Þey armed þeym alle redy to fight; Ouer feweour fo. þey were, & hadde no myght. Þe kyng þer in-to Walys skaped,See Geoffrey's account of the utter destruction of Britain, and his upbraidings against the Britons for their quarrels and sins: bk. xi. ch. 8, 9. & þo þat myghte, wiþ hym þeym raped;— Syþ herde y nought telle of whamwhom . . . . . bicom. Whiderward Carice by-cam;—whom . . . . . bicom. & right þusþusgate. Circestre was taken, Þat longe held þe Payens waken; & for hit was wyþ sparewes brent, Þo men þat þorow þe contre went, On Englische cald hit "Sparewes Toun," & Frensche men "Cite de Mischeroun,"on frankis Cite de moshon. (La cité as moissons, Wace, ii. 246, l. 14,033.) ffor to mene þe queyntise 6How hit was wonne, & on what wyse. ¶ When Gurmound had al ouer riden & ronne, & Bretayne til his hand al wonne, Þat no Breton66-6 how sparowes brent it & on what wise Gurmund stroied many cites. many hastels & cuntres. many heremytage & abbay. þorgh him wer brent & brouht away. & many fair toun mad wasten. þat neuer ȝit was bigged ageyn. in many tokne is sene.Quomodo diuidebat regnum. þat whilom ware now is all grene. Whan Gurmund þe lond all wonne. þe bretons ouer riden & ronne. þat non so hardy. durst hym abyde, . Ne ageines hym in bataille ride, To þe Saxons he gaf þe lond Þat he in Northumberland first fond. And ȝyfMS. ȝyt. P. if. dide Gurmound so, he dide right, He sykeredesikerd. þem byforn, & hight; & þo þat ȝerned Hengistes þyng, Þorow Gurmound hadde þer ȝernyng; ffor he gaf þeymþorgh Gurmund had þei. þe lond of Kent, Þat longe wyþ Hengistesþat fro Hengist. blod was went. A lynage of þe out ildes heout of þe Ildes. (de l'ydle [or des isles, MS. Reg., 20 A. xi.] joy|naunt à Saxonye: Langtoft, i. 232.) dide allye, Þat langed vntil Saxonie; Men þei were of gret honur, . & doughti for to stande in stour;— ' Anglysche' kalde þei alAnglis cald þei. þat kynde, To knowe where men mighte hit fynde;— Gurmound þe lond to þem hit gaf, . But þe oþere Saxoyns be þem ouer haf, & made Anglischeþam. souereyns for to be, ffor to holde hit& þei suld hold. of hym in fee; In Northfolk was first þer wonynge; . 'Estangle' hit hight for þer comynge; Anglys, þat contre first þey aught, & of Anglis, Estangle hit laught: Þus fondy in Maister Waces boke; . Of Peres of Langtoft also y toke, & of Gyldas þer-to y leyde, Right as Peres þer-of seyde; Of alle þre bryng y to place, . Gyldas, Peres, & Maister Wace. But þe Saxons acorded for no þynge Þat þe Anglys schuld be þer kyng; " Þey hadde wel leuere," þe Saxonsþei. seyd,? MS. sayd, with a altered from e or vice versâ. . " Þat þe lond were in partis leyd, " Þan þe Anglys of þe out ildes " Schulde be chef of alle þer gyldes."of þer Gildes. ¶ Diuisio Regni per Gurmundum, secundum Gyldas. Gurmound sey þey acorded nought, . He parted þe lond as hym best þought: In Kent a kyng ordeyned he,The following division of Eng|land into seven kingdoms, or a Hep|tarchy, is given by Langtoft, i. 230-2, and he says he took it from Gildas. & Caunterbury was þe chef cite; Southsex was þat oþer estre, . & þe chef toun was Chichestre;Cirecestre. Westsex þe þryddethr[i]d. of renoun,P. puts these lines after line 14,756. & Wyltone was þer chef toun;P. puts these lines after line 14,756. Middelsex þe ferþe founden, . Þe chef toun þanne was Lounden; Estangle þe fyfte kynge-riche,kingriche. Þer chef cite þenne was Norwiche;Northwiche. Southfolk langed allonged als. þer til, . Of Estangle hit ys þorow skyl. Þe syxte was Merce, now ys Lyndeseye, Þe hed toun þer to Lyncolne lay; Þe seue[n]þe roialme of rente & fe, . ffro Humber, al þe northe contre Vntil Scotland, als hit lys, & ȝork þer chef toun was of pris. In Gildas bok þus y fond, . Þat Gurmound parted Ingelond;departed þe lond. (Neither Gur|mond's name nor any division of England into seven parts is men|tioned in Gildas's Works or Life, or in Nennius. See too Sir F. Mad|den's note in Laȝamon, iii. 417.) Siþen vpon ffraunce he ran, To wynne hit, for Arthur hit wan. ¶ Declaracio Hystorie secundum Benedictum Bedam. Now haue þe Anglyshaf Anglis. þe seignurye, . Þat are þe kynde of Germenye. Þe Saxons als, þat now are on, Spred y þys reomes ilkon. Ilke a kyng desireddiuersed. his lawe, . Of alle myghte noman seye no sawe, So fele þer were now & now, What þey wroughte, couþe non sey how; But þat seynt Bede of þem alle seys, Elles schulde non haue knowe what weys, . Ne no story forto haue writen; But asbot þat. Bede has nothing about Engle and Scardyng below: see l. 14,820-3. seint Bede doþ vs to wyten Whilk were gode, whilke were elles; . And of byschopes al so he telles, Þat ȝe in his bokes rede; To telle hit here hit ys no nede; Hit were a degysediuers. þyng, . But whan þe lond was til oa. kyng. ¶ Longe after, þus write y fond, How a Breton chalanged þys lond: 'Engle,' þe story seyþ he hight, . And broughte a chaumpion for to fight,— 'Scardynk'Skardyng. highte þe chaumpioun Þat cam wyþ Engle þe Bretoun;— On al þe lond he sette chalange, . ffor his auncestres wolde he venge, & take vengeaunce of þe AnglysEnglis. Þat chased þe Bretons out of þys. Alle Anglys þysall þe Englis. Engle dredde . ffor þe grete poer þat he ledde. þys Engle sente vntil þe barouns, & alle þe kynges he made somouns, To holde of hym al her ryght, Or he schulde wynne hit of hem wiþþorgh. fyght, . Eyþer þorow pleyn bataille in feld, Or wyþ chaumpion staf & scheld. Þys Skardyng was ferly strong, . Als a geaunt gret & longe, Þat non for drede dyrst auntreauenture. on hym, So was he strong, mykel & grym. ffor drede of Engle & of Skardynge, . Þey maden Engle þer chef kyng; ffor þys Engle þys lond þus wan, EngelondEngland. cald hit ilka man. When Engle hadde þe lond al þorow, . He gaf to Scardyng Scardeburghe;Skarburgh. Toward þe northe, by þe see side, An hauene hit is, schipes in to ryde. fflayn highte his broþer, als seyþ þeso sais a. tale . Þat Thomas made of Kendale; Of Scarthe & fflayn, Thomas seys, What þey were, how þey dide, what weys. Mayster EdmondMaistre Edmunde. seis, as me mones, . Þat þe Engle hadde nyneteneþat Engle had Nien. sones. Þyse nynetene,þis Niented sons. after þe ffader deuis, Departed þe lond in nynetene partis.þis lond in Nienten. Of þo parties fond y non wryten, . But oa. partie þat y can wyten; Þe nynetenþeNientend. partie was þat þynge Þat langed to seint Edmond þe kynge: Þis ys þat oþer skyle y fond . Why hit was called Engelond,is cald Inglond. See p. 265. Als Maister Edmond þer-of seys, & as he seys, y seye þat weys; But of Ynge saw y neuere nought,See p. 264-5, l. 7533-5 above. She is described in the later fragment in Hearne's R. Glo'ster, ii. 732-3, and is Rowena and Hengist combined,— the heroine of Wassayl (p. 236-7, above), the Bull's-Hide and Thong|Castle (p. 263-4, here), and the slaughter of the Britons (p. 276-7). . Neyþer in boke write ne wrought; But lewed men þer-of speke & crye, & meyntene al-wey vp þat lye.maynten þat ilk lie. Mayster Wace telles his skyl:Wace, ii. 248, l. 14,083-94. ' Þe Englys were nought of o wyl ' Oa. kyng ouer þem to set, ' Ne for to be til on suget;ne be to him als suggette. ' But, þorow conseil of þem alle, ' Deuisede þe reomes as best wild falle. ' When ilkon hadde his porcion, ' Held hym kyng & bar coroun.' He acordes wyþ Gyldas; . As Gormond gaf hit, alsso. hit was. Mani a werre by-twyxte þem ros, & often were þey frendes & foos;& fele tymes frendes & fos. Þe strengest on þe feblestestrangest on þe wakest. ran, & ilk on oþer werre by-gan. Longe lasted al þat care, Þat o kyng þe chef coroune nono kyng croune ne. bare, Ne halewede kirke, ne messe songen, Ne child cristned, ne belle rongen. ffyue score ȝer, & seuene& som say. (Cent ans et plus, Wace, ii. 249, l. 14,125.) more, Þat non leuede on Cristescristen. lore. In alle þe fyue score ȝer . Was no storye write of her, ffor hit was al Payenie,P. leaves out this line. Þe certein couþe non descrie;P. leaves out this line. Ilk on oþer werre sought,P. leaves out this line. . & ilk in seruage oþer brought,P. leaves out this line. And ilk of oþer tok men in hold,P. leaves out this line. & ilk of oþeres men þey sold.P. leaves out this line. In al þys werre & al þys wo, . Marchauntz come ay to & fro, & boughte þe childre of þys lond, In stedes to selle þer þey hem fond; Þo þat were taken in hostage, Þey solde hem schipmen þat made passage. . So fair a kynde in al þys werd,werld . . . . . herd. Ne non so trewe þat men of herd, Als were þe Englys þat men of spyred, . Ne of no kynde men so desired; And marchauntz come mo childre to bye,P. leaves out this line. Rather þan oþer marchaundie,P. leaves out this line. & solde hem in londes dere,P. leaves out this line. . ffor þey were so white & clere.P. leaves out this line. Wel more oughte Englys loue

we Englis auh more luf. The side-rubric of the Petyt MS. is—

" De nobilitate, pulcritudine, & " honestate Anglorum; & de pueris " emendis ad Romam deductis."

 God, & drede, Þan any nacion orof. any lede, ffor a grace þat God haþ hem gyuen . ffor-by alle þo kyndes þat lyuen; Als fair are þe comune pedaille As þe lordynges & of entaille.& of þe entale. Giue Englische men euen kepynge, . Mete & drynke, & oþer þynge, Ys no man of so faires no man fairer of. colour, Ne so cler, ne of soNe so clene of. swete sauour. ¶ Interpretacio Anglorum secundum Sanctum Bedam. To Rome men ledde þem for to selle,— . & seint Bede so herdy telle,—See Eccl. Hist., bk. ii. ch. l, ed. Giles. To Rome, he seys, marchauntzMS. Marchaumtz. P. Merchanz. þem led, & solde þem þere, & forþ þem fed. Als þey to selle were often set, . On þem to se, þe folk wel let; Manie burgeses of þeburgeis of þat. cite Come þe faire childre to se. Amongamang . . . . . a. alle þo þat þyder nam, . Oamang . . . . . a. tyme seint Gregore wiþ hem cam; When he sey þo semly sitte,sawe þat semly sight. Wheþen þey were, wolde he wyt; ffor he seide þat 'he sey neuere er,sawe neuer are. . 'So faire childre of huyde ne her.of hide no haire. " Of what lond," seide he, "þis childre be?" Men seide, "of Bretayne, a fer contre." He seide, "fair folk ys þere-inne! . " Þer faces to se, hit ys gret wynne! " Wheþer ar þei Cristen," he seide,whedir be þei cristend. "or non?" " Þey are Paiens," þey seide, "ilkon." " Alas!" he saide, "so fair mankynde, . " Þat þe fend in pyne schal bynde! " So fare persones, so bright of ble,P. leaves out this line. " Þat in merknesse euere schul be!"P. leaves out this line. Þeyr kynde he asked, "how men þemhow he said þis kynd men. calle?" . " Anglys," þey seyde, "so het þey alle." " Angle!" he saide, "a name of grace! " ffor angeles ar þey lyke of face. " & wel oughte swylk be heires of heuene; . " Þer name ys Angle, Angel to neuene. " Of Bretayne þey are, ȝe tolde byforn: " What highte þe contre þei were inne born?" Þey seide, "y þe norþ side of aþe. schire; . " Þe contre men calles hit Deyire."Deire. " Deyire!" he seide, "ful wel sey ȝe; " ffro Godes ire þei schul falle & fle,Ire þei sall fle. " & be cald til his mercy, . " In blisse wyþ angles to wone hym by! " What hette þer kyng? can ȝe me telle?" " ȝe, sire,"ȝa sir. þey seide, "þeir kyng hight Elle." Seint Gregore at þat name low; . He seide, "þat name ys wel y-now; " fful wel," seide he, "certes, ȝa! " ffor hit bitoknes Aleluya; " Alleluya, a song of honour . " To worschipe Crist oure Saueour." Seint Gregore to þe popeto pape. ȝede, & preyedebisouht. hym for oure grete nede 'Þat he mighte to Bretayne wende, . '& Cristendom by hym þem sende; 'He seide his wille were wel þer-to 'ȝif þat þe pope wolde hit so.' But þe court wolde nought consent . Þat seint Gregore so fer went, ffor he was ablest, next popein lite next for. to be After hym þat held þo þe se. Whan he was pope, furgatpape forgat. he nought, . But on our nede ful wel he þought, & sente forþ hider seint Austyn. By þe Ilde of Tanete cam heat þe Ilde of Teneth he com. in, Þat ys þe est side of Kent: . In Tenet lond seint Austyn hent; ¶ De Parentela Ethelberty. And in þe tyme of his comynge, Of Kent EthelbrightEthelbert. (Aldebar, MS. du Roi, 27; Artelbert, MS. du Roi, 75153.3., Colb.: Wace, ii. 250, l. 14,141.) was kynge; And þe kynedam of Ethelbright, . Til Humber was he chef in right. Þis Ethelbright,Ethelbert. (Aldebar, MS. du Roi, 27; Artelbert, MS. du Roi, 75153.3., Colb.: Wace, ii. 250, l. 14,141.) as we fynde, He was of Hengistes kynde;Del linage as Englois estoit, MS. du Roi, 27; De linaige Han|guist, MS. du Roi, 73, Cangé: Wace, ii. 250, l. 14,142. Gurmond þen sesed in þat kyndam . Þe kynde þat of Hengist cam. Þyse wordes of seint Bede y tok/, Þe fifte chapitre of þe secoundecapitle of þe. bok; Þorow þat chapitrecapitle. It contains also the following genealogy, but does not name Gurmond. al y wyst . Bytwixt Ethelbright & Hengist. Hengistes sone, Oysk was his name, Kyng of Kent, & of noble fame; ffor fame of Oysk, of Kent þe kynges . Longe were þey cald Oysynges. Þis Oysk was noble, & so ferlyk, Hys sone men calde hym Oyrik; Octa cam of Kyng Oyryk, . & Octa sone highte Irumeryk;Irminerike. IrumerykesIrminerik. sone hight Ethelbright,— Þus, seiþ seint Bede, þe kynde ȝede right. Of Ethe[l]bright haue I told þe kyn; . Now turn ageyn to seint Austyn. Þe lengþe of þe Ilde of Tenet,þis ilde Teneth. Sex myle þen ys þe met,myle is it mette. & þre myle þen is þe brede, . By two weyes þat me wilþat men it. lede; & of þys ilde boþe endes Al aboute, þe se hit wendes. In to þys ilde seint Austyn cam, & ffourty felawes wyþ hym namThe MS. du Roi, 73, Cangé, of Wace, reads "Quarante clerc for|"ment prisié," but De Lincy's MS. du Roi, 27, has "Qatre clerc saive et enraisnie, (Wace, ii. 250, l.14,136.) The "qatre" may refer to the three bishops, Mellite, Just, and Laurence, of lines 15,159-61, below, with Rufinianus, Bede's fourth (Eccl. Hist., i. 29). Bede says here, nearly fourty men. This page and the next four are Bede's ch. 25, bk. i., expanded. Of Cristene & offrankis &. religions, To make Ethelbertþe kyng. somons 'Þat he scholde to Rome wende, . 'To knowe þe lyf wyþouten ende, 'Þat Ihesu Crist, Lord of myght, 'Þat in þe Virgine Marie lyght, 'And ys, & euere more schal be, . 'Sothfast God in Trynite.' When þe kyng wiste swilk men were comen, & in þe ilde hadde hauene inomen, Þat dide ne seide to noman ille, . He bad þey schulde leue stille, & be serued þat þem was nede Of mete & drynke, wyþouten drede, Til þat hym seluen cam þem to, . To wyte at hem what þey wild do. Þe kyng had herd seid wel byfornsay biforn. Þat Ihesu was of Marie born, & hadde y-taught a newe lawe; . Of-ten þer-of he herde in sawe; & his wyf was Cristen, In ffraunce born of Frenschefrankis. men, & in swilk foreward scheo hym took . Þat scheo hure lawe nought fursook/; Þat ladies name was Dame Berk/.Berke . . . . . clerke. Wyþ hure cam ouer a noble clerk/,Berke . . . . . clerke. A byschop þat highte Sire Leothard, . To holde his wyf þat foreward, 'Þe kyng schulde nought furdo hure feythe, 'Neyþer for loþ, lef, ne leythe.'noiþer for leue ne for laith. Þe kyng a day til Austyn set, . To come to þe Ilde of Tanet: Þe kyng durste come no couertcourte. til, But stod & bod vnder an hyl; Offor. wiche-craft he hadde doute, . Þer-fore of couertcourte. he held hym oute; In toune ne hous ne com he nought,P. leaves out this line. ffor drede of gyle þat mighte be wrought.P. leaves out this line. Þat his poer mighte hym be raftP. leaves out this line. . Þorow word or werk of wychecraft/;P. leaves out this line. Þus he hoped, & wel he wende, After hym þer-fore dide he sende. When his message til Austyn cam, . His felawes alle wyþ hym þeyhe. nam, & byforn hem dide bere a croys Of seluer, & alle wyþ o voysa voyce. Songen þey þe Letanie,Aduentus Regis ad Augustinum. Austyn & al his companie, . Þat Ihesu Crist woldesuld. þem here, ffor whamwhom. þey made þeir preiere. When þeyhe. come byfore þe kyng, . Seint Austyn made a prechyng, & seide, 'Seint Gregore til hym he sent, 'ffor hym & his amendement, 'And somoned hym þer for to come . 'To Cristes lawe, þe lawe of Rome.' He tolde hym of þe Incarnacion, & sithen of al his passion, 'How Ihesu tholede woundes fyue, . '& deide, & ros fro deþ to lyue, 'And steysteih. til heuene, God & man, 'Til oure kynde þe blisse vshe. wan; 'And how he ys ful of mercy, . '& til ilka synful man redy, 'Þat in god hope til hym wil calle: 'Til his blysse he brynge vs alle!' ¶ De Responcione & curialitate Regis. When þys prechyng was [all]all. don, . Til hym seide þe kyng ful son: " ffaire are þy wordes, & swete, " & þy byhestes þow vs byhete!& þe hotes þou dos vs hete. " & þat þy God ys milde of mod, . " Als þou seide, y vnderstod. " But for ȝe aren ȝuter ȝit. so newe, " & non of vs ȝow neuere knewe, " Þer-fore ȝit y ne may . " Letenleue. oure forfadres lay, " Þat we longe on haue y-leued, " & til oure Godes þer-inne y-cheued; " And ȝoures ȝit we nought ne knowe; . " Þer-fore we schul bydensall bide. a þrowe; " & ȝe are of so fer contre, " And als pylegryms, so seme ȝe, " Vs þys newe lawe to preche. . " And ȝyf hit be soþ þat ȝe teche, " And amonges vs [þat ȝe] wil lende, " Y schal nought be to ȝow vnhende; " Takeþ ȝour wonyng wher ȝe wyle, . " & þat yow falleþ to haue in skile; " And alle þo þat ȝe may wynne " Til þat lawe þat ȝe bygynne, " I graunte ȝow my wille fre, " ȝyf hit be sike[r]certeyn. þat y may se." . Þe kyng þem graunted at þer comynge, I þe cite to make aþer. biggyng,— Dorobermaor Dorobernia. þe cite þen hight, . Þat Caunterbury now cald ysNow Canterbirie is þe name. right;— He dide þem haue swichehaf suilk. purueaunce Þat neded forfell vnto. þer sustinaunce. To preche þe folk he werndewarned. nought, . But do as good[e] þem by-þought.as þam gode þouht. ¶ To þe cite þey come singand; Þe cros byfore, men bare in hand; A table þey broughte þeym bytwyx,— . Þer-on purtraiedpurtreite. a crucyfix,— & þe Letanie þei songe Alle wyþ o voys & o tonge; Þer-wyþ þey seide a fair anteme, . Ihesu Crist al for to queme:

.¶ Deprecamus te, Domine, in omni misericordia tua, . vt auferatur furor tuus & ira tua a ciuitate . ista, & de domo tua sancta, quia peccauimus. . Alleuya!

" Of merci, Lord, we preye to þe, " Do þy wrathþe from þys cite, " And fro þy holy hous al-swa! . " ffor our synnes we singefor we haf synned. Alleluya!" Alleluya ys forto seye,P. leaves out this line. 'Make me saf, God, er y deye!'P. leaves out this line. In þat tyme þat y now rede— . Þe date was, as seyþ seint Bede,Eccl. Hist., bk. i. ch. 23, says A.D. 582 (for 596). ffyf hundredMS. thundred. P. fyue hundreth ȝere. & four score, & foure ȝeres mo byfore,— In þys date was an Emperour,— . Maurice he highte,—þat bar þe flour. Þre & fifti ȝer Emperour had he benP. leaves out this line. Syn Augustus was Emperour sen.P. leaves out this line. Þys Maurice þat y of telle her,P. leaves out this line. . He rengned on and twenti ȝer;—P. leaves out this line. I telle ȝow now of hym story,P. leaves out this line. ffor in his tyme was seint Gregori:P. leaves out this line. Y þe tenþe ȝer als rengnedIn þe tende ȝere as regned. he, . Seint Gregore tok þe dignete, & was pope þryttypape þrittene. ȝer, Syx monthes, & ten dayes ser. In his tyme com seint Austyn; . Byforn had Saxons woned her-in An hundred & fifti ȝer, And were heþene, alheiþen ilkon plener, ¶ Rex baptizatus est a biscopo Augustino. Syn ffortiger [tyme] þattyme þat. Hengist cam, Til þat seint Austyn broughte Cristendam.— . Seint Austyn hadde þere wonynge Good while erLong ar. Lines 15,121-44 are from Bede, bk. i. ch. 26, (A.D. 597). Then, to l. 15,178 is from Bede, bk. ii. ch. iii. he cristned þe kynge, & ȝede & prechedto preche. oueral aboute. . Til his prechyng manion gan loute; Þey sey his lyf honestesauh his life faire. & clene, & euere milde, wyþouten tene; Many miracle þey seye hym wirke. . But þat tyme was þer no kirke, But a chapel wyþoute þe toun, Syn þe tyme of þe Bretoun.— Syn þe Romains hadde þys lond,P. leaves out this line. . Was þe chapel þat þey þer fond.—P. leaves out this line. Þe chapel was of seint Martyn: Of-ten þe folk wyþ seint Austyn Wente þyder wiþ hym þe feyþ to lere, . Matines & messe for to here. Tyl þe kyng wel vnderstod Þat his lawe was trewe & god, He dide hym cristne, & alle hyse, & was god sithen til Godes seruise. A kyrke he ordeyned y þat cite I þe name of þe Trynite;Of the Saviour: but on its third restoration by Lanfranc, of the Trinity. Madden, in Laȝamon, iii. 419. Right als seint Austyn wylde, . Al his wille þe kyng fulfilde. Þe kynedam of sire Ethelbright,P. leaves out this line. Vntil Humber was his right.P. leaves out this line. At Londone anoþer kyng gan wone, . Ethelbrightes sister sone; Saberk þen was his name, Dame RytulaRicula. highte his dame; O þys half Temyse was his enpire, . Of Est Essexof Estsex. he was al sire; But al þe kyngdam þat Saberk held, A-cheued vntil Ethelbrightes scheld. Þre holy men of religioun, . Wyþ seint Austyn had gret renoun, & for godnesse wel ys to wytenP. leaves out this line. Þer names of þo þat ar writen;P. leaves out this line. Sire Mellite highte þat on, . Sire Iust was loued of many on, Sire Laurence highte þe þrydde;Bede, bk. i. ch. 29, adds Rufi|nianus, and says that Pope Gregory sent them. Alle were þey bischopes, als bytydde; Mellite was bischop of Londone, . Þer was þe se of Bretone. Þe Est Saxons wyþynne a lite Were cristned þorow Mellite; Sire Ethelbright dide hym wyrke . Seynt Poules mynstre to ben his kyrke. Syre Iust was bischop y þat estre Þat we on Englische calle Roucestre; Byforn hit hadde a name selly . In Breton, Dorciberni; But þenglische, when þey first came, Roffa þey caldyt, after a name; And syþen for Rof, Rofchestre teld; . Sire Iust þe byschop-riche held. Sire Ethelbright, þorow grace hym grew, Wrought hym a kyrke of seint Andrew. Laurence was byschop after Austyn;Bede, Eccl. Hist., bk. ii. ch. 4. . He dide hym doun, & Laurence in. Seint Austyn, to preche he ȝede,Wace, ii. 251, l. 14,151. In Ihesu Cristes werk/ to spede; Clerkes ordeyned, kirkes dide make, . Þat þe Paens dide doun schake. When he hadde al þat cost Brought to Cristendam al-most, Toward RouchestreDorecestre, Wace, ii. 251, l. 14,161. Dorchestre, Laȝamon, iii. 184. he tok his weye, Godes worde for to seye. Byside RouchestreDorecestre, Wace, ii. 251, l. 14,161. Dorchestre, Laȝamon, iii. 184. y þe londe, South est þethen,Devers nort, Wace, l. 14,164. a folk he fond Þat to Godes werkword. gaf no tent, . Ne no grace in þem non hent; But þere he stod þem to preche, & þer sauacion for to teche,reche. Byhynd hym on his cloþes þey henge, Righe taillesRigh tailes. (keues de raies, Wace, ii. 252, l. 14,172.) on a strenge.Qua de causa Anglici vocantur Caudati. When þey had don þat vyleny, Þey drof hym þennedrofe him þien. wyþ maistri; ffer weys þey gan hym chace, . Tailles þey casten in hys face. Þys holy man God bisought, ffor þey hym þat vileny wrought, Þat on þem & on al þer kynde, . Tailled, alle men schulde hem fynde. And God graunted al þat he bad, ffor alle þat kynde tailles had,— Tailles hadde, & tailles haue;P. leaves out these lines. This miracle is not in Geoffrey of Mon|mouth, (Wace, ii. 253). It is pro|bably from tradition, or William of Malmesbury's De Gestis Pontificum. See Sir F. Madden's capital note in Laȝamon, iii. 419. ffro þat vengaunce non may þem saue.—P. leaves out these lines. This miracle is not in Geoffrey of Mon|mouth, (Wace, ii. 253). It is pro|bably from tradition, or William of Malmesbury's De Gestis Pontificum. See Sir F. Madden's capital note in Laȝamon, iii. 419. ffor þey wyþ tailles þe godeman schamed, ffor tailles al Englische kyndeþe englis kynd. ys blamed; In manie sere londes seyd, . Of þo tailles we haue vmbreyde.vpbraid. When þys godeman was þenne ascaped,— Þe schame to haue, þer kynde ys schaped— Til o valeye he fledde þo fyle[s],a valeie he fled þo files. ffro Rouchest[r]e hit ys manieis fyue. (a Dorecestre deus loés, Wace, ii. 253, l. 14,193.) myles; Bytwyxt two valeyes to þe northe west, At a hil he gan hym rest. Wery he was, for fer gon, So were his felawes euerichon;ilkon. & þe grete hete þem greued, & þe folk þat misbileuedAls þe folk þat . . . . . misleued. Had don hym so foul despit, Boþe he þoughte, & seide ful tyt, Þat he wolde make hym al ȝare, & fro þat wikked folk wild fare. But Ihesu Crist wolde hit nought; He spak til hym, for he so þought: " Let al þatleue all þi. þought ilkadel, " & trist opon myn help right wel! " Þou art my seriaunt, & paies me; " Þy þought & dede, wel y hit se; " Of mi grace to þe y graunte, " Þat þow dost, y holde couenaunte; " Heuen ys open to þe redy,P. leaves out this line. " And for wham þou askest merci."P. leaves out this line. When seint Austyn had sen & herd God of heuene þat hym answerde, He þanked hym of his swete grace, An[d] kneled doun in þat place, & kyste þe erthe fele sithe; He grette for ioie, so was he bliþe. When he had longe preied & gret, . Doun y þe erthe his staf he set/; Þer right as he seyþer where he saw. þat sight, He pighte his staf þer doun vpright:fitched his staf down right. & þer of þe erthe a water spronge Þat ys now a ryuer longe, & neuere byforen was non sen, Ne no man wonyngwonand. had þer ben; ffor noman mighte liue ne dwelle . Wyþoute ryuer or water of welle; & for þer was non neuer byforn, Was þe contre wast & lorn. ¶ Quare vocatur Cernel. Seint Austyn gladed his felawes . Of Godes sight & of his sawes; & for [he] hadde sen right þerfor he had sene þere. Þe sight þat he saw neuere er, ' Cernel' he caldeChernel ha cald. Said to be Cerne Abbas in Dorsetshire. Mad|den in Laȝamon, iii. 419, &c. þat ilke stede, ffor he saw God, & herde his bede. ' Cerno' ys on Englische, 'y se;' ' El' ys Ebrew, 'God' schuld hit be;

For the next two lines P. has—

Cernel þis word may be trod I. sawe or .I. se god. Saint Austine did it write. þat he sawe god wele is to wite.

 Do to-gyder Cerno & El, Þat ys called Cernoel. When Englische menEnglis. & Saxons— ffirst þe kynge, þen þe barons,— Hadde receiued þe bapteme, & children also crystned in creme, Mykel ioye seint Austyn mad, & þanked God wyþ herte glade. Toward Walys, Bretons he fond, Ageyn þe EnglisheEnglis. defended þer lond, Ageyn al þe EnglischeEnglis. poer, Monke, abbote,Monkes Chanons. & seculer. Þorow Gormound þe EnglischeEnglis. had hit wonne, . & ouer þe Bretons riden & ronne, & in to Walys dide þem chace, Þer þey wonede, biggand a place. Þo religious whilom wer her, . Þen woned þey þor in stedes ser. Of þo ilke religiousesreligious. ffond seint Austyn many houses,a hous. Abbote, monkes, wyþoute vitaille, . Þat lyuede alle on þer trauaille. Seuen bischopes seyfond. he þere, Þat in Walys wonynge were; An erchebischop of gretmore. degre, At Kerlion was þenne þe se; At Bangor al-soals. was an abbeye Of blake monkes, but none greye; Two þousand, þat was þer lot, Þeyr abbot highte sire Dynot. Þyse two þousand, at here deuis,þise Monkes at þer auys. Were departed in seuen partis; Þre hundred were euere in ohundreth were in a. couent Vntil labour set & sent/; But on to lyue, had þey nought But by þer trauail þat þey wrought. ¶ De comitiua Monachorum in Bangor qui noluerunt Augustino obedire, sed omnino eum renuerunt. Seint Austyn for þe bischopLes set évesques, Wace, ii. 256, l. 14,276. sente: To wite his wille til hym þey wente: He seyde 'he was of Rome legat, ' & of Ingelond þe prymat, " Þer-fore ȝe oughte þorowauh þorgh. reson " Of me receiue þe benisoun, " & be bowynge vntilbowand vnto. (Et estre en sa subjesion, Wace, l. 14,281.) me." Alle þey seyde þat schulde nought be: " Oure prymat, of Kerlion es; . " He ys our heued, he schal vs bles; " He ys confermed of þe Court of Rome; " We nyl stande at non oþer dome; " & for Englische mennesEnglis men. sake, . " Ageyn þe oughte weageyn vs auh. to take; " Þaw a party reson hit wolde,P. leaves out this line. " Ageyn þe Englische we oughte holde;P. leaves out this line. " ffor þey vs chasedcached vs. out of our fees, " & wone wyþ wrong in oure contres, " & we Bretons ar Cristen men, " & þey are of lawe Paen, " & now late conuerted are. " Oure vilenie certesfor sothe. hit ware " ffor to be to þeym suget, " & lateleue. hym þat has vs get. " Þo we holde for oure enemis " Þat haþ þem brought to swilk[e] pris; " We wile neyþer of þem ne þe " Comune wiþ-al, ne blessedcomon with all no blissed. be." Seint Austyn seyde namore;— . Þer yuel wil þem ouer-þoughtewikked will him forþouht. sore;— Til Ethelbright he turnde agein, & telde hym how þey hadde disdeyn To bowe ought to þe Englischebouwe on to þe Englis. (For lines 15,329-3, Wace has "Al roi Aldebar le mostra," ii. 257, l. 14,305.) blod, Or til any þat wolde þem god. Þe kyng wrathed þer-wyþ-al, & seide til Austyn, "fonde y schal " Þat oure kynde, þat now are ayres,ere heires. . " Schal do þem bowe, maugre þayres." He sente his sonde þenne als so quik/ In to þe northe, to þe kynge Ekfrik,Ekfrith. (Elfroi, MS. du Roi, 27; Elfrit, MS. du Roi, 73, Cangé: Wace, ii. 258, l. 14,308.) & bad hym come wyþ alle hyse Þat til hym dide any seruise, & telde how '[þey]þei. of Kerlyoun ' And þey of Bangor, wyþoute resoun ' Han despised al þer kyn, ' ffor þem forsaken seint Austyn, ' Ne til hym nold bowe on none wyse, ' But al for vs gan hym despise.' He sente aboute for alle þer kyndell. 15,344-15,347. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. Of þe Englische þat þey might fynde. At Leycestre made þey somonynge,samnyng. Of southesouht. & northe, ilka kyng; Terme þey sette to make þem ȝare So forth in to Walys to fare. Brochivailor Brochmail, or Brochinail (Brocival, MS. du Roi, 27; Bro|china, MS. du Roi, 73, Cangé Wace, ii. 258, l. 14,327). wyþ þe Bretons held,De Comite Leycestrie. Of Leycestre he bar þe scheld; He had don þe Bretons somoune . Þorow þe contre, fro toun to toune, Ageyn þenglischeþe Englis. for to go. But þe Bretons were al to fo; Brochiuail was þer desconfit; Til a wode he fledde ful tyt, & his men were slayn al doun; Þe kyng Elfryk wan þe toun. Monk & heremite, ilk a tail . Þat hadde þer hope on Brochiuail, Alle were þey don to swerd, Lered & lewed, al solewed & lered mad ferd. ferd.De Occisione Monachorum. Þe monkes þat were ofat. Bangor Bysoughte þe kyng wyþ herte sor Þat he wold haue on þem mercy, & of þe kirke saue þe clergy; Þey preied alle, monk & clerk, Chanon, heremite, man of werk, Riche & pore, alle barefot. ffor al þer preiere fond þey no bot; On hem were þe Englische ful feloun, Þe ouer hand hadde, fel als þe lyoun, Monk ne clerk wolde þey non spare,P. leaves out this line. ffor þe[y] byforn vnbuxom ware;P. leaves out this line. Of prest ne clerk gafmad. þey no kep, Namore þan wolf doþ of þe schep; Ouer mykel was þeir ire, Of so fele to make martire; Two þousand, & two hundred mo, So manie of þem dide þey slo. Syn seide þey þat þey wolde wende, Bangor to struye, & brynge til ende; But ȝit þey seide þey wilde abide, . To purueye þeym when þey woldsuld. ryde. ¶ De Morte Augustini Anno Domini .Dc.iiijto. See Bede's Eccles. Hist. bk. ii. ch. 3To Caunterbire cam seint Austyn, Þer he deide, & made his fyn; He deide ȝyt er seint Gregori, . A ȝer byforn, als seyþ þe story; þe date of Crist, to telle fro, Sex hundred ȝer, & foureMS. fyue; but see line 15,398, and lines 15,403, 15,406. P. has rightly four. mo; In his liue was his ordinaunce, . In his stede bischop Laurance. When seint Gregore passed his lyue,P. leaves out this line. Þe date was sex hundred ȝer & fyue.P. leaves out this line. When Ethelbright had regned her . In Kent syx & fifty ȝer, He was byried ful solempnely,sollemly. & dame Berke was leidis laid. hym by. Twelf ȝer after sent Austyn . Lyued Ethelbright er he made hys fyn; Þe date of Crist þus fele to mene,neuen. Sex hundred & euen fiftene.& sextene. . Ethelbrightes sone highte Edbalde, Þe righte feyþ wolde he nought halde; His wikkednesse ys to mene; To Iust & Mellite dide he tene; He & Sygbertes sonessegbert sons. þre, . In to ffraunce dide þem fle. Edbal, þorowEdbald þorgh. a vision He knew wel he had mis-don, & þorow þe byschop Lauraunce . He hadde on Crist god affiaunce. Þre of Sygbertes sonesSegebert sonnes. were slayn, Þe bischopes come to londe agayn. Wace, ii. 260, l. 14,365.Bretons of Walys herde wel how Þat þe Englische þeEnglis þer. monkes slow; Þey gadered þem to consail Howfor. to venge þat tyrpayl. Þre noble men were in þat cite, . Þo þre made a gret semble; Þo þre weren alle kynges, & of þe Bretons lordynges: Bledryk, of Cornewaille was sire, & lord ouer al Deueneschire,Lietesire, MS. du Roi, 27; Nevesire, MS. du Roi, 73, Cangé: Wace, ii. 261, l. 14,372. Als þe water of Ex rennes ffro þe hed,—þer men hit kennes,— Vnto þe se þer hit gos yn; Longe helden hit þe Bretons kyn, Euere til Adelston cam; He dide þat kynde mykel scham.ll. 15,429-15,434. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. ¶ Of Northe Walys, Cadwan was kynge, & Mergadu of Southe Walysof south wales Margadu was. lordyng; Al was hit þeires vntilwas þeirs vnto. Seuerne, Byside þe hille of Maluerne. But Athelstan, þorow force & eye, He drof [þem] byȝonde þe water of Weye.Drofe þam biȝond þe water a weie. Bledrik, Margadu, & Cadwan, Ost þey gadered of maniamanya. (Cp. manion, the on and a being treated as part of the ad|jective.) man. Englische,Englis. Saxons, þey assailled, & þe EnglischeEnglis. þem sore trauailled. Elfrik was wounded, þe deþþat. he dredde, In feld[e] he gaf bak, & fledde; ffele of his were þere slayn, . But he ascaped wyþ gret payn:— (Sire Bledryk of Cornewaille, He was slayn in þat bataille);— No wonder þey hym yuel bitid,þof him ill bitide. . He had no mercy þat mercy cryd.cride. Of þe monkes y telde biforn; Wyþoutewithouten. mercy were þey lorn. Syre Cadwan & MargaduCadwan Rex Brytonum. Gadred hostes, & bostes blew; To Leycestre boþe þey went, & helden þere a parlement. Þorow comun conseil of elde & ȝyng, Ches þey Cadwan þer kynge. Þenne bolded faste þe Bretons, & CadwanMS. Cadwam. sente aboutehis. somons To þe EnglischeEnglis. kynges in alle contres . On þys half Humber þat held þer fes, & 'but þey wolde til himMS. þem. P. wild to him. (þem might stand for þe Bretons of l. 15,461.) cheue, 'On oþer halue he schold þem greue.' Tranquillitas facta est inter Reges.(Written along the top of this page (66) of the MS.) Þey seye hit was non oþer bote; Þey come & fullefell. Cadwan to fote, Þat ys to seye, made hym feaute, & he þer alder chef schuldaller chefe to. be;— I hope al com þem þat wo, . ffor þe monkes þey dide so slo.— Cadwan seide he wolde passe Humber, Elfrik to struye & to comber;Elfrik for to bring to komber. Northumberland al wold he struye,he wild destroie. & al þer kynde for þem scholdkyng [with a little d over the g] for him. noye, Oþeroiþer. in bataille he schold hym slo, Or do hym fle þe reome fro. Elfrik herde his manace, . How to wo he wolde hym chace; He assembledgadred togidir. his barons Þat Englische were, & þe Saxons.Englis wer & sessons. Grete ostes were on ilka syde: Wise men þer were dide þem abyde,Li gentil home del païs, Wace, ii. 263, l. 14,423. & ilkon seyde his auis Þat frendes hadde on boþe partis: " ȝyf þyse kynges to-gidere smite, " Þe sorewe til fele wyl nought be lyte; " Non of vs schal neuere moreP. leaves out this line. " Þe grete los ageyn restore;P. leaves out this line. " Þer-fore y rede we fonde to abate . " Þys kynges wrathes, þer ire &wrath þat now is. hate." & so þey dide right als þey redde; ffrom on til oþer so wel þey spedde, Þat þey boþe grauntede þe pes; To make hit syker, ostage þey ches. Al þer richesserightes. for to saue, Þey sette þe lond, what ilk schuldewilk it suld. haue: ffro Humber, northe, Elfryk schuld be, Cadwan fro þeþen alfro þien. þe southe contre: Þus was departed ilka scheld, & þat pes ful wel þey held; ffor neuere was loue of lordynges So mikel as was bytwyxt þo kynges; Þat þet on hadde, þey hadde hit bothe,P. leaves out this line. Noþyng mighte make þem loþe;P. leaves out this line. Wyues þey toke, þer loues to ferme,boþe at a terme. Two sones had þey at o terme;þei had þer luf to ferme. Elfrykes sone highte Eadwyn, Cadwanes sone highte Cadwalyn; In o ȝer were þey born. ffor þe pees schold nought be lorn, Dide þey þer sones to-gedere ȝeme; Þat þe ton þat oþer schulde queme, In on þei were clad & fed, Of o maister lered & led; & when þey were waxen on elde,P. transposes lines 15,517-18. Armes to bere, & wepnebere wapen. to welde,P. transposes lines 15,517-18. & þem self wyþ wit couþe lede, Scheld to bere, & ride on stede, In to Bretayne dide þem sende, ffor whi þer loue schulde moreFaithly þer luf to. amende; ffor þer was Cadwanes kynde, . Of Maximiens conqueste,conquest of Maximian. we fynde; Þere were þey knyghted boþe to-gyder, & dwelled þer til þei come hider. When tyme was þer fadres schuld deye,De Morte Regum. By messegers þei herditherd. seye; . Ouer se þey hadde passage, & receyued þer heritage. ffrendes þey were þe firste two ȝer, Als þer fadres loueden her,lufed here. & helde þer landes als þey or lay Departed by þer fadres day; Eadwyn fro Humber northward, Þe southe was Cadwalynes part;— But Cadwalyn had mo & betere cites, & larger londes and rentesof rent. & fees Þan Edwyn hadde, by mikel þynge; . Þe southe þer-fore was chef kynge, & coroune bar ouer þem ilkon, & alle þe oþere schulde bere non.Coronacio Cadwalini. At Cadwalynes coronement, Alle kynges til his feste went. Sire Edwyn þere hym by-þought,Australes semper dominabant Boriales. Cadwalyn of a bone bysought, & preied hym þat he mighte be Wyþ leue corouned in his contre. . Þys bisoughte þe kyng Eadwyn, To haue leue of Cadwalyn. ' Conseil,' seid Cadwalyn, 'he schuld take; ' Als conseil gaf, so schulde men make; " But y schal wite what ys to done, " & þou schalt haue answere rightan ansuere. sone." Afterward, no þrowe neno while. was, Þei mette atte water of Douglas, To conseille þem, & to wyte How þat þyng best mighte site. Bytwyxt þem was þe water, y wene, & messegers ȝede ay by-twene. Manie skiles forþ were cast, How hit mighte be mad studefast. As Cadwalyn of his hors doun lyght, An heuinesse, a&. gret vnmight, On Cadwalyn gan to lepe, Þat nede most he þer rightnedely behoued him. slepe, Brian kept hym als he lay, Hys cosyn, þat was inkosyn & had. (ses niès Brians, Wace, ii. 266, l. 14,505.) gret affray Of 'þat þat Edwyn hadde bysought, ' Þat neuere or byfore was wrought, '& now wil graunte swyche a foly, . 'To lowe his stat þat or was hey.' & als he his lord kept/, Ouer hys heued ful sore he wept, Þat wyþ þo teres þat he let, Made he þe kynges hed alhis lord hede. wet. ffor sorewe & sobbynge, Brian quoke, So þat his lorde þer-wyþ a-woke, & he byheld Bryan fast. . Þe kyng had wonder, & was agast:ogast. " Brian," he seide, "what tydinge now? " What eilesteiles. þe? why gretes þow?" " No wonder," seyd Bryan, "þaw y grete, " ȝe ar in wyl ȝour worschip to lete. " In no kynges tyme here byforn " Was þe croune so mykel or lornmykell lorn. " Als hit ys now in point to be; " How hit schal turne, wel y hit se. " Of oure auncestres, ilka Bretoun " Byfore alle oþere bereof all holy had. þey þe croun; " & now y drede hit schal nought.I. hope it sall not. so; " Þat or was on, now schal be two. " Þe hole coroune þat or had on, " ȝyf hit be two, y telle hit gon. " Þyse Englische sc[h]ul haueEnglis sall haf. so gret pride, . " Þat wo schal waxe on ilka syde; " ffor þer kynde so rystkynde rises. on heyghte, " Þat non of oures dar wyþ þem feighte; " Syn Malgo tyme was no kyng . " Þat myghte of hem wynne any þynge; " & now ys Edwyn so wel wyþ þe, " Coroune to bere, þer non schuld be. " & y se ȝe þenke nought . " What þey til oure kynde han wrought: " Þey slowe þe kyng Aurelius, " & so þey þenke þat þey schul vs; " And certeinly ful wel þey may, . " ffor Bretons power gos faste away; " Syn Arthur deyde here byforn, " Þe scheld of Bretayne has ben lorn." ¶ Cadwalanus dixit Bryano. Þe kyng listned what Bryan seide, . & in his herte ful wel hit leyde: " ffor þyng þat þou hast greten sore, " So schal hit tyde neuerso ne sall it tide no. more. " Þat hol was, hol schal byleue, . " Þe hole coroune non schal meright croune sall .I. not reue. reue." Til Edwyn he sente bode hastif, 'Þat als he wolde his loue & lyf,as he will in luf haf life. 'He schulde namoresuld no more. þer-of speke, ' Þe coroune wolde he neuere breke, ' Ne his conseil wolde nought consent ' To suffre non oþer corounement/; ' Hit were neyþer reson ne lawe, ' Þat on was, by elde dawe, ' & now schulde be gyuen to two, ' So for hym schuld hit neuere go; " Hit schal ben hol, alssall be hole þat. now ys; " ffor/ me ne schal hit neuer be less; " Ne here no lenger wyl y lende, " But in to Walys wil y wende." ¶ Eadwyn was ffel & proud; Til hys messager he seyde a loud:o loude. " Schal y neuere eft hym byseke, " Ne þer-fore bowe, ne be meke; " Swilk ffraunchise y schal hauefrenschip .I. sall haf. here, " & als he haþ, þe same manere." Cadwalyn seide, 'but ȝyf he left, ' Wyþ force hit schulde ben hym refte.' On þys manere parted þey boþe, & neuere frend, but euere wroþe. Edwyn þer-on was ful brym, To ȝork he ȝede, & coroundedcrouned. hym. Als Cadwalyn was in Wales, . Of þys was teld hym many tales, Þat Edwyn for þys despit Dide hym coroune al so tyt.MS. tys. P. did croune him so tite. Cadwalyn herd hit sone seye;whan kadwalyn herd it say. Til Humber wiþ host he tok þe weye, & on Edwyn gan to renne, Men to slo, tounes to brenne. Edwyn he þoughte desherite, . & ȝyf he mighte, his heued of smite; But Edwyn was of ful gret wille, He wolde nought fle for drede newild fle not for dede no. ille, Ne he wolde neyþer trewenouþer wild he treus. ne pees; Bataille he wolde, & þer-to ches. Wyþ Cadwaly so harde he met, & Cadwalyn fley atte ferstefled at þe first. set; Toward þe southe he wolde haue fled,P. leaves out this line. But Edwyn his weye wyþ-sperd;P. leaves out this line. & Cadwalyn fley hym byside,for Edwyn lette his way þat tide. P. transposes this line and the next. In busches & wodes hym forin to wodes him. to hyde; By sties &bi outen (out-paths; cp. by|paths). paþes þat he fond, So he fley in to Scotlond, & euere Edwyn after fley. Cadwalyn, gret pyne he drey; A schip he tok, til Irlond went, But Edwyn mighte hym neuere hent, But schop hym swyþe wiþ allebot suyth in to þe south did. haste, Cadwalynes londes for to waste. Casteles dide he bete right doun,P. leaves out this line. Contres destruied, toun by toun;P. leaves out this line. Al his lond he þorow ȝede,P. leaves out this line. Til alle he dide sorewe & drede.P. leaves out this line. Of Bryanes sister men hym told, At Wircestre scheo was in hold; Edwyn þere hure outþien hir. toke, To ȝork he sent hure for to loke; Wyþ his wyf scheo was seruaunt/, . Mayden gentil & auenaunt/. In þys kynges court, Edwyn, Was a clerk couþe of deuin;De Pellitho Sortilego. ffer in Spayne was he born, Of chaunces couþe he telle byforn; He knew alle þe foules cry,al vol des oisiax volans, Wace, ii. 270, l. 14,602. & couþe y-now of astronomy. Pellith highte þat ilke clerk, . He serued Edwyn of god werk; ffor Cadwalyn myghte neuere, for wele ne wo, No tyme in hauen to schipe go, Ne in se hiderward ryde,— . ffel hit neuere so god a tyde,— Þat þys ilkeþat ne þis. clerk deuyn Als swiþe teld hitTeld it euer. til Edwyn. He knew alle manere roun, . & many manere coniurison, & mani chaunces couþe descrie By sciences & artz of clergye.þorgh quantise & clergie.De infortuniis Cadwalini. ¶ Cadwalyn was ofte on fflote Wyþ many fair[e] schip on schote, & wel þe wynd gan hym dryue Vp vntil þys lond to arryue; But euere Edwyn cam hym byforn, Þat his trauaile was euere lorn, & al was þorow þe clerkes engyn,þis clerk engyne. Þat warned ay þe kyng Edwyn. Cadwalyn hadde sorewe & site Þat he was ay at desconfite;ay discomfite. & manie oþere sore hit ment, Þat out of londe wyþ hym were went, & fur-ȝeden lond & lyth,P. leaves out these lines. (fur|ȝeden went by, gave up: Stratmann, p. 212). Þat wyþ hym byde many wo sith.P. leaves out these lines. (fur|ȝeden went by, gave up: Stratmann, p. 212). To þem he seyde, 'he wilde wende ' Til lytel-Bretayne to seke frende: " Wiþ þe kyng Salamon woldywith kyng Salmon will .I. speke; . " He may me helpe my bale to wreke. " He ȝerneþ me to se & haue; " Somme of mine ȝyt may he saue."Infirmacio Cadwalini. He sailed al day, & on þe nyght, Vmwhile boþe wrong & ryught,right. Til he com in-til an ilde, ' Gernet,'Gerneron, Wace, ii. 271, l. 14,626. a litel land ful wilde; No lond nysterL. nyster = ne ys þer. ferrere west,P. leaves out this line. Þer þe sonne goþ to rest;P. leaves out this line. By-twyxt Bretayne & Cornewaille Is þat ilde wyþouten faille. & bynne a while þat he camNo while ne was he. þore, Þe kyng iueled swyþeþat þe kyng euelid. sore; Þe ffeuere agu ful sore hymagew þat him wele. hatte; But sone he chared, & wel swatte;Dont cil retorne ki bien sue, Wace, ii. 271, l. 14,634. Venison he ȝerned sorehe ȝarned. to ete, He ne mighte wiþ non oþer mete. Þe kyng comaunded til Brian— He nadde non oþer leches man— Þat he schulde seke hymsuld gete him. venisoun, . Or hys iuel schulde bryngeels his euell suld bring. hym doun: " But ȝyf þat y som venison haue, " No þyng so sone may me saue; " Hit ys no tale wher-of hit be,P. leaves out this line. " But þat þou mightest gete hit me."P. leaves out this line. De gratitudine Briany. Brian hadde ful gret longyngP. leaves out this line. ffor to saue his em þe kyng,P. leaves out this line. & took þo men þat were wont Go to chace, & ȝede to hont. 2Þey soughte þe dales & þe playnes, Þey soughte busche & montaynes, & þorow mores & þorow lynde:22-2 For these three lines P. has one:— þei sauh dales & ȝorgh þe lynde. ffond þey neuere hert nenouþer herte no. hynde, Ne wilde bor, ne bukke ne do, Ne hare, cony, ffowen, none conyng foune ne. ro. Þen hadde Brian sorewe ynow, & seide, "how schal myn em fare, how, " Þat y may no venison fynde?" But he dide als a man ful kynde; He schar a pece out of his þe,thee. & lardid & rostoid,lard it & roste. as fel to be, & dightitdight It. for þe kyng right wel, & he et hit ilk a del, Jo ne sai se il en gosta, Mais il gari et respassa. Wace, ii. 272, l. 14,661-2. And passed wel þo þat hache;wele þat age. . So swete a mete neuer or et he. When þe kyng felte hym of might, Þer schipes alle to þe se he dight, & aryued vp at a toun— ' Achidalet'En Quidelès, MS. du Roi, 27; a Kindelet, MS. du Roi, 73, Cangé: Wace, ii. 272, l. 14,665. was þe name Breton; ȝyt men seyþ after þe flod

P. leaves out this and the following line. Wace has for them—

Entre Dunan [Dinan] et la marine, Et encore i pert la ruine. ii. 273, l. 14,667-8

 Men knowes þere þe toun stod.— Þe kyng welcomed Cadwalyn, . & ofte compleyned his mikel pyn; & his in, to make soiour, He dide hym haue at grete honur;ll. 15,769-15,770. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. & hight hym 'he schulde in a stounde ' Helpymhelp. to brynge Edwyn to grounde: . " But certes, meruaille y haue " Þat grete Bretayne may ȝe nought saue. " fful wel kept hit Sire Belyn, . " & Maximian & Co[n]stantyn, " And Lucius dide vs Cristen be,— " But Arthur ys ded, wel may menwele .I. se,— " Þey loreþe les. neuere a foot of land. . " Myn heritage y holde in hand; " So woldy þat þou didest þyn " Ageyn þe Englische paen Edwyn." Cadwalyn seide sire Salamon, " Oure kynde conqueste is longesour kynges conquested long is. gon. . " Wite þou wel þo conquerrours " Were myn auncestres & ȝours, " & ve[n]iaunce fel on manyfele. of þo, . " Þat of þer blod cam nano. mo: " On riche men hit [is] a veniaunce, " Childre to gete þat haue no chaunce;ll. 15,789-15,790. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. ¶ De translacione nature Brytonum. " Þenne goþ heritage out of kynde; . " When nought of þe blod men fynde, " Þen schul men gyue hit for good " To þem þat han hated al þe blod.ll. 15,791-15,794. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. De lamentacione & planctu Cadwalini ad Salamonem. " Lucius þat brought vs Cristendam, . " Non heir of his body cam; " Aliens had hit after hym, " Þat til oure kynde were ful brym. " Co[n]stantyn & Maximian, . " Non heir of þer bodyhaire of þam ne. ran; " Ne Arthur, þe noble kynge, " Of his body cam no þynge, " Ne of Conan, ne of Vortapus, . " Ne Malgo, ne of Caricius; " Of alle þise, heires com þerheire was. non, " But out of kynde ys hit al gon; " ffor God hit wolde þat þey non hadde, . " Þat synfully þeir lyues ladde,—in alle synnes þer lyfe þei lad. " Þey vsede alle manere synnes,P. leaves out this line. " ffor synful lyf oure kynde blynnes,—P. leaves out this line. " Ne God wil namore þat þey be . " Keperes of þat dignete."— Sire Gildas writes & seyþ þe same,Not in our present Gildas's works or life, or in Nennius. Þer-fore am y nought for to blame.— Al þe wynter þer he lay, & purueid hym fro day to day ffolk & schipes for to gete, Opon þe se to haue a fflete. De Briano.At the side in the MS., two lines higher. In þys þat þey made purueaunce, Bryan seyde 'he wolde o chaunce ' Til Ingelond wende priuely, ' ȝyf he by sleyghte [Pellith] mighte comeif he Pellith mot com. by; " ffor also longe as he ys on lyue, " In Ingelond may we neuere arryue; " ffor he can telle þorow his art, " Whider we wile, & to what part." Bryan auntredauentured. hym al in drede, . But God hym gaf wel for to spede. At Barbefleta barbflete. to schipe he went, At Southaumptone hauene he hent; ffaire cloþes wolde he nonne wild he. were, But dightym al lyke toBot dight als. a beggere; A schort staf he dide hym make, Als palmeres in handes take, & dide þer-inne a wel longefull gode. pykP. transposes lines 13,835-6. Squar grounden, scharp, euenlyk;P. transposes lines 13,835-6. He feyned hym croked many a tyme, As he hadde longe ben a pylgrime; He let hym al[s] he had benlened him as he were. (let: cp. A.-S. læ¯tan to pretend (Bosworth), se gerere (Stratmann). wery, . & al-wey spirde& spired after þe kyng. priuely; After þe kyng he spird vm-while,P. leaves out this line. ffor non hoped til hym no gyle.P. leaves out this line. So queyntely aboute hymabout he. wond, Þe kynges court at ȝork he fond; He dide hym þere among þe poraille, Wyþ bagge & burdon of þeir entaille; Wyþ hem he stod, wiþ hem he wente, . But euere his eye& as his Iȝe. o syde he glente; He saw his sister wyþ a bacyn, Water for to feche þer-in. & Brian stirt forþ in hure weye, & stillestilly. seide þat he wolde seye. When scheo hym knew, sche gan to grete; He seide "Þy gretyng I rede þou lete, " ffor ȝyf any man me aparceiue, . " ffro þe deþ may y nought weyue; " Þer-fore þou lete now al þy mone,Quomodo Brianus occidit Pellitum sortilegum. " & drawe vs by oure self al one."ll. 15,8853-15,858. The Petyt MS. leaves out this line. Þey ȝede out of þe pres a lite, Þat non ne scholde hem se neof þam mot se no. wite. He asked after þe clerk Pellith: Wiþ þat he com þer also tyt. " Lo!" scheo seide, "wher he comeþ here!" & telde of Pellit al þeteld him all pellith. manere. " Haue god day," þen saide Bryan; " Do þyn erende as þou bygan." Toward Pellit he gan hym hye, . ffro hym ne lefte he neuere his eye:of him com neuer his Iȝe. Pellit among þe pouere ȝede, Als he schulde haue bet þer nede, To & fro euere als a fool; & Bryan folewede him ay on hool,him on hoole. And right in al& amang. þe moste pres, Among þem alle, Pellit he ches; His staf ful sleylystaffe priuely. vp he warp, & putte þe longe pyk so scharp Ageyn þe herte, in at þe bak, Þat he fel doun; no word ne spak/; Cried he neyþer wo ne way,P. leaves out this line. . But ded he was, & þer he lay.P. leaves out this line. Brian lefte his staf rightlete þe staffe lig. þere, & drow o syde, as nought& ȝede beside als nouh. ne were, & as queyntely as he might,P. leaves out this line. O drey he held hym out of sight;P. leaves out this line. Among þe pore he hidde his face, & sleyly wroughte,sleih he was. & hadde fair grace. Al þat ilke day he sculked, Among þe pouere menfolk. he hulked; When þe night cam, he was ful fayn, His wey he tok to þegate he toke. south a-gayn. What day, what night,boþe nyght & day. (Que nuit que jor tant trespassa, MS. du Roi, 73, Cangé: Wace, ii. 276, note (b).) ful faste he spedde, Þat til Oxenforde algate he redde.A Sesecestre vint sor Esse, Wace, ii. 276, l. 14,755. Þen com þe folk wyþouten sesseses . . . . . pres. Aboute Brian for to presse;ses . . . . . pres. Þe Bretons alle, & þe of& of. Cornewaille, . & out of Walys cam gret& of wales þe. pedaille; Þey frayned hym faste 'when& askid him wheþen. he cam, ' & whider he wilde, and to wham; " & what nede ys now in handeP. leaves out this line. " Þat Cadwalyn comeþ nought to lande?P. leaves out this line. " And where he ys, we preye þe telle, " And wheþer he schal come or dwelle." " Sertes," he seide, "wyþynne a þrowe " ȝe schul wel vnderstande & knowe " Þat Edwyn schal nought dur abyde, " But ȝifbot a. mischaunnce hym by-tyde. " But warnische casteles, do make toures, " ffor ȝow schal sone come socoures." Of alle þe gretemoste. he wiste þer wille; Þer-fore ful baldelyboldly. & stille Dide he vitaille þe tounEssecestre, Wace, ii. 277, l. 14,775. ful wel, . Defensable wyþ bretaxesbretask. & pel. He sente hys em a messeger, & telde al on what maner Þat he had slayn þe clerke Pellyt, Stored Oxenforde til his profit. Of þat bode þe kyng was paied, His wendyng was nought delayed; Night & day made hym redy; Ten þousand he hadde til his nauy, What of hise owen, &what of his what. of ffrendes Þat kyng Salamonþat Salmon. wiþ hym sendes. When Cadwalynþat he. was al ȝare, . Til he was forþe, gret was his care; At Totenesse he gan vp ryue; Glad was þe folk he was on lyue; & gret sorewe made þe kyng Edwyn Þat slayn was so þe clerk Pēllyn. ¶ Penda, þe kyng of Lyndeseye,Melcie, Wace, ii. 278, l. 14,791. How Bryan dide, he herde wel seye; Gret force of folk Penda dide fet, Cadwalyn for to wyþ-set. OxenfordeEssecestre, Wace, ii. 278, l. 14,797. he byseged aboute, But Brian heldym wel wyþoute. When Cadwalyn was ryued on lande, Til hym cam ful smert tydande ' Þat an Englische kyng Penda ' Byseged Bryan, & was his fa.' Cadwalyn was al an-ired;enired. To rescowe Brian he desired; Als faste asAll þat. he mighte, he hasted; Iornes to make, folk he tasted; & when he was þe toun ought ney, . He bad þem reste þat were wery: " Rest ȝou nowrestes ȝow. for ȝoure trauaille; " Þe smertlokersmertlier. ȝe may assaille." Þe folk of Oxenforde wereþe toun was. glade Of þe ioye þat& grete Ioy. Brian made; Gret ioie þer was,Ioy he had. he was so ner, & more of his grete power. De remotu obsidionis, & capcione Pende Regis. Cadwalyn was fel of hert, Þe sege he assailled smert; ffor he had longe be born a-bak/, Þe hertilokerfellier. on þem he brak/; He douted neyþer deþ nenoiþer dede no. dynt/. Þat tyme was many a man þer tynt/; Hertlyfelli. were þey halden waken; And Penda, maugre hym,his. was taken, And smertly don in syker hold; ffor no raunsom might he be sold, Ne for no man loþ ne leue, But he wolde to Cadwalyn cheue, & holde of hym his heritage, & don hym feaute &With feaute & with. homage. When Penda hadde to Cadwalyn Obliged hym, & mad his fyn; More loue to make, & bate stryfe, PendasPenda. sister he tok to wyfe, And wedded hure on Cristen lawe. To god migh[t] noman Penda drawe; As was Penda yuelPenda was euer ill. in dede, . As telleþso sais. þe boke of seint Bede.Eccles. Hist. bk. ii., ch. 20, A.D. 633. But see Bede's partial praise of Penda in bk, iii., ch. 21. ¶ Cadwalyn þanked his barons, & nameliche ofnameli. þe Bretons, Of al þer trauaille & al þer ylle Þat þey had þoled wiþ gode wille; Al he schulde auaunce þer lore Þat þey had lost for hym byfore; & alle þo þat dide hym noye, Of hem he gan ful faste destruye; He passed þe Humber wyþ folk ynow, Tounes brente, & men he slow. De occisione Edwyny & filiorum eius.This heading is at the side in the MS., five lines higher. ¶ Of his comyng Edwyn herd seye, . How he nought spared in his weye; He gadered alle his retenauntz,retenance . . . . . sergeance. Knyghtes, squiers, & seriauntz,retenance . . . . . sergeance. & alle oþer þat of hym held, And comen alle in-til Hatfeld;Hatfield, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, about seven miles north|east of Doncaster. Giles, note to Bede's Eccl. Hist., bk. ii., ch. 20 [A.D. 633]. Wace calls it Elfede, ii. 280, l. 14,847. Þyder þey samned, boþe partys, Þat longe had be stronge enemys. Penda þat schrewe, þeþat ilk. Sarazyn, . To helpe he com wyþHe com to help. Cadwalyn. & Edwyn was hardy & bold, And eighte & fourty ȝer wasAuht & fourti wynter. old; Þer was he slayn, hys sone hym wyth, A god knyght, was cald Osfryth.MS. Offrith and Offriht. P. Osfrith in both cases. Esfris, Wace, ii. 280, l. 14,852. Elleuen ȝer was Edwyn kynge Er þan he tok his cristnyng; & þer-inne two wyues he tok . Er he þe Paen lawe fur-sok; Gwenburghe, þe ferste highte so, Wyþ hure had he childre two; OsfrihtMS. Offrith and Offriht. P. Osfrith in both cases. Esfris, Wace, ii. 280, l. 14,852. & Eadfrith, þus þey highte, . & knyghtes were þey boþe wyghte. Dame Ethelburgh highte þat oþer, Þe kyng of Kent was hure broþer,See Bede's Eccl. Hist., bk. ii., ch. 9 [A.D. 625]. Sire Ethelbright hure fader was, . Þat we byforn han rad in pas. Seint Bede spekeþsais. of þys Edwyn, Syn he fursok þe lawe Sarazyn, So god a Cristen kyng was nonP. transposes the couplets, lines 16,011-2, and 16,013-4. . In al þis lond als he alon;See Bede, bk. ii., ch. 16, and Pope Honorius's letter to Edwin, in Bede, bk. ii., ch. 17. He was cristned o þe Pasche day, At ȝork fursok his Paen lay; Syx hundred ȝer þe date was þo,data . & passed seuene & twenty mo; Emfled, his doughter born, Sche was cristned a ȝer byforn.ll. 16,017-16,018. The Petyt MS. leaves out these lines. See Bede's Eccl. Hist., bk. ii. ch. 9 [A.D. 626]. Whan he þe Cristendam þoughteour cristendom gon. take, . Þe kirke of ȝork he dide first make; But longe er hit was brought tilare it were brouht to. ende, He was slayn wyþ folk vnhende; But seint Osewald, þat gode man, . He ended þat Edwyn bygan.Bede, Eccl. Hist., bk. ii. ch. 20. Sire Edwyn was syx ȝer Cristen kyng in þys lond her: What cristen, what heþen þral,P. leaves out this line. . Seuentene ȝer he regned in al;P. leaves out this line. Þat selue ȝer Oswyþat ȝere þai he. was slayn, His cosyn OsfryMS. Offry. P. Osri. y þe same payn, Þe ȝeres of Crist six hundred wore, . & þrytty ȝer, & þre more;Bede's Eccl. Hist., bk. ii. ch. 20. But he doesn't give Oct. 4: says only "before" Edwin's death on Oct. 12. Þe ferþe day þat ys y þe ides Of Octobre, ho so hit bydes. Þer he lay, a chapel ys wrought,P. leaves out this line. . & ȝit ys þer folk þat þyder han sought.P. leaves out this line. Of Cadwalyn now schal we seye; He slow þe kyng of Orkeneye, Sire Cadan, & sire Gabaon,— . Þe Scottische kyng was þat on,— & manie oþere lordes mo, ffor whamwhilk. was mad ful mykel wo. Cadwalyn hadde neuere mercy Of EdwynesEdwyn. (Wace says generally, of those "Qui contre lui orent esté," ii. 280, l. 14,858.) kynde he mighte com by; Man & woman he slow al day,P. leaves out these lines. See Bede, Eccl. Hist., bk. ii. ch. 20. & childre þat in þe cradel lay;P. leaves out these lines. See Bede, Eccl. Hist., bk. ii. ch. 20. Alle he slow hem,The MS. m has one stroke too many. oldeslouh alde. & ȝonge, . Þat til Edwyn teldtold. any tonge. ȝyt of Edwyn was left on quik,MS. quit. P. quik. Hys emes soneEame sōn. See Bede, Eccl. Hist., bk, iii. ch. 1. þat highte Osrik/, Þat rescowedresceyued. þe heritage; . But luytel held he hit in age, ffor Cadwalyn wrought hym so wow, His two cosyns & hym he slow; Þowh al he hadde Crysten feyþ,P. leaves out this line. . To þo Crysten he dide ouer leyþ,P. leaves out this line. Þat ȝong & olde, al ȝede to ded,P. leaves out this line. ffor o man þat hym mys bed.P. leaves out this line. Seint Bede blames Cadwalyn; . Of wille he calles hym 'barbaryn,'Bede, Eccl. Hist., bk. ii. ch. 20. See p. 578, l. 16,672-4, below.— 'Barbaryn' ys a Sarazynis sarezin. straunge, To mercy þat wil nere turne ne chaunge;— ffor al þe werd,world. so ferde he, . On lyue wolde he non let be. Þat slaughter lasted so gret stounde, Vnneþes a Cristen man men founde, But turnde vnto þe lawe Paen, . Þat er was brought to be Cristen, Vnto þe tyme of seint Osewalde,. Þat þe feiþ a-geynMS. a geym. P. agayn. dide halde; Vnto þe reame he hadde right, . And was fulOf wille. fre, & gentil knyght; He sente for þe bischop Aydan,Bede, Eccl. Hist., bk. iii. ch. 3. Of Scotland was þat gode man; Þat bischop cam, his folk to preche, . Þer Cristendam fro Paen wreche.to reche. De Miraculo Sancti Osewaldy.This heading is at the side in the MS., three lines higher. Of þys Osewald, seint Bede telles, & manye of his miracles spelles; Of on to telle,It is in bk. iii. ch. 6, of Giles's edition of Bede. See too William of Malmesbury, bk. i. ch. 3. mykel y charge, . Þathow. he vnto þe pore was large. Þe pore folk spirde, & men þem tolde Wher Osewald schulde hys Pasche holde. O þe Pasche day in tyme of mete, . Þe pouere gaderede, god to gete; &, right as þe borde was leyd, Þe cloþ[es] spred, þe graces seyd, Þey serued þe kyng in a seluer dische— . Wiþ what mete y ne wot y-wys.— His aumenerAmbner. (so.) stod þe kyng before, & seide þatso. 'manie pouere were þore, " & ȝyt þer comen on ilka syde, . " Of ȝoure almesour almos. help to byde." Þan tok þe kyng þat he schuld ete, & brak þe dische wyþ al þe mete, & bad hym parte hit a-mongBad him departe amang. hem alle, . Boþe mete & syluer, as hit woldþe siluer as best wild. falle. ¶ Aydan sey how þe kyng hit brak/;Dixit Aydanus: 'non in|'ueteras|'cat illa 'manus.' Þer-fore til hym þys word he spak: " Nere mote þat hand rote ne elde, " But hol wyþouten ende to welde." & so hit ys right alsNon oþer it is bot as. he seyde; In schryne at Peterburgh is hit leyde; At þe abbeye, in þe kirke, . Þe kyng Penda dide hit wirke. Oswald was sib Edwyn byforn; Of Acha his sister was Osewald born;Bede's Eccl. Hist., bk. iii. ch. 6, at the end. Þer-fore Cadwalyn wilde nought sesse, But faste on Osewald werre gan presse; To Scotland he chased Osewold.Oswald . . . . . bald. ffor Cadwalyn had more folk, & bold,Oswald . . . . . bald. Osewald fledde, & gaf hym place, So þat Cadwalyn left hys chace; His folk hym þoughte trauailled sore, But Penda at þat tyme was þore; He bad hym folewe, Osewald to take, . Or don hym þe lond for-sake. When Osewald wyste þe certeyn, Þat Cadwalyn was turnd ageyn, Ageyn Penda wolde he stande, ffor hym nold he be fleande. In a feld Osewald gan byde, To bide þe bataille what so& stand to chance what mot. bytyde;— ' Heuene-feld' þe name ys cald,Bede, Eccl. Hist., bk. iii. ch. 2. "Celestiels cans en françois," adds Wace, ii. 282, l. 14,890. Probably "Bingfield," Northumberland: Madden, in Laȝamon, iii. 429. . ffor þe loue of seint Osewald;— In þat feld a crois he lyft/, & bad þem alle nought be aglift/,oglift. Butto. come & knele byfore þe crois, And Iesu preye al wyþ o voys, " Þat he þys day stand vs by, " A-geyn Penda, Godeshis. enemy, " Þat wyþ wrong vs onoyes, . " & our Cristen men destruyes."& þe cristendom destroies. Alle þey dide as Osewald bad, & preyde Ihesu, þat his blod schad On þe croys for mannes nede, . 'Ageyn Penda wel þat daywele to. spede.' Alle were þey of gode repentaunce,P. leaves out this line. & wel y-schryuen for alle chaunce.P. leaves out this line. Synsien. þey dight hem to þe bataille, & Penda gan hem faste assaille: His host was gret, & wyde y-spred; Ner were þey slayn, & Penda fled. Penda ascaped wyþ mykel pyn, & pleyned hym vnto Cadwalyn, & seide, 'bot he venge hym wolde, ' Of hym schuld he namoreneuer. holde.' At þat tyme þus hit byleft/ . Vntil þey samned þer hostes eft/: Þe bataille was byside Þyrlwal,thirwall. Þat whilom closed þe northende al;þat som tyme closed þe North all. & þere was many myracle schewed, Þat witnesseþ boþe lered & lewed; . Þe cros dide þere many merueilles,P. leaves out these lines. This is the end of the extract from ch. 2, bk. iii., of Bede's Eccl. Hist. Halp man & best of þeir trauailles.P. leaves out these lines. This is the end of the extract from ch. 2, bk. iii., of Bede's Eccl. Hist.De Rege Osewaldo. Ȝyt Cadwalyn & þys Penda . Þoughte to wirke Osewald ful wa: Þey gadered hostes, þise enemys, & come on Osewald in twey partys. In a stede hatte Mazerfeld,Bede's Eccl. Hist., bk. iii. ch. 9. [A.D. 642.] . Þere Osewald schewedschewed Oswald. his scheld, Þere he seyde he wolde abyde. Grete were þer batailles on eyþergrete folk was on ilk a. syde; . ¶ Osewald wyste he schuld þer deye, & mighte nought scape bymot skape on. no weye;De Morte Osewaldy. In his fallynge he seyde on hy, " Of alle our soules, Lord, haue mercy!"Bede's Eccl. Hist., bk. iii. ch. 12. Þat was þe laste werde he seid,P. leaves out this line. & fel doun, & þer he deyd.P. leaves out this line. Of þo men þat þys word herd, A byword in al þe contre ferd, " God haue our soules! quaþ Osewold."Bede's Eccl. Hist., bk. iii. ch. 12. . Þys byword was longe y-told,long tald. Þys þey seide at ilka rage,P. leaves out this line. & longe had þey hit in vsage:P. leaves out this line. Þis word witnesseþ wel seynt Bede,P. leaves out this line. . Þat longe was vsed in many lede.P. leaves out this line. Nyne wynterbot nyen ȝere. was he kyng, & eighteauht. See Bede's Eccl. Hist., bk. iii. ch. 9. & þritty ȝer was ȝynge; Þe date of Crist ys toldwas þan. redy, . Six hundred ȝer, & two & fourty. Þyse wikkede kyngesmen . . . . . slouh . . . . . bouh. þat hym slow,For the short original of the next fifteen lines, see Bede's Eccl. Hist., bk. iii. ch. 12. Dide henge his lymes on a bow;men . . . . . slouh . . . . . bouh. A tre þey dide sette þer fore; . Handes, armes, þey dide þorow bore; ¶ Hys heued heng a ȝer to mone; But Oswy, his broþer, sonesister sonne.De Rege Osewy. Was kyng, & tok þe hed hengand, . & biried hit at ffarnelland; Of an ilde hit ys þe name, To Durem langesDurham hous longes. þat same. A quene þen was lady of [þo]quene was lady of þo. landes, . Sche dide take armes wyþþe armes &. handes; Þat on scheo biried vnder molde, Þat oþer ys kept in seluer & golde, In seinte Petres kirke to holde. . & after þe Quen þe toun was tolde; 'Bebba'Bebba. (Bede has Bebba in his Eccl. Hist., bk. iii. ch. 16.) for þe Quen hit is calde; A nyce name, for soþe y halde; & for hit was so nice a name, . I wenetrow. þey chaungede hit for schame, (Er þanne hit highte Methamstede,) Peterburgh, þat semely sede. Longe after Osewald was ded, . Holy kirke mykel peyne bed: ffor al þat he þer-inne had wrought, Wyþ stronge menwith strange. was al doun brought; Prest & clerk þey slowe right doun, Þat al was wast nerWaste was left. ilk/ a toun, & þe goodes a-wey iborn; Til Osewy cam, ner al was lorn. & for he was his broþer sone,Un des frères Osgal, Wace, ii. 283, l. 14,929. Hym fel to haue þe regione. Þo þat þer were, conseil þey held, & bitaughte Osewy þe scheld. Osewy saw þe folk al pouere,? MS. u. P. pouere. & þe land at no recouere;recouerere. Þe power of Cadwalyn was mikel, & Penda poyned hym als a prykel; He sey his power ne was nought/ ȝyf Cadwalyn werre on hym sought/; Leuer hym were in loue to bowe, Þat þey namo of his menþat no mo of his folk men. slowe, Þan in werre bere hym ouer heye,P. leaves out this line. & euere be on þe werre partye.P. leaves out this line. Til Cadwalyn his sondesonne. he sent/, Þat he wolde com til parlement/; And þyder cam he al wyþ leue, . ffor Cadwalyn wold hym nought greue. He gaf hym boþe seluer & goldP. leaves out this line. ffor Cadwalyn schold ben hym hold,P. leaves out this line. & he receiued his homage, & som restored of his damage. Al þus þe pes was þer y-graunted,þus gates was þe pes granted. & in loue longe haunted; But OswyMS. Cadwal. P. (like Geoffrey) Oswy. (Osgal, Wace, ii. 284, l. 14,951; Oswi, MS. Cangé, 73, ib.) mikel kynde hadde, Þat often conseilled þem & radde ffor to werre vpon Osewy, Þey cleymed of hys land gret parti; But Osewy defended hym als a man, So þat of hym neuere þey neOf him neuer nouht þei. wan. On, Alfriche,Ane Alfrith. (His brother, says Geoffrey, bk. xii. ch. 11.) cleymed of his right; Ouer Humber he chased hym þorowcom with him to. fight; On þys half he fledde hym fra, & cam & pleyned hym to Penda, And preied he wolde hym mayntene Agayn Osewy þat was so kene, & þe lond þat he might of hym& if he mot þat lond. wynne; He schulde haue his partHis parte suld be. (Wace says only that Penda is promised peace and truce, ii. 285, l. 14,960.) þer-inne. ¶ De coronacione Cadwaliny. Penda seide he dirste naught/, ffor Cadwal & Osewy were al saughtfor kadwalyn at on was brouht.: " But fonde i schal, by som queyntise, " Of Cadwalyn to haue grauntise;P. leaves out this line. " & ȝyf y may gete his leue " Wyþ ȝow to holde, y wold hym greue." Þan fel hit at þe Whitsontyde, Cadwalyn no lenger wolde byde; At Londen set he his coronement/. Alle his barons þyder went/ ffor to be þer at his feste,Malicia Pende. . South, north, west, & est; But þider cam nought þo Osewy;bot Oswy þat tyme not kam. I ne wot for what hit was, ne why.for whi no wham. When Penda hit perseiued, he made gret farefaire . . . . . þare. . ffor þat Osewy was nought þare:faire . . . . . þare. To Cadwalyn he made his pleynt/, & seide 'Osewy was fals & feynt/, " Syn he cam nought for þy somons " To þy court, als oþer barouns. " Alle ar þey comen, ilka Bretoun, " & ilkan Englische & Saxoun; " But Osewy tok þy somons in veyn, " To come to court he haddehas. disdeyn." Þe kyng excused hym curteysly: " He haþhas. som gret encheson why; " Perauenture he haþhas. som syknesse " Or oþer greuaunce þat makeþ hym stresse." " Nay," seide Penda, "hit ys nought so! " Þou sestsees. nought what Osewy wil do! " In þys tyme of þy corounement/, " In-til Saxoyn haþinto saxone has. he sent " After souders, assoudeours was. was me told, " To venge þe deþdede. of Osewold. " When he seþ tyme þat he may, " On þe to renne he wile assay. " But, Cadwalyn, wil þou giue me leue, " I schal hym brynge til a mescheue, " Þat eyþer schal y don hym fle, " Or quik or ded bryng hym to þe." Seide Cadwalyn, "þus may hit make;P. leaves out these lines. (Dist Cadualan: j'en parlerai; Wace, ii. 286, l. 15,000.) " Neþeles y schal conseil take."P. leaves out these lines. (Dist Cadualan: j'en parlerai; Wace, ii. 286, l. 15,000.) He calde þe Bretons hym aboute, And dide Penda go wyþoute, & þe Englische euerychone; So þe Bretons leftwere. al-one. ¶ Cadwalyn seyd, "lordes alle, " Seyeþsais. now what wil best byfalle " Of þys þat Penda haþ bysought; " Wheþer hit is godwhedir is it. to do or nought." Þenne spak first sire Margadu, Lord of Southwalys, for þer prou: " Longe hit is þys was bygonne,long is sen þis wo was gunnen. " & ȝyt is hit nought al ouer ronne, " Bytwyxt vs & þe Englische kynde, . " & ȝit wot non how hit wyl bynde;will ende. " Hou so bitwyxt/ hem be strif or stresse, " Vs to noye euere ar þey fresche;fresse. " Be þey byneþe, be þey aboue, " Vs ne wil þey neuere loue, " Ne þer trouþe wyl þey nought holde; " To do a felonye ar þey ful bolde. " Haue þys y þyn herte ful streit, " Howþat. þey haue don vs many deseitgrete desceite. " So fele tymes here byforn; " & also often hastow sworn " Þat þou scholdest ȝit brynge hem heþen; " But þyn oþ ys ay byneþen, " Syn þou sest þat þou may nought " ffulfyllehaf. þy dede wyþ þy þought,— " Ne per chaunce ys nought þy wille,— " Suffre þat on þat oþer spille, " SuffreMS. Ne suffre. P. suffre. þat on þat oþer schende, " Ne entremet þe at neyþernon. ende. " Penda is Englische, & noþyngnot. good, " & Osewy ys of Englische blod; " Make we þer-of no maner iangle, " Suffre þe dogges ech oþersoffre þe ton þe toþer. strangle, " Suffre hem eyþer on oþer renne,P. leaves out these two lines, and transposes the next two. " & ilkon oþer robbe & brenne;P. leaves out these two lines, and transposes the next two. " & þorow meschaunce of fight or flyt/,mischefe of fight & flite. " Þys lond mai happeso may þe lond. of þem be quit." Þen speke þe Bretons at o breyd, " Sire Margadu, þou hast welMargadu þou has wele. seyd! " Toat. þys conseil alle we holde, " Right as sire Margadu haþvs. tolde." " Penda," þey seyde, "do what þou wilt " To Cadwalyn! hit is no gilt." Penda proudly tok his leue; Oswy algate wold heOf þouht he forto. greue; He gadred gret host on his side,P. leaves out this line. . & Penda cam wyþ ful gret pryde;P. leaves out this line. He sembled his hostpurueied oste. ful hastely, ffersly to struye sirefull felly to werre on. Osewy. Osewy sone herditherd. See Bede's Eccl. Hist., bk. iii. ch. 24 (A.D. 665), on Oswy's offer and the battle. seye . How Penda on hym wold lyue & deye; He douted sore his wykked res, & sende to Penda for þe pes; ' & ȝyf he wolde þer-to graunt, ' He wolde hym gyue in god couenaunt ' Gold & siluer at his might, ' His lond to haue wyþoute fight.' Penda seide 'he wolde nought leue: ' He scholde hym chace, þe coroune reue.' ¶ Wyþ Osewy was an holy man,De Episcopo Bischop he was, his nameHis name was bisshop. Aydan;Aydano. He preied God for þer nede, . Ageyn Penda Osewy wel spede: " Louerd! þou quenchese se lord. his wykkednesse! " His grete power, þou make hit lesse, " & suffre vs neuere fele þere smert/, . " Þe ffelonie of his wikked hert/!" When Osewy sey no loue wolde sende, But at his power he moste hym fende,At his powere he wild defend. He gadered host on hys syde, . And Penda cam wyþ ful gret pryde. At a day bataille was set, Boþe hostes to-gedere met.MS. ment/. P. mett. In gode hope OswyMS. as we. P. Oswy. were inne, . Þat he schulde þe maistrie wynne; He tristed wel y þe Holy Gost/,P. leaves out this line. & Penda tristed on hys grete host.P. leaves out this line. Þey smette to-gedere so bitterlyke . Þat eyþerilk. side fond oþer quyke; He þat hit gan, þe worse he hadde,þat werre bigan þe wars had. ffor Penda party al to-schadde; Hys grete host ȝede al doun,Penda periit/ Anno domini DCLVto. & slayn was þere þat feloun; fful wel he spedde þat gaf þe dynt, . ffor Penda lyf & soule was tynt; Þe ȝer þat he to deþ[e]dede. ȝede, . Þe date was, as seyþ seint Bede, Sex hundred ȝer, fyfty & fyue. Þe day þat Penda les his lyue, Vpon TwedeTwede, Langtoft, i. 256; Winved, Geoffrey, xii. 13; Vinwed, Bede, which is Winwidfield, near Leeds, says Giles. þe bataille was, . Þrytty dukes slayn y þat plas,Et li pluisor de ses amis, Wace, ii. 289, l. 15,068. On Penda syde euerilkone, ffor whilke manye was madmany mad. mone. Wolfrith his sone a-scaped þat pyn, . & cam & told hit to Cadwalyn. Cadwalyn gaf hym his heritage, & he til hym made his homage. ¶ Cadwalyn, þat kepte þe lond, A trewe iustise menþe folk. hym fond; He regned foure & fourty ȝer, 6What in pes & [what] in wer. At Londone wax he syk, & deyde, . Þe Bretons þere his body leyde;66-6 He died at london þei laid him þere. But for to haue menynge of hym, How he was noble, meke, & grym, Of coper þey dyde make a knyght, & an hors of coper al dight; Set hym þer-on in kynges wede, Als he was wondwont. to ryde on stede; Þer byside þey leyde his body, Abouen at a gate ful hey, In Londone, toward þe west: Longe hit stod þer wel y-fest;stode streitly fest. Byside, þey sette a chapel Of seint Martyn, a fair iuwel. Þus þey dide, for gret nobleye, Hys dedededis. for to mene & seye. CadwaladrusCavalances, MS. du Roi, 27; Calawader, MS. 73, Cangé: Wace, ii. 290, l. 15,091. was after Cadwalynnota.Cadwala|drus His fader, & Penda cosyn; Penda cosyn, his sister sone, Cadwalyn wedded, y dide ȝow mone.See above, p. 553, l. 15,968. Cadwaladrus was a ful god kynge, . And louede God ouerof. alle þynge; ¶ Exe de fame, Pestilencia mortis, ac corrupcione Aerys, & Exilio Brutonum. In his tyme failled þe corn, ffor þer was non as was byforn. Of þat defaute cam gret dere,Et en après fu la cherté, Wace, ii. 290, l. 15,096. . & gret hunger oueral was here; Þre dayes to go, ȝyf on might dreye, Er he fond any mete to bye,— Oþer in burgh or in cite, . Or vpland, or inor vpland in. any contre,— But ȝyf þey any bestes tok, Or fysche in riuer or in brok, Or any leues or rotes seþ, . Þat henged on heghang on hege. or on heþ: Al was elles turnd to faille, Might noman lyue on his trauaille. ¶ ȝyf þys meschaunce cammischefe com. ferly sore, ȝyt þer was an oþer more; So gret a man-qualm cam þer-wyþ,Mortalité fu de la gent, Wace, ii. 290, l. 15,107. Bede (Eccl. Hist., bk. iii. ch. 24) and the Saxon Chro|nicle both mention a great pestilence, A.D. 664, as Madden notices in Laȝamon, iii. 432. ffro deþ vneþe might non hauefor dede mot non vnneþis haf. gryþ, Þorow roten eyr, þorow&. wykkede wyndes, In alle stedes men didedied. gret myndes; Now ȝede þey vp right hol & fer,P. leaves out this line. Now fel þey doun ilk oþer ner;P. leaves out this line. Etynge, spekynge, fel þey doun,P. leaves out this line. & goynge boþe in feld & toun.P. leaves out this line. ffader, moder, eam, & broþer,P. leaves out this line. Gentil & bonde, & alle oþer;P. leaves out this line. Vneþe in tounevnneþis in tounes. No Of Bretons in next line. was any lefte . Of Bretons þat mighte tile þe lond efte. Þat vengeaunce was so ferly grete, Hit spared non, but al þorow schete; So fele ley ded by ilkain ilk. weye, Þat þe quyke ne mighte hem on erþe leye;þei fond non quik in erþe þam to lay. ȝyf any had leyd a cors in pyt/,P. leaves out this line. Hym self fel þanne ded þer-myt/.P. leaves out this line. So mykel was þer sorewe & drede, Left hous & lond, a-wey þey ȝede; What for moryne, what for dere, Tant por le grant chierté de blé, Tant por la grant mortalité. Wace, ii. 291, l. 15,127-8. ffewe þer wore þat might liue here; Of his long lyf can noman seye,P. leaves out this line. . Þat ses his frend sodeynly deye;P. leaves out this line. Þat sees his neighebur brenne hym by,P. leaves out this line. To saue hym self he ys bysy.P. leaves out this line. Cadwaladrus, þe kyng of þys lond, . So mikel wo ouer al he fond, To Luytel Bretaigne for sorewe he fledde; Þat were on lyue, wyþ hym þem ledde. Alayn he highte, þat þanne was kynge, Þat was ful fayn of hys comynge. When þe Bretons heþenhyen. went, Þer faire wonynge mykel þey ment/. Þey seide hit was a vengeaunceOne stroke too few for the u in the MS. strong, . Ageyns God þey lyuede wronge; " Now schal we lese our lond þorow synne, " Þat oure kynde han welt wyþ wynne." Þat lered were, þys salme þey songe, . & versled hit al wyþ o tonge: ¶ Exe de lamentacione Brutonum. ¶'Deus auribus nostris' hatte þat salme Þat þey seide for þat man-qualme.þat qualme. But at a vers þat is þer-inne, . Pleynyngpleynt. to God þus gan þey gynne, " Vendidisti populum tuum sine precio;" & toward þer schipes þey songen hit so,See Geoffrey, bk. xii. § 15. " Dedisti nos tanquam oues escarum, . " & cetera [per totum psalmumFrom P.]." To schipe þen wente kyng Cadwaladres; Wyþ hym þe Bretons þat he ches; Wyþ sorwful chere, & herteWith sory & herte full. brym, . fful often made þey pleynte til hym:See Cadwaladres's prayer of nine lines in Langtoft, i. 258-260, the original of which, and of Manning's long prayer here, is Geoffrey of Monmouth's, bk. xii. § 15. " Wo til vs, sinful þat are, " Þat for our wikkednesse we þus fare! " Wyþ synne we wraþed God Almight, . " & þorow his wraþe we lese oure right. " Louerd! of mercy we preye þe, " Space of penaunce gyue vs fre! " Of þis grete wraþe þou stynt! . " Þawþof. we sinful our lond haue tynt, " Graunte þe gode men þat þou ches, " Þat oure kynde nought al hit les,— " We se þy vengeaunce ȝit more may do,— . " Þat neuere þe Romayns mighte come to, " Ne oþere straungerstrangere. þan were þey, " Might non brynge vs or a-wey. " Out of mesure þen synned we, . " Als wel to þyne as vntil þe, " Þat we narne are. worþy a-geyn be cald " To penaunce, ne oure land to hald. " We wolde no mercy when tyme was; . " Now schewest vs wraþe for þatschewes þi wraþe þat grete. trespas! " Now fynde we wel þou canst right deme! " While we had tyme we nolde þe queme; " Often we faught to fende our land, . " & ay þou gaf vs þe heyer hand;þou gaf vs þan þe ouerhand. " Þou gaf vs grace to wynne þe pris " Al-weyAll tymes. of oure enemys. " Now hit ys for nought we fynde, . " We lese hit al by rote & rynde! " We preye þe, Lord, to be suffrable, " & turne oure sorewegrete. to ioye stable, " & come ageyn, ȝyf hit þy wille be, . " On oure lond for to serue þe! " Now may þe Romayns come ageyn,P. leaves out this line. " Þe Scottes & Peytes þat dide vs peyn,P. leaves out this line. " & þe tricherous Saxons—P. leaves out this line. . " Þeyr tricherye vs euere mones;—P. leaves out this line. " Þys voyde land schul þey now take!P. leaves out this line. " Voide of vs mighte neuere þey make;P. leaves out this line. " Al þer strengthe dide vs nought fle,P. leaves out this line. . " But Godes wrathe, þat serued we."P. leaves out this line. Swylk sorewe & swilk gret mone Made þe Bretons euer-ilkone . To Cadwaladrus, þer cheuentayne; And alle þey schiped to þe Lesse Bretayne. When þer flote to lande was leyd,Exitus Brytonum. Þe kyng Aleyn byfore-seid Receyued hym wyþ gode wille, . Preynge wyþ hym to leueWith him to beleue. stille, & alle þo þat wyþ hym wore; While he wolde, schuldtill he wild suld. dwelle þore.See Langtoft, i. 260. Þen was þys lond wast al left/, Moryne &Man qualme. hunger þe folk had reft/; Enleuen ȝer,Elleuen yhere. (Huit ans et plus fu escillie, MS. du Roi, 27; onze ans et plus, 73, Cangé: Wace, ii. 292, l. 15,147.) þus wryten þey fond, Was her no folk/ might tile þe lond, But ful feweright fo. of þe Bretons, . & also feweals fo. of þe Saxons; ffor al þe folk wyþ tempest vnkynde Were slayn, þat non mighte men fynde. De multiplicacione Saxonum, & edificacione eorum per loca. When þys tempest sessed was, . & fele ȝeres passed hard pas, Þe Saxons vntil Saxoyne sent/, & þey were fayn, & þyder went.ment. Þey aryuede in Northumber-land,From Geoffrey, bk. xii. § 16. . Þe moste of þer kynde þere þey land. ffro Scotland vntil Cornewaille,From Geoffrey, bk. xii. § 16. Al þe lond gan þey taille;— Logres hit highte a wel god þrowe, . ffor Loqeryn þat we in Ingeland knowe; But Bretayne was, by elde tales, Engelond, Scotland, & Wales; Al o land, al was oa land & a. name; . Of þys matere y telde þe same.— Was þer non here þat letted þer weye, Ne þer takynge wolde wyþ-seye; ffor of þe Bretons were left but fo,P. leaves out these lines. See Wace, ii. 292, l. 15,149-50; and Geoffrey, ch. xii. § 16. . Or any þat were yborn of þo,P. leaves out these lines. See Wace, ii. 292, l. 15,149-50; and Geoffrey, ch. xii. § 16. & þo skulked to wodes & fennes,P. leaves out these lines. See Wace, ii. 292, l. 15,149-50; and Geoffrey, ch. xii. § 16. To Cornewaille þey fledden hennes;P. leaves out these lines. See Wace, ii. 292, l. 15,149-50; and Geoffrey, ch. xii. § 16. In to Walys þey fledden also; . Of Bretons kynde were left/ namo. for bretons in to wales fleih. of þer kynd was nouht þat deih. At þys tyme þat y here mene, Þe Bretons passed out quit &out all. (From Geoffrey, ch. xii. § 16.) clene, & Englische made her þeyr byggynge, . & ches þeym of þeyr kynde a kyng. Þyse Saxonsþer sessons. þat hyder camen, Loue & pees þey held ay samen; Þe lond to tyle, oueral þey sought, . Cites, casteles, tounes, wrought, & made houses, & tilede þe feld, Þer vsages & þer lawes held; Þat þey in Saxoynesessoyne. helde byfore, . Þe same wolde þey haue þore. Þe tounes names on þeir langage Held þey after þeir lynage; Þe erldames & þe baronyes, . 2On þeir vsage made partyes; & somme þey helde on Bretons manere22-2 Tindrent issi et devisèrent Comme Breton les compassèrent, Wace, ii. 294, l. 15,190-1.;P. leaves out this line. Longe had þey seyn hit byforn here.P. leaves out this line. Of pes þey made good sykernesse, . Þe lond to tyle wyþ more & lesse. Whenne þyse Englische were oueral spred,Nota bene de propheciis Aquile Sibille & Merlinie, is written in an|other hand along the top of this page of the Lambeth MS. In fele stedes storedfostred. & fed, & þe folk was wel y-mored,mored. . And þe land bettere a-stored,lond wele stored. Hit was er a wel good þrowe,P. leaves out this line. As mannes in-wyt may þat wel knowe.P. leaves out this line. Cadwaladrus hym by-þought, . þat in to Bretaigne for hunger sought; By passagers wel herde he seye Þe venimouse eyr was al a-weye; GretyngeGretand. he preied þe kyng Aleyn His kyndam to geten hym a-geyn; & als he hadde bysought hym so, On þe night a voys cam hym to, And seide, "lef now at my biddynge, . " Til hit be schewed wyþ toknyng. " Of Bretayne God haþ ordeynedpurueied. þys, " & gyuen hit haþ to þe Englische.Englis. " Þe Bretons kynde schal namore " In þat lond make wonynge þore, " Til þat tyme come þat ys auysed, " Þat Merlyn til Arthur prophetysed:prophetised. " He seyde, 'þat þe folk of Breton, . " 'Er domesday schulde hit be don, " 'Þat þey schul haue þys lond ageyn, " 'When fulfildwhan filled. ys þe terme certeyn.' " He bad hym, "he schulde go to Rome, " To þe Pope, & take his dome, " Þe forte assoille,to asoyle. penaunce to drye; " Among þe seyntes þer schaltow lye— " Þe prophesie schal nought falle— " Til þe Bretons brynge þy bones alle " Out of Rome to þys Bretayne, " Þen schul þey haue þys lond agayne." Hit schal bytide swilk a weys, . Right as seint Methodye seys, Þat6 many an holy bonmany holy bones. of pris Þat y þys tyme in ffertrechest, reliquary. lys, Schal men take, & a-wey lede . Out of þe ffertres, for Paen drede;66-6 From Langtoft, i. 260, and Geoffrey, bk. xii. § 17. & so schul his bones be brought; What tyme hit schal be, wyte we nought. Cadwaladres, when he þys herde, Als a man in dwale he ferde; Stoneyed he was a wel god þrowe,P. leaves out this line. Er þan he couþe hym self y-knowe.P. leaves out this line. At þe laste, þer-of he brak, & til þe kyng Alayn he spak, And teld hym what þe vois had seyd, & what toknyng for hym was leyd. Gret wonderferly. hadde þe kyng Aleyn, . & wilned faste tohe ȝerned forto. wyte þe certeyn; His wyse clerkes he dide forþ calle, & dide þem seke þer bokes alle ' To wyte what þe prophesie[s] ' Mente & seide in sere partyes, ' ȝif þey acorded til þat selcouþ ' Þat Cadwaladres seide wiþ mouþ.' ¶ De propheciis Aquile, Sibillie, & Merlyny. Þey soughte þe prophesies of Aquilee,de prophetiis Aquilæ, qui Seh|stoniæ prophetavit, Galf. Mon., lib. xii. § 18. So also Langtoft, i. 263. See Sir F. Madden's notes in Laȝa|mon, iii. 434, 316-17. The prophe|cies in Cott. Vesp. A. xxv., 47 el., are on paper, in a 16th-century hand. . At Chestre was hit seid schuld be; Sybiles sawes forþ þey leyd, & what þe clerk Merlyn had& also what Merlyn. seyd, And þe sawes of Sephonye,de prophetiis Aquilæ, qui Seh|stoniæ prophetavit, Galf. Mon., lib. xii. § 18. So also Langtoft, i. 263. See Sir F. Madden's notes in Laȝa|mon, iii. 434, 316-17. The prophe|cies in Cott. Vesp. A. xxv., 47 el., are on paper, in a 16th-century hand. . Of whiche non ne woldenon of þam wild not lie. P. transposes the next two lines. lye; But þey acorded alle til on, Þe voys & þer bokes ilkon; Non seide seer for to blame, . But as þe vois þey seide þe same.See Geoffrey, bk. xii. § 18. To Cadwaladrus seide Aleyn þeAlayn said till Cadwaladre. kyng, " I conseille þe to fulfulle þat þyng/. " Syn God of heuene haþ seid hithas set it. so, . " His wille, y rede, þat ȝe do: " ffor couetyse of no lond,P. leaves out this line. " To don his wille ne schaltow wond."P. leaves out this line. Cadwaladre2 bad Iuor his sone, & Iny his neuew,22-2 Ignor apela, et Ygni; Ignor fu ses fils de s'oïssor. Wace, ii. 296, l. 15,253-4 "wende & wone " In to Bretaigne,En Gales, Wace, ii. 296, l. 15,255. & meintene efte " Þo þat were of Bretons lefte, " Þat þey ne lese þat erore. was myn, . " ÞeyrMy. fredam, for no Barbaryn." (A barbaryn, as seyþis sais. seint Bede,Eccl. Hist., bk. ii., ch. 20, quoted above, p. 557, l. 16,060-2. Ne had neuereþat has no. merci for no nede.) ¶ Cadwaladres al þys world fursok/, . To God & to penaunce hym tok. To Rome þen wente Cadwaladrus, Vnto þe Popepape (Geoffrey, bk. xii. § 18). Sergius, Þat receyued hym wyþ mikel wynne, & til hym he schrofschroue. his synne, Wyþ wyl of herte þat he myghtof herte he myght of. mene; & þe Popepape (Geoffrey, bk. xii. § 18). assoillede hym clene. In langour lay he many a day, & deyde þe twelfte kalende of May; Onze jors devant mai mourut. Al disetisme jor d'avril. Wace, ii. 297, l. 15,268-9. Þe date of Crist was euen in lyne, Sex hundred ȝer, four score & nyne;Sis cens ans, Wace; anno ab incarnatione Dominica sexcentesimo octogesimo nono, Galf. Mon., lib. xii. § 18. See Sir F. Madden's note in Laȝamon, iii. 435. & his soule wente to blis, Þe body at Rome ffertredin fertre. ys. ÞankeBlisse. we God þat grace hym gaf/! Þyse vers are his epitaf/: Culmen, opes, sobolem, pollenciafor "subolem, pollentia." Regna, triumphos, . Exuuias, proceres, menia, castra, lares,MS. castra menia lares: altered by a late hand to "menia castra lares." Queque patrum virtus, et que congesserat ipse, Cadwal armipotens liquitMS. liquid. P. liquit. amore Dei; Vt Petrum, sedem-que Petri, Rex cerneret hospes, . Cuius fonte merasMS. Metas. sumeret almus aquas,

P. fills up the rest of its first column on the back of leaf 95 with the following rubric—

Explicit historia britannie trans|posita in linguam maternam per Robertum. Incipiunt Gesta An|glorum super petrum de Langtoft. transposita per cundem R. Man|nyng.

 [&c.] Now haue wehaf.I. told of þe Bretons, Of kynges, & of somme barons, How þey mayntened þys lond . Synsiþen. Brutes tyme þat first hit fond, Vntil Cadwaladrus tyme. Of Bretons þere leue we to ryme, & now of EnglischeInglis. wil we telle, . Synsen. þe Bretons here gan dwelle, Þat toke þe lond þorow Godes heste: Þeyr tyme we calle al 'EnglischeInglis. geste'; Al ys cala geste Englische'Inglis. . Þat on þis langage spoken ys. ffrankyschefrankis. speche ys cald Romaunce, So sey þisso sais. clerkes & men of ffraunce. Peres of Langtofte, a chanoun . Schauen yOf. (No Schauen.) þe hous of Brydlyngtoun, On Romaunce alon frankis stile. þys story he wrot Of EnglisheInglis. kynges, as we wel wot,for him we wote. He wrot þer dedes alle þatdedes as. þey wrought; . After hym in EnglischeInglis. y hit brought; Of his meninge y wot þe weye, But his fair speche can y nought seye; I am nought worþy open hys bok/, . ffor no conninge þer-on to lok/, But for to schewe his mykel wyt/,witte . . . . . skitte. On my spekyngespech. þat ys but skyt/,witte . . . . . skitte. How he was queynte in speche, & wys, . Þat swiche a bokswilk a boke. made of pris, And gadered þe stories alle til on, Þat neuere er was mad for non. . When Peres first bygan his werk, He bisoughte an holy clerk/ To gyue hym grace wel to spede,— Þat holy man highte seint Bede,— Þai in his bokes mykel he fond; . He made ffvue bokes of Engelond, And y schal prey hym þat ilke weys, Als he ys corseinthe holy. & curteys, He gyuegif. me grace wel to seye, . & rightly þys in rym to leye, Þys story þat ys seyd þorowsaid of. Peres, Þat alle be payed þat hit heres. Amen!There are only 16,630 lines in the MS., as 100 line numbers are left out between 12,899 and 13,000 on p. 451.