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Die im Folgenden, soviel ich weiss, zum erstenmal gedruckten Verse befinden sich in der Handschrift der Bodleiana Rawlinson F 32, auf welche mein lieber Freund Napier die Güte hatte, mein Augen∣merk zu richten, da sie zu den bisher bekannten vier Hss. von Lyd∣gates Erzählung von den zwei Kaufleuten (Archiv LXXXV, 57 und LXXXVI, 291 f.) als fünfte hinzukommt. Sie ist etwa im dritten Viertel des fünfzehnten Jahrhunderts geschrieben. Ausser in der Über∣schrift am Anfang des Gedichtes finden wir auch vorn S. 2 r in dem gleichzeitigen Inhaltsverzeichnis den Titel The Proverbis of wisdome, während es am Schluss Vulgaria prudentum genannt wird.
Schwerlich haben wir es mit einem einheitlichen Werke zu thun. Vielleicht sind sogleich die ersten beiden Verse erst später dazugekom∣men. Jedenfalls steht der Plural sonnes V. 1 im Widerspruche mit þy V. 5. 8, þou V. 16 u. s. w. Freilich könnte man vermuten, dass der erste Reim ursprünglich gewesen sei sonne: come. Sicher scheint mir, dass die Verse 129-136 ein späterer Zusatz sind. Im Vorher∣gehenden gehören nie mehr, als zwei, Verse zusammen, und nun schliesst der Sinn erst mit dem achten ab. Dazu kommt, dass in diesen acht Versen nicht der Belehrende redet, sondern der Belehrte. Das geschieht zwar auch V. 19, aber hier liegt die Sache doch anders. Hier wird die Äusserung eines Unerfahrenen angeführt, um von dem besser Unterrichteten berichtigt zu werden: an unserer Stelle ist da∣gegen der redend Eingeführte so vernünftig, dass er die Mahnung eines anderen gar nicht braucht. Ich vermute aber, dass die Hand, welche diese acht Verse hinzugefügt hat, auch für die folgenden zehn ver∣antwortlich ist. V. 137 ist von V. 4 nur wenig verschieden, V. 138
deckt sich inhaltlich mit V. 8 und V. 141 mit V. 84, V. 142 berührt sich in Inhalt und Form nah mit 45. V. 143-146 endlich sind formelhafte Schlussverse, die sehr wohl von einem Schreiber herrühren können: so wird ihm auch wohl V. 139 f. zuzuschreiben sein.
Noch jünger muss natürlich sein, was auf diesen offenbaren Schluss folgt. Dies sind zunächst V. 147-156, die unter einer be∣sonderen Überschrift die Zehn Gebote bringen, deren jedem je eine Zeile gewidmet ist. An die Zehn Gebote ist sodann ein Verspaar ge∣fügt (V. 157-158), das auf sie Bezug nimmt und auch jetzt noch fast wörtlich so im Volke umläuft (s. Anm.). Es kommen dann noch drei Lehren, von denen sich die beiden ersten (V. 159 f. 161-166) auch sonst mehrfach nachweisen lassen, während von der dritten (V. 167 f.) wenigstens eine Variante beizubringen ist.
In keinem Teile des Denkmals kommt ein Reim vor, der bewiese, dass das unbetonte e im Auslaut eines mehrsilbigen Wortes noch ge∣sprochen worden wäre: für Verstummen sprechen was: passe Inf. 27. 81; wend Inf.: frend 29; art (ae. eart): hert (ae. heorte) 41; gyle: perell 43; knytt Konj.: wytt Sb. 55; hend (ae. gehende): frend 71; late Adv.: estate (nfrz. état) 79; ese (nfrz. aise): pease (nfrz. paix) 101; betid Partic.: abyde Inf. 105; henne (ae. heonone): menne (ae. men) 109; son (ae. sôna): non (ae. nân) 115 u. s. w. Ausser in dem zuletzt angeführten Reime erscheint ae. â als o gesichert in do (ae. dôn): fo (ae. gefâ) 97. Die Fortsetzung des ae. y als Umlauts von u ist mit i oder y = ae. i gebunden in begynne (ae. beginnan): synne (ae. syn) 3; synne: wynne (ae. gewinnan) 137; knytt (ae. cnytte): wytt (ae. wit) 55 (dagegen ist lyst [ae. lyst oder lust]: wyst [ae. *ge∣wist] 89 nicht beweisend, da auch lust: wust möglich wäre. Ebenso sind natürlich edwyte: lyte 103 und lyte: chyde 119 ausser An∣schlag zu lassen). Die beiden Reime mynd (ae. gemynd): end (ae. ende) 87 und frend (ae. frêond): vnkynd (ae. uncynde) 163 sind jedenfalls für den Schreiber unrein gewesen, V. 41 f. hiess es ursprünglich entweder ert: hert oder art: hart, 43 f. gyle: peril, 141 f. pete: cherite. Stimmhafter und stimmloser Kon∣sonant reimt 101 f. ese: pease; 119 f. lyte: chyde (doch vgl. Anm.); l und r 129 f. stele: swere, 153 f. stele (Hs. stere): bere; n und m 1 f. sonnes: comys; f und þ 155 f. wyff: lyeþe. Wegen 65 f. sought: ought vgl. zu V. 66. Auch Lydgate reimt mynde: ende; vgl. Schick, Temple of Glass LXI.vielleicht aber auch für den (oder die) Dichter. Für das Partic. Perf. Pass. starker Verba ist der Abfall des n gesichert durch speke Konj.: wreke 61. Wir begegnen
ihm auch in den Reimen fore-yete: mete Inf. 26; i-shote: mysgote 113; threte 1. Pers. Sg.: bete 131, aber hier könnte man überall ein n ansetzen. Freilich kommt kein einziger Reim vor, der Erhaltung des Infinitiv-n bewiese, dagegen sehr viele, die seinen Abfall ausser Zweifel setzen; vgl. 3. 23. 28. 29. 50. 58. 85. 91. 106. 120. 136. 138. 139. Was die Personalendungen des Verbums betrifft, so kommen in Be∣tracht comys Pl. 2 (: sonnes, doch s. oben); þou canne (ae. canst) 60: man; lyeþe (ae. ligđ, lîđ) 155: wyff. Ist wasse 82 Sing. (vgl. Murray I, 225 c 3) oder Plural? Für den Dichter beweist natürlich nichts vsyþe: refusythe 9 f. Wie hier (V. 10 ist all honowre Subjekt, nicht etwa bloss all), hat der Schreiber immer þ oder th in der Endung der 3. Sg. Prs. Ind.: comyþe 11. 49. 111, engendriþe 122, goyth 11, hath 12. 167, lackyþe 125, lyeth 43, makyþe 128, rewyþe 40, sayth 13, shewyth 168, stondyþe 57, syttyþe 145, tel-þe 123, turnyþe 33. Zweifel, ob der Schreiber den Singular oder den Plural gemeint hat, herrscht bei makyth 59: 108 aber ist fallyþe wohl als Plural zu neh∣men neben zweimaligem ben des Rubrikators. Der Dichter wird, selbst wenn man ihm comys 2 zuschreibt (vgl. Lydgates Temple of Glass ed. Schick LXXI), dem östlichen Mittellande angehört haben: ihn noch ins 14. Jahrhundert zu setzen liegt kein Grund vor.
Bei dem Abdruck der Verse habe ich den Gebrauch der grossen Buchstaben geregelt und die Interpunktion, gelegentlich auch Binde∣striche hinzugefügt. Die auf den Text folgenden Anmerkungen weisen vorzugsweise einzelne von den Sprüchen anderwärts nach: ich habe mich aber dabei im allgemeinen auf das Englische beschränkt und nur ab und zu auch lateinische Fassungen angeführt. Von Hazlitts Eng∣lish Proverbs hat mir nur die erste Auflage (London 1869) vorgelegen. Heywood ist, wenn ich nichts Besonderes bemerke, nach dem Neudruck der Spenser Society angeführt (The Proverbs and Epigrams of John Heywood. Reprinted from the Original [1562] Edition, and collated with the Second [1566] Edition; with an Appendix of Variations. 1867).
4 Drede god and fle fro synne. V. 137 Love god and fle fro synne. Angl. XIV, 485 Drede god and fle from synne. The Babees Book 72, 53 Fyrst dread you god and flye from sin. 82, 3. 4 Fyrst serue god, then the worlde, And euer flye from sinne.
8 And then heven shall be þy mede. V. 138 And so may thow heuyn wynne. Vgl. auch V. 158.
9. 10 Who that in youth no vertew vsyþe, In age all honowre hym refusythe. Reliquiae antiquae I, 92 He, that in ȝouthe no vertu usit, In age alle honure hym refusit (vgl. Hazlitt 182). The Babees Book 332, 14 f. Who so in youthe no vertu vsith, In age all honour him refusith (s. auch Hazlitt 474); 72, 51 f. If in youth ye want vertue, In age ye shall lack honour.
11 Pryde goyth be fore, and after comyþe shame. Sharman zu Heywood S. 46, Anm. 20 führt aus dem Treatise of a Gallant (c. 1510) an Pryde gothe before, and shame cometh behynde. Heywood (vgl. Hazlitt 319) 22 Well, well (quoth mine aunte), pryde wyll haue a fall; For pryde goeth before, and shame cometh after. In derselben Form, wenn auch mit graphischen Varianten, führt Halliwell, Dictio∣nary, unter Pride das Sprichwort aus MS. Douce 52 an, indem er hinzufügt, dass es auch in Wyntowns Chronik und in Nash' Pierce Penilesse (1592) vorkommt (Ausgabe für die Sh. Society vom Jahre 1842 S. 8 O! it is a trim thing when Pride, the sonne, goes before, and Shame, the father, followes after). Eastward Hoe (John Marston ed. Halliwell III, 74) 4, 1 Nay, nay, eene let pride go afore; shame wil follow after, I warrant you. The Babees Book 82, 7 f. Pryde and disdayne goes before, And shamefastnes behynde. Ratis Raving 104, 3652 For eftyr prid oft folowis schame. Hazlitt 459 When pride rides, shame lacqueys; 319 Pride breakfasted with plenty, dined with poverty, and supped with infamy. The Babees Book 72, 56 For pryde will haue a fall. Shakspere, Rich. II 5, 5, 88 Since pride must haue a fal (vgl. Wahl im Jahrb. d. d. Sh.-Gesellschaft XXIII, 94).
Den Ausgangspunkt haben wir gewiss zu sehen in Prov. Salam. XVI, 18 Contritionem praecedit superbia, et ante ruinam exaltatur spiritus.
12 Yea, well ys hym þat hath a gwod name. Hazlitt 199 He's born in a good hour who gets a good name.
14 When bale is most, bote is nexte. Hending (Anglia IV, 186, 21) Wan þe bale is meste, Þan bote is neiste = (Anglia IV, 193, 13) Þere þe bale is mest, þere is þe bote nest = (Altengl. Dich∣tungen des Ms. Harl. 2253 ed. Böddeker 295, 176) When þe bale is hest, þenne is þe bote nest. Mätzner, Sprachproben I, 308, 181 weist auf Eule und Nachtigall hin, wo das Sprichwort zweimal vorkommt und auf König Alfred zurückgeführt wird: V. 685 ff. For Alfred seide of olde quide (And ȝut hit nis of horte islide), Wone þe bale is alre hecst, Þonne is þe bote alre necst und 697 ff. For Alfred seide, þat wel kuþe (Evre he spac mid soþe muþe), Hwone þe bale is alre hecst, Þanne is þe bote alre nest. Vgl. ferner Babees Book 119, 32 When̄ bale is hext, þan̄ bote is next. Heywood 38 Howbeit, com∣forte your selfe with this old text, That telth vs, when bale is hext, boote is next und 170, Nr. 287 'When bale is hexst, boote is next': though boote be nye, What helpyth boote where bale is euer moste hye? Ray (Ausgabe von 1768) S. 75, Bohn S. 68 und Hazlitt S. 456 führen (offenbar nach Heywood) an When bale is hext, boot is next, der letztere mit dem Zusatz quoth Hendyng unter Berufung auf Re∣liquioe antiquoe I, 113 (aus Versehen ist 112 gedruckt) und mit einer weiteren Verweisung auf When bale is greatest, then is bote a nie bore in dem pseudo-chaucerschen Liebestestament. Einige der voran∣gehenden Belege giebt auch Murray I, 634 a, ausserdem aber Curs. Mundi 4775 Quen þe bal ys alder hext, þen sum time ys bote next und Percy Fol. MS. I, 171 When bale is att hyest, boote is att next.
15 Be not to pencyf fore no desease. Lydgates Temple of Glass 1175 Euer be iocond And nouȝt to pensif for non heuynes und Schicks Anm., besonders die von ihm aus Secreta secretorum ange∣führte Stelle Be nat to pensyff = Lydgate, Minor Poems ed. Halli∣well 68. Vgl. ferner The Babees Book 54, 6 Be meeke in trouble ..., Not pensif ne þouȝtful for ony sodein chaunce.
17. 18 Gefe, where gyftis may avayle: Love is faynt, when gyftis faile. Vgl. Ratis Raving 94, 3282 f. Be nocht leful to waist
und 100, 3507 f. And gyf rewardis fore thi behuf; Fore lytill gift drawis mekil luf.
19 'I wyll please, what so betyde.' If thow wylt please, lay truthe a syde. Vgl. Hazlitt 173 (nach Clarkes Paroemiologia) He that all men will please, Shall never find ease. Sheridan, The School for Scandal II, 3 Sir Pet. Joseph is, indeed, what a youth should be—everybody in the world speaks well of him. Sir Oliv. I am sorry to hear it; he has too good a character to be an honest fellow. Everybody speaks well of him! Psha! then he has bowed as low to knaves and fools as to the honest dignity of genius and virtue.
21 Trust neuer in thyn enmy. Ratis Raving 9, 288 Thi enemys auld trow neuer in. Hazlitt 440 Trust not a new friend nor an old enemy; 403 Though you are bound to love your enemy, you are not bound to put your sword in his hand. Hending (ed. Böddeker 291, 93) Tel þou neuer þy fo, þat þy fot akeþ = (Anglia IV, 193, 12. 184, 13) Tel þou nevere þi (to þi) fo, þat þi fot slepeþ.
22 Ne deme no thyng sodenly. Chaucer (C. T. [Melib.] B 2220 = ed. Morris III, 144) The commune prouerbe seith thus: 'He, that soone deemeth, soone shal repente' und (ebenda 2325 = ed. Morris III, 153) The commune prouerbe is this, that he, þat soone deemeth, soone repenteth (vgl. Haeckel, Das Sprichwort bei Chaucer S. 28). Anglia XIV, 486 Proue the cause, or thou geue sentens.
23 Lete þy neyghburgh thy frendshep fele. Vgl. V. 48 und Anm. Furnivall, Hymns to the Virgin and Christ 106, 17 f. (= 107, 17 f.) And let þi neiȝhebor . . . Riht frely of þi frendschupe fele. Rawl. C 813 Fol. 10 v Noye nott thy neghbure in worde nor dede, Be glade to helpe hym in hys nede. The Babees Book 19, 51 God and þi neybores lufe all wey; 44, 161 Loue þan weel þi neiȝboris; 45, 172 Please weel þi neiȝboris, þat dwelle þee biside. Aber Hazlitt 270 (nach Herbert) Love your neighbour, yet pull not down your hedge.
24 What sum euer þou say, avyse þe wele; vgl. 117 A-vyse þe well, what euer þu say; 62 A-spye well, ore þou speke. Rawlinson C 813 Fol. 10 v Be well aduised, what thou seys. Lydgate, Minor Poems 150 Unavised speke no thyng toforn. The Babees Book 356 ff. Whate euer thow sey, avyse the welle als Kehrreim eines Gedichtes; 15, 90 And, what þou sayste, avyse þe welle; 21, 83 f. Off whom þou spekis, where and when, Avyse þe welle, and to what men; 89,
Ratis Raving 81, 2838 Thai (die Weisen) wyß thaim weill, ore at thai say; 96, 3344 ff. And be weil war, quhome of þou spek, Quhen and quhar, to quhome & quhy, And gar thine awne ene be thi spye. Wyse Man (ed. Fischer) α 36 ff. Therfore be ware, sone, y the pray, Where and when, sone, þou shalt say, And by whom þou spekyst oght; ähnlich β 28 ff. γ 36 ff.
25 Seld i-say ys sone fore-yete. Vgl. den Kehrreim in einem Ge∣dichte der Vernonhandschrift (s. Varnhagen, Anglia VII, 281, 19) Þat selden iseiȝe is sone forȝete. Heywood 25 (vgl. Hazlitt 330) Seldome séene, soone forgotten.
26 Att vnsett steven men may mete. Vgl. Chaucer, C. Tales (Knight. T.) A 1524 = ed. Morris II, 47, 666 (fehlt bei Haeckel) It is ful fair a man to bere hym euene; For al day meeteth men at vnset steuene. Lydgate, Minor Poems 231 (unecht) Ofte men meten at unset steven. Halliwell s. v. steven (2) führt an Eglamour 1283 Hyt ys sothe seyde, be god of heven, Mony metyn at onsett stevyn und Robin Hood and Guy of Gisborne Wee may chance to meet with Robin Hood Here att some unsett steven.
28 Owte take grace all thyng shal passe. Hazlitt 148 Grace will last, Favour will blast. Reliquiae antiquae I, 289 Nulla gratia [l. Gratia nulla] perit, nisi gratia gram(m)aticorum.
30 Ore thow haue nede, assay thy frend. Vgl. Babees Book 102, 717 ff. Fyrst seke a friend, then proue thou him, That thou wilt trust vnto; So shalt thou know in tyme of neede, What he for thee will do. Heywood 38 (vgl. Hazlitt 321) Proue thy fréende er thou haue néede, but, in déede, A fréende is neuer knowen tyll a man haue néede; 132 'Proue thy fréende er thou néede,' that canst thou no way: For without néede of thy fréende thou art no day; Hazlitt 441 (nach dem 'Paradyce of Daynty Deuyses') Try your friend ere you trust him.
32 Borowed þyng wyll hom agayn. Vgl. Babees Book 45 unten Borowyd thyng wyll home (nach dieser Stelle auch Hazlitt 92 Bor∣rowed thing will home); ebenda 45, 183 ff. Ne make þee not to seme riche with oþer mennis þing, Ne þerfore spende neuere þe more of a ferthing; For, þouȝ þou borwe faste, It must hoome aȝen at laste. Vgl. auch V. 103.
Vgl. Anglia XIV, 485 The worlde turnythe like a ball; 495 The worlde is rounde lyke a ball; 492 Fals fortune turnyth, as dothe a ball. Chaucer, Ballade de bon conseyl (Skeat, Minor Poems 193 = ed. Morris VI, 295 und 316) 9 Tempest thee noght al croked to redresse In trust of hir, that tur∣neth, as a bal.
34 Clemme nott to hygh, lest þou fall. Heywood 38 (vgl. Haz∣litt 185) He that neuer climbde neuer fell und 167, Nr. 262 'He that neuer clymbd neuer fell': sum men clyme For douys nests and fynde dawes nests sum tyme. Boke of Brome 14 Better yt ys to suffer and fortyn to abyd, Than hey for to clyme and sodenly for to slyde = Wynkyn de Wordes Druck von Stans puer ad mensam (Ames-Her∣bert-Dibdin, Typographical Antiquities II, 85) Better is to suffre and fortune tabyde, Than hastely to clymbe and sodenly to slyde (vgl. Hazlitt 85). Lydgate, Minor Poems 176 Clymb not to hihe, thus biddith Socrates; Lyndesay, Papyngo 73 Quho clymmit to hycht, per∣force his feit mon faill und Anm. bei Kissel, Das Sprichwort bei Sir D. Lyndesay S. 19, Nr. 80.
35 A fayre vertew is gwode suffrance. Vgl. Piers Pl. B XI, 376. C XIV, 205 Bele vertue est soffrance, mal dire est petyt veniance. Cato I, 38 Maxima enim morum est semper patientia virtus. Boke of Brome 14 Vertu of vertuys ys in sufferans. Chaucer, C. T. (Frankl. T.) F 773 ff. = ed. Morris III, 3, 45 ff. (fehlt bei Haeckel S. 14) Pacience is an heigh vertu, certeyn; For it venquysseth, as thise clerkes seyn, Thynges, þat rigour sholde neuere atteyne. Siehe auch 100 und Anmerkung.
36 Ich dachte zuerst an couerte st. pouerte; vgl. aber die zu V. 35 angeführte Stelle aus Piers Pl.
37 Who so self do, self haue. Heywood 16 And herein to blame any man, then shuld I raue; For I did it my selfe, and selfe do, selfe haue. Hazlitt 330 weist auf die Merry Tales of the Mad Men of Gotham hin, aus denen auch Sharman zu Heywood S. 33, Anm. 12 anführt 'Yea', said shee, 'selfe do, selfe have: many a man thinketh to doe another man a shrewd turne, and it turneth oftimes to his owne selfe.' Hazlitt citiert auch (aber ohne genauere Angabe) Gosson's Schoole of Abuse (Neudruck für die Shaksp.-Soc. 1841 S. 36) Every Duns will bee a carper; every Dicke Swashe a common cutter. But as they bake, many times so they brue: selfe doe, selfe have, Shar∣man
S. 8, Anm. 6 Eastward Hoe (Marston ed. Halliwell III, 84) 5, 1 Thou wert afire to be a ladie, and now your ladiship and you may both blowe at the cole, for ought I know. "Selfe doe, selfe have."
39 Know well, ore þou knyt to fast. Vgl. 55 Know well, ore þou knytt. Wynkyn de Wordes Druck von Stans puer ad mensam (Ames-Herbert-Dibdin, Typographical Antiquities II, 225) Knowe, er thou knytte, and thou maist slake: Yf thou knyt, er thou knowe, than it is to late (vgl. Hazlitt 254, wo ausserdem Know before thou knit belegt ist).
40 Fore ofte rape rewyþe at last. Vgl. Hending ed. Böddeker 256 Ofte rap reweþ = Anglia IV, 199, 40 Ofte rape reweþ = ebenda 190, 43 Oft and lome rake ful rewit (danach Hazlitt 301 Oft rap rueth).
41. 42 Euer, þe hygher þat þou art, Euer þe lowere be thy hert. Vgl. Rel. antiq. I, 92 Ever, the hiere that thou art, Ever the lower be thy hert und danach Hazlitt 120 Ever the higher that thou art, Ever the lower be thy heart.
43 In flateryng wordis lyeth gyle. Vgl. Cato I, 27 Noli homines blando nimium sermone probare: Fistula dulce canit, volucrem dum decipit auceps. Hazlitt 211 I can't be your friend and your flat∣terer too.
44 In fyre and watere is grete perell. Vgl. Babees Book 400, 52 Loke, þou kepe þe wel fro fyre and water.
48 With thy neygbore make no debate. Vgl. V. 23 und Ratis Raving 37, 1250 f. My sone, luf nocht til leif (s. Anm.; Hs. haf) in strif With thi nychtbouris. Babees Book 92, 357 Brable not thou with thy neyghbour, But let him lyue in rest. Lydgate, Minor Poems 67 With thy neyghburghs lyve in rest and peas.
49 After grete cold comyþe grete hete; vgl. Chaucer, Minor Poems ed. Skeat 212, 3 = ed. Morris VI, 303, 3 (Haeckel S. 7) After greet hete cometh cold.
50 When game is best, is tyme to lete. Vgl. Shakspere, Romeo 1, 4, 39 The game was nere so faire, and I am dun (dum Q2) und dazu Wahl im Jahrbuch der deutschen Shaksp.-Gesellschaft XXII, 75 und XXIII, 53 ff., wo neuere Sprichwörter, wie Give over when the play is good (at the fairest), It is well to leave off playing, when the play is at the best u. s. w., angeführt werden. Vgl. auch Hazlitt 256 Leave a jest When it pleases you best und 257 Leave jesting while
und unten V. 64 nebst Anmerkung; endlich Lyndesay, Papyngo 603 f. And, quhen ye se the court bene at the best, I counsall yow, than draw yow to your rest bei Kissel, Das Sprichwort bei Sir D. Lyndesay S. 19, Nr. 78 nebst An∣merkung.
51. 52 Off þy sorow be nott to sad, Of þy ioy be not to glad. Vgl. Babees Book 31, 75 ff. As tyme requiriþ, schewe out þi visage, To glad ne to sory, but kepe þe euene bitwene, For los or lucre or ony case sodene; ebenda 34, 22 Ne ouer myrie ne ouer sadde. Vgl. auch V. 105 und Anm.
55 Know well, ore þou knytt; vgl. V. 39 und Anm.
57 In lytyll besynesse stondyþe grete rest; vgl. 128 und Anm. Chaucer, Ballade de bon conseyl (Skeat, Minor Poems 193 = ed. Morris VI, 295 und 316) 10 Gret reste stant in litel besinesse. Skelton ed. Dyce I, 417, 1410 With litell besynes standeth moche rest.
58 Better is to bow, þen to brest. Vgl. Chaucer, Troil. (ed. Morris IV, 118) I, 257 f. The yerde is bet, that bowen wole and wynde, Than that, that brest (Haeckel S. 23). Babees Book 34, 16 And often tyme it is betere to bow, þan to berst. Heywood 18 (vgl. Hazlitt 87) Well (quoth I) better is to boow then breake und 152 'Better boowe then breake, when strainyng shall stretche'. Nay, as good breake as boowe beyonde (gedruckt beynde, aber die Ausgabe von 1598 beyond) oure retche.—'Better boowe then breake', I praise this that ye speake, But sum bend, or be bent and boude, tyll they breake.—'Better boowe then breake', it is truly spoken: Boude wands serue for sum∣what, so do not broken. Sharman zu Heywood 37, Anm. 20 verweist auf Earl Rivers' Morale Prouerbes of Cristyne: Rather to bowe than breke is profitable.
59 Euer maner and clothyng makyth man. Man vgl. einerseits das Motto Williams von Wykeham Manners makyth man (vgl. Hazlitt 273 Manners make a man, Quoth William of Wickham); ferner Babees Book 14, 34 Nurtur and good maners makeþ man; Ratis Raving 95, 3329 f. For maner makis man of valour And bringis a man to gret honor; Rawl. C 813 Fol. 9 v Grace and manerz makis a man; Hazlitt 273 Manners and money make a gentleman; ebenda Manners make (the) man (vgl. Caldecott bei Furness zu Shaksp. As You Like It 3, 2, 40); andererseits Anglia XIV, 473 Riche apparell costly and precius Makithe a man lusty, cumly and gloryus: Vestueris
60 Say not all, that þou kanne. Vgl. Hending ed. Böddeker 140 Þah þou muche þenche, ne spek þou nout all. Lydgate, Minor Poems 150 It is no wisdam a man to seyn out al. Babees Book 34, 19 Telle neuere þe more, þouȝ þou myche heere. Hazlitt 181 He that hears much, and speaketh not all, Shall be welcome both in bower and hall. Müllenhoff u. Scherer, Denk.3 XXVII, 140 Nulli carus erit, qui profert omnia, quae scit nebst Anm.
62 A-spye well, ore þou speke. Vgl. zu 24.
63 And be ware, ore þou be wreke. Vgl. Hending ed. Varn∣hagen, Anglia IV, 188, 35 (= ebenda 197, 34) Ȝef man doth þe scame and scaþe, Na take þou (Rape þou) nouht þarfor (al) to raþe Anone for to do wreche (To resen and to wreken). ... 'Betir is rede, þan res', quod Hending. Vgl. unten V. 85 Thow þou be chafyd, lete kele und Ratis Raving 101, 3540 Na weng nocht, quhil (bis) thi blud be cule. Hazlitt 150 Had I revenged every wrong, I had not worn my skirts so long und 236 It costs more to revenge injuries than to bear them. Wyse Man (ed. Fischer) γ 86 Wreke þe not, or þou wete þe soth (vgl. α 118. β 110).
63 To mekyll not thow auntermete. Laȝamon 6513 ff. (Regel, Anglia I, 209) For þe mon is muchel sot, Þe nimeđ to him seoluen Mare, þonne he maȝe walden. Chaucer, C. T. (Melib.) B 2405 = ed. Morris III, 158 The prouerbe seith: 'He, that to muche embraceth, distreyneth litel' und Minor Poems ed. Skeat 212 = ed. Morris VI, 303 Who so mochel wol embrace, Litel therof he shal distreyne (vgl. Haeckel S. 12). Guy (Auchinl.) 451 ff. Herkeneþ now, hou seiþ þe wise...: For a fole he schal him held, Þat takeþ more, þan he may weld = (Caius) And herken nowe, what seith the wise ...: 'For a fole', he seith, 'y him holde, That taketh a more burden, than he may welde.'
64 In thy most lust is gwod to lete. Vgl. Babees Book 34, 14 And leue of to pleie, whanne þee list best und V. 50 nebst An∣merkung.
65 Off spech is gwode to be sought scheint zu bedeuten 'Um Rede ist es gut ersucht zu werden'. Was die Konstruktion anlangt, so steht seche = beseche, wie Sir Tristrem 118 A letter he þer wrouȝt And sent to Rouland onan, As man of socour souȝt In kare
(vgl. Kölbings Anm.). Inhaltlich ist zu vergleichen Parvus Cato 7 Antequam voceris (viele Texte fügen hinzu ad consilium) ne accesseris, das Anglia VII, 168, 51 f. wiedergegeben wird To hem also þou ȝiue þi þing, þer of þe wole biseke, Neuer to counseyl þat þou come, But ȝif þou cleped be eke. Ratis Raving 87, 3023 Thai (the fulys) cum wncallyt to consaill. Babees Book 19, 55 Vncallyd go þou to no counsell. Boke of Brome 15 Tyll men the requere, kepe mekely þi sylens. Schwerlich ist sought = soft (vgl. zu 66).
66 Meve nott þy mode to ought. Vielleicht steht ought = oft, wie V. 112.
67 Haue no peper yn þy nose. Vgl. Piers Plowman B XV, 197 For there are ful proude-herted men paciente of tonge And boxome as of berynge to burgeys and to lordes And to pore peple han peper in the nose. Häufiger ist to take pepper in the nose. Heywood 52 He taketh pepper in the nose (vgl. Hazlitt 433); ferner 161, Nr. 212 Thou takst pepper in the nose, and yet thy nose Lookth not blacke like pepper, but red like the rose.—Thou takst pepper in the nose, which néedeth not; Thy nose without pepper is firy red whot.—Thou takst pepper in the nose, which so sesond Shewth thy nose better sesond then thy hed resond. Marston, What You Will, Vor∣spiel (ed. Halliwell I, 219) He's a chollerick gentleman; he will take pepper in the nose instantly. Vgl. ferner Nares und Halliwell unter pepper und Skeat zu der angeführten Stelle aus Piers Pl.
69. 70 Love all way þy better And grugge not agen þy gretter. Vgl. Parvus Cato 10 Maiori concede = Anglia VII, 168, 57 Ȝif stude to þe grete. Babees Book 34, 12 Vnto þi betere euermore þou bowe. Shakspere, King John 1, 156 Our country manners giue our betters way (vgl. dazu Wahl im Jahrb. XXIII, 46).
71. 72 Off þyn own all way be hend And to þy self be trew frend. Der Gedanke ist derselbe, wie z. B. Poema morale (Übungs∣buch4 59) 27 ff. Send aech sum god biforen him, þe hwile he mei, to heuene: Betere is an elmesse bifore, þenne beon aefter seouene. Ne beo þe leoure, þene þe sulf, þi maei ne đi maȝe: Sot is, đe is ođres mannes freond betere, þene his aȝe. Reliquiae ant. I, 314 (vgl. Haz∣litt 111) 'Do mon for thiselffe, Wyl thou art alyve; For he, that dose after thy (so Hazlitt statt thu) dethe, God let him never thryve', quod Tucket. Da tua, dum tua sunt: post mortem tunc tua non sunt. Mit V. 71 vgl. Babees Book 37, 20 Ȝeue of þin owne good
und 46 unten Yeve þou hem of thyne owne, mit V. 72 Cato I, 11 Dilige sic alios, ut sis tibi carus amicus = Anglia VII, 170, 153 f. Loue so wel oþere men, Þin oune frend þat þou be; unten V. 109 f. Thynk, how þy self shall henne: Care nott to mych fore oþer menne.
73 Make not to many festis. Vgl. Parvus Cato 18 Conviva (andere Convivare) raro = Anglia VII, 168, 53 Mak þi gestnyng seldene.
74 Behight nott to many hestis. Ratis Raving 95, 3309 Be nocht lefull to hicht no grant. Babees Book 19, 47 ff. Make no promys, bot it be gode, And kepe þou it with myght and mode; Fore euery promys it is dette, That with no falsed muste be lette. Chaucer, C. T. (Man of L. Prol.) B 41 = ed. Morris II, 171, 41 Biheste is dette; vgl. Haeckel S. 15. Hazlitt 320 Promise is debt (mit drei Belegen). Eueryman (Old English Plays ed. Hazlitt I, 137; vgl. Morris zu der Chaucer-Stelle bei Skeat) Strength, you to displease I am to blame; Yet promise is debt; this ye well wot. Bei H. Logeman, Elckerlijk u. s. w. S. 78 lautet der zweite Vers (= 821) unter Vernichtung des Reimes Wyll you breke promyse, that is dette? (: not). Das Sprich∣wort ist von dem englischen Bearbeiter hinzugefügt; denn im ndl. Ori∣ginal heisst es nur Ay, lieue cracht, ic make v gram.
75 Make mery at mete. Hazlitt 242 It is good to be merry at meat. Babees Book 20, 53 And at the tabylle loke, þou make goode chere. Anglia XIV, 485 Talke at thy dyner honestly.
76 Spend not, ore þou hit gete. Vgl. V. 80 und Babees Book 45, 178 f. His þrifte wexiþ þinne, Þat spendiþ, or he winne (vgl. Hazlitt 206); 94, 451 Spend in measure, as thou doest get; 98, 573 ff. Get, ere thou spend, then shalt thou bid Thy friendly friend good morrowe; But, if thou spend (gedruckt spent), before thou get, Thou shall feele much sorrowe. Hazlitt 473 Who spends before he thrives, will beg before he thinks; ebenda und 196 Who (He who) spends more than he should, Shall not have to spend when he would; 195 He who more than he is worth doth spend, E'en makes a rope his life to end.
77 Go nott mych to þe wyne. Vgl. Parvus Cato 22 Vino tem∣pera = Anglia VII, 168, 61 Amesure þe in drynkynge; Babees Book 39, 69 ff. Ne wende þou not to þe market þi borel for to selle And þanne to þe tauerne þi worschip to felle; For þei, þat tauernes
Wyse Man (ed. Fischer) α 59 Loke, þou use nevyr þe taverne = β 59 Be waar of usinge þe taverne = γ 43 Use not to mekyl þe wyntaverne. Ratis Raving 107, 3760 Fra drunkyne folk and tawarne flee.
78 And drynke nott, ore þu dyne. Vgl. Lydgate, Minor Poems 66 Upon thi slepe drynk nat of the cuppe = Babees Book 55, 5 Non cito post sompnum bibe = 54, 14 Drinke not vpon þi sleep. Hazlitt 116 Eat a bit before you drink.
79 Sope nott mych and late. Vgl. Babees Book 55, 6 Seraque (gedruckt cero que) cena nocet = 54, 16 Vse not to soupe late = Lydgate, Minor Poems 36 And use never late for to souppe u. a. an∣geführt von Fischer zu Wyse Man α 74 Neydur use no rere sopers to late; vgl. β 66. γ 50. Babees Book 56, 26 Vse no surfetis . . . Neiþer ony rere soupers, which is but excesse = Lydgate, Minor Poems 68 Suffre no surfetis . . . Ware of reresoupers and of gret excesse. Rel. ant. I, 208 (vgl. Hazlitt 22) A little in the morninge, nothing at noone, And a light supper doth make to live longe; Hazlitt 261 Light suppers make clean sheets.
80 And spend after thyn estate. Vgl. V. 76; ferner Anglia XIV, 486 After thy purs maynteyne thy fare: Tyme is to spende, tyme is to spare und ebenda After thy degre pretende, As thy sub∣staunce is, to spende.
84 Fro þe poere turne neuer þy face. Vgl. V. 141 Of þe pore haue pety und Anm. Wyse Man (ed. Fischer) α 154 And pore men of þy gode þou dele. Babees Book 19, 57 Scorne not þe pore; 44, 170 And help þe poore at neede; 56, 35 To poore folk do þou no violence = Lydgate, Minor Poems 67 = Babees Book 55, 15 Pau∣peribus vmquam non monstres te violentem; 100, 654 Giue the pore of thy good. Hazlitt 479 Withhold not thy hand from showing to the poor.
85 Thow þou be chafyd, lete kele. Vgl. zu V. 62.
88 And al way þynk on þyn end. Vgl. Rel. antiquae I, 316 Man, remember thy end, And thou shalt never be shend. Anglia XIV, 486 Evyr more remembr the ende; 487 Of thy ende haue goode remembraunce. Remembre the ende, and why? So mayst thou know, certeynly, That at the last thou shalt dye.
90 There fore euer be ware of 'Had I wyst'. Anglia XIV, 486 Of 'Had I wyst' all way beware. Rawl. C 813 Fol. 9 r Bewarre, my
Heywood 5 And that deliberacion doth men assist Before they wed to beware of 'Had I wist'; 166 Nr. 256 'Beware of "Had I wyst", wyfe'. 'Oh, man, tys to late To beware therof syns thou were my wedded mate.' Hazlitt 88 weist Beware of 'Had I wist' auch als Titel eines Traktats aus dem Jahre 1555 und eines Gedichtes in dem Paradyce of Daynty Deuyses nach. Sharman in seiner Ausgabe von Heywoods Proverbs S. 7, Anm. 2 citiert eine Stelle aus den Towneley Mysteries 100: Be welle war of wedyng (= weddyng) and thynk in youre thought, 'Had I wist' is a thyng, it servys of nought (vgl. Halliwell unter Had-I-wist) und eine andere aus Witt's Recreation (1654): Here lies Wat Moon, that great to∣bacconist, Who dye'd too soon for lack of 'Had I wist' und fügt hinzu, dass Jeffries Taylor noch 1827 unter dem Titel Beware of 'Had I wist' einen Aufsatz in den Old English Sayings Expounded ge∣schrieben habe. Arthur ed. Furnivall 545 f. Þer ys no man wel nye, y tryste, Þat can be waar of 'Hadde (l. Haddi) wyste. Babees Book 15, 72 Close þyn honde yn þy feste And kepe þe well from 'Hadde y wyste'; 34, 20 Telle neuere þe more, þouȝ þou myche heere, And euere be waare of 'Had y wist'; 91, 324 Beware of 'Had I wist'; 357, 43 'Haddywyst' cometh euer to late. Hymns to the Virgin & Christ ed. Furnivall 73, 498 What helpiþ . . . Þi wissch∣ing and þin 'Hadde y wist'? Hazlitt 150 'Had I wist' was a fool. Weitere Belege bei Nares unter Had I wist und bei Halliwell unter Had-I-wist und Addiwissen.
91. 92 Who so wyll in cowrt dwell, Nedis most he cory fauell. Wegen cory fauell = curry favour vgl. Nares s. v. Favell und Skeat zu Piers Pl. C. V, 6; im übrigen kann man wohl vergleichen Ratis Raving 94, 3299 f. Gyff þow in court be raparand, Hals glaidly, be fair farand.
93. 94 Mede may spede, and þat is ruth, That mede shall spede raþer, þen trewþe. Vgl. Laȝamon 7711 f. (Regel, Anglia I, 208) Whaere is þe ilke mon, Þat me ne maei mid mede ouergan? Haz∣litt 4 A bribe I know is a juggling knave. Shakspere, Merry Wives 2, 2, 174 f. (vgl. Hazlitt 220) For they say, if money goe before, all waies doe lye open nebst Wahls Bemerkungen im Jahrb. der deutschen Shaksp.-Gesellsch. XXII, 94.
Vgl. 99 f. Hyre and se, and be styll: Suffere and haue þy will und 119 Hyre and se, and say but lyte und zum Teil auch 127 f. Hyre and se, say and do the best: Lytyll medlyng makyþe mych rest. Vgl. Hazlitt 78 Audi, vide, tace, Si tu vis vivere in pace unter Hinweis auf Maddens Gesta Romanorum = ed. Herrtage S. 175, wo den lateinischen Worten vor∣hergeht Here and see, and sey nowte: Þenne þu maiste have alle thi wille. Madden vermutete thowte für wille, um einen Reim herzustellen: allein gewiss liegt der Fehler im Vorhergehenden. Herrtage führt S. 480 aus Harl. 2270, einer Hs. der lateinischen Fassung, an See and here and holde the stylle, Than myȝt thou lyue and haue thy wylle, womit er auch schon die Verse in Add. 9066 vergleicht Here and se and hold the stille, And than thou may have all thy wille. In der Inns∣brucker Hs. der lat. Gesta ed. Dick S. 174 lauten die englischen Worte Yr (= Hyr) an se an dolye (st. þolye) stylle, Chyff (st. Ȝhyff) you (= þou) woylt af (= haf) yi (= þi) pese an al yi (= þi) wyl. Eine Anspielung auf diese Erzählung der Gesta Romanorum findet sich Babees Book 357, 45 f. The kocke seyth wysly on his song (vgl. Gesta ed. Dick. 173 Ye [= þe] koc seyt in yr [lies ys: Archiv LXXXV, 340] sang): 'Hyre and see and hold the stylle.' Vgl. ferner Babees Book 23, 101 Here and se, and sey thou nought: Than schall þou not to profe be brought. Hazlitt 192 He that would live in peace and rest Must hear and see, and say the least.
97. 98 Tel no man, what þou wilt do: That now is frend, may be fo. Vgl. Sprüche Alfreds (Morris, Old English Miscellany 131 f.) 478 ff. Wurþu neuere so wod Ne so desi of þi mod, Þat euere sige þi frend Al, þat þe likes, Ne alle þe þonkes, Þat þu þoch (= þocht) hauist; For ofte sibbie men Foken hem bituen, And, ef it so bilimpit, Loþe þat ge wurþen, Þanne wot þi fend, Þad her wiste þi frend. Rel. ant. I, 288 f. To thy frende, thowe lovest moste, Loke, thowe tell not all thy worste (l., thowe woste?), Whatsoever behappes; For, whane thy frende ys thy foo, He wolle tece (l. tell?) alle and more too: Be ware of after-clappes. Ratis Raving 96, 3357 ff. Thi secret consail neuer wndo, Bot neid or fors dryv the thar to; For þow may tell it tyll a frend, Quhilk eftyr may be vnkend And chang his loue and be thi fa. Babees Book 356, 9 ff. Avyse the, man, yn whate place and whare A woord of conseyl thow doyst seyne. Sum man may ley ther to hys ere: Thow wenyst, he be thy frend, he ys thy foo,
99. 100 Hyre and se, and be styll: Suffere and haue þy will. Vgl. zu V. 95. Mit V. 100 vgl. auch V. 35 A fayre vertew is gwode suffrance und Anmerkung, ebenso Piers Pl. B XI, 377. C XIV, 206 Bien dire et bien soffrir fait lui soffrant (ly suffrable) a bien venir. Ferner Hending ed. Böddeker 241 ff. Mon ..., Abyde fayre and stille. Abyd stille, ȝef þat þou may ... 'Wel abit, þat wel may þolye' ('Birre haued, þat wele bide mai' Anglia IV, 183, 10; 'Muchel of his wille abit, þat wel may þolien' Anglia IV, 199, 41). Anglia XIV, 481 Esperaunce in hasty aduengynge of thy will? Nay, wysdome biddithe the abyde and be still; ebenda 486 Suffer: thou shall grace fynde; 487 Discretly (gedruckt Driscretly) kepe thy tunge still: So thou mayst com to thy will; 491 Enforce thyn hart withe manly suffraunce. Lydgate, Temple of Glass 863 ff. Be not to hasti, but suffre alway wele; For in abidyng þuruȝ lowli obeissaunce Liþe ful redresse of al, þat ȝe nov fele; 1089 f. For in abiding of wo and al affray, Whoso can suffre, is founden remedie. Book of Brome 15 Make ioy, suffer and abyd. Heywood 18 (vgl. Hazlitt 301) Sens ye can nought wyn, if ye can not please, Best is to suffre; for of suf∣france comth ease; 134, Nr. 43 'Of suffrance comth ease': how shall I know that, wyfe? I haue suffred the, without ease, all my lyfe. The Paradyse of Daynty Deuises (ed. Brydges, British Bibliographer III) 30 Of sufferance cometh ease. Sharman zu Heywood S. 38, Anm. 2 citiert Marston, What You Will (ed. Halliwell I, 224) Prol. Ile give a proverbe,—'Sufferance giveth ease'. Hazlitt 347 Suffer and expect; ebenda Suffer the ill, and look for the good; 450 Well thriveth that well suffereth. Vgl. auch Chaucer, Troil. IV, 1556 (ed. Morris IV, 364) Men seyn, the suffraunt overcomth (Haeckel S. 14); Piers Pl. B XIII, nach 134 und C XVI, 138 Pacientes vincunt nebst Skeats Anm.
101 Passe ouer is an ese. Vgl. Chaucer, C. T. (Merch. T.) E 2115 (= ed. Morris II, 344, 871) Passe ouer is an ese: I sey nomore. Lydgate, De duobus mercatoribus Str. 70 They (die Frauen) love nat men make experience Of her lownesse; but, lyst (= lest) I hem dis∣plese, Ye gete no more: passe ovir is an ese (Schreibung nach Harl. 2255; in der Hs. der Universitätsbibliothek zu Cambridge lautet der letzte Vers freilich Ye gete no more of me as now: it is an ease; in Harl. 2251 fehlt die Strophe).
es ist wohl in pease oder a pease zu lesen; vgl. Lydgate, Temple of Glass 525 And was in peas and spake as þo no more mit Schicks Anmerkung und Boke of Brome 14 For better yt is to be a pesse, Than for to trete of thynges, þe wyche be not comendabyll. Vgl. im übrigen V. 111. 118. 119; ferner Chaucer, C. T. (Mel.) B 2409 = ed. Morris III, 159 Thee is bettre holde thy tonge stille, than for to speke (Haeckel S. 15). Raw∣linson C 813 Fol. 10 v Rule thy tonge by good reason. Wyse Man α 33 And, sone, þy tonge þou kepe also = γ 33 (vgl. auch Fischers Anm. S. 53). Cato I, 3 Virtutem primam esse puto conpescere lin∣guam = Anglia VII, 169, 121 f. Kep þi tonge skilfulliche: Þe furste vertu, forsoþe, hit is. Chaucer, Troilus III, 245 (ed. Morris IV, 237) That firste vertu is to kepe tonge (Haeckel S. 16). Schick zum Temple of Glass 295 führt aus einem Gedichte Lydgates an And Caton wrytt in pleyn language, The first vertu, whoo so lyst it rede: Keep your tonge froom al outrage.
103 Own is own and oþere men is edwyte. Vgl. Hending, Anglia IV, 186, 24 Owin is owin and other man is hedwite = ebenda 198, 36 Owene is owene and oþer mannes edwyt, aber ed. Böddeker 200 Owen ys owen and oþer mennes eduiteþ. Heywood 53 (vgl. Hazlitt 312) For alwaie owne is owne at recknyngis éend; 163, Nr. 227 Owne is owne Whers owne known.—'Owne is owne', these wordes I speke with eyes wéepyng; For all mine owne is in other mens kéepyng. But good is that riches where it is heapt That from thowner by no means can be keapt. Vgl. auch V. 31 f.
104 What euer þu þynk, say but lyte. S. zu V. 24; vgl. auch V. 119 Hyre and se, and say but lyte.
105 f. Be þou mery, þow þou be hard betid; Fore goddis mercy þou must abyde. Vgl. V. 51 Off þy sorow be nott to sad und Anm. Book of Brome 15 Yff thow hast lost thy good, Loke, thow takyt with myld mood And sowrow not to sore: Make ioy, suffer and abyd; For yt may so betyde, That thow schall have mych more.
109 Thynk, how þy self shall henne. Vgl. Old English Miscel∣lany ed. Morris 101 Þe on (nämlich tydinge) is, þat ich schal heonne.
110 Care nott to mych fore oþer menne. Vgl. zu V. 72.
111 Of ivell tungis comyþe grete hate. Vgl. zu V. 102.
113 A fole is bolt is sone i-shote. Vgl. Sprüche Alfreds (Old English Miscellany ed. Morris 129, 421) Sottis bold is sone iscoten =
(Hs. iscohte). Hending ed. Böd∣deker 85 (= Mätzner, Sprachprob. I, 306, 85 nebst Anm.) Sottes bolt is sone shote = Anglia IV, 184, 12 Fole is bolt is sone iscoutin = ebenda 192, 7 Sottes bolt is sone isotten. Ywain und Gawain 2168 Fole bolt es sone shot (nebst Schleichs Anm.). Reliquiae antiquae I, 208 A fooles bolt is sone shott. Heywood 48 A fooles bolte is (dies Wort fehlt in dem Neudruck für die Spenser Society, steht aber in der Ausgabe von 1598 F3v: vgl. Sharman S. 100) soone shot und 156, Nr. 185 A fooles bolte is soone shot, and fléeth oftymes fer; But the fooles bolte and the marke cum few tymes ner; vgl. auch 165, Nr. 244 'I haue the bent of his bowe, that I know'. What bolts shootst thou from that bow? Fooles bolts, I trow. Shakspere, Hein∣rich V 3, 7, 132 (vgl. Wahl, Jahrb. der Shakspere-Gesellschaft XXII, 73, Anm. 6) You are the better at prouerbs, by how much 'A fooles bolt is soone shot'; As You Like It 5, 4, 67 Du. Se. By my faith, he is very swift and sententious. Clo. According to the fooles bolt, sir. Northward Hoe von Webster und Dekker (The Works of John Webster ed. Dyce, London 1859, S. 273 a) 4, 3 Gentlemen, shall I shoot a fool's bolt out among you all, because we'll be sure to be merry? . . . Let's all practise jests one against another, and he that has the best jest thrown upon him, and is most galled . . ., shall bear the charge of the whole journey. 1614 erschien Samuel Rowlands' (für den Hunterian Club im zweiten Bande von Rowlands' Gesammelten Werken neugedrucktes) Gedicht A fooles bolt is soone shott. Hazlitt, der S. 12 auf Drama und Gedicht hinweist, erwähnt auch Pasquil's Jests ed. 1629. Ich weiss nicht, ob diese Stelle verschieden ist von der in Pas∣quil's Nightcap, die bei Murray I, 975 b angeführt wird: The grosser foole, the sooner shootes his bolt. Smollett, Roderick Random, Kap. LIII (bei Murray) Your bolt is soon shot, according to the old pro∣verb. In lateinischer Fassung Ut dicunt multi, cito transit lancea stulti belegt bei Kemble, Salomon and Saturnus S. 253 und bei Schleich zu Ywain und Gawain 2168. Statt des Narren erscheint die Frau in der Legende von der heil. Katharina in Wülkers Lesebuch I, 13, 54 (vgl. Anm. S. 130) And me schal leoue alle men, and more hit wole beo note, Þan a fol womman, as þu ert: ȝoure bolt is sone ischote = The Early South-English Legendary ed. Horstmann I, 93, 52 And we schulle betere ileue alle men (and more it wole beo note), Þane ani fol womman, ase þou art: for ouwer bolt is sone ischote und
Beves of Hamtoun ed. Kölbing S. 56, V. 1192 'Men saiþ', ȝhe seide, 'in olde riote, Þat wimmannes bolt is sone schote' (in der jüngeren Version fehlen die beiden Verse). Endlich citiert noch Mätzner a. a. O. Seuyn Sages 989 Hit is non hale To leve stepmoderes tale; For here bolt is sone ischote, More to harm, than to note.
114 Dele with no gwode, þat is mysgote. Reliquiae antiquae I, 208 Evill gotten, wors spent. Heywood 35 (vgl. Hazlitt 124) Olde folke tell That euill gotten good neuer proueth well; 62 Soone gotten, soone spent; yll gotten, yll spent; 146, Nr. 126 'Ill gotten, ill spent': be that tale true to tell, Thou art neuer lyke to spende peny well. Shakspere, Heinrich VI 3. Teil 2, 2, 46 (vgl. Wahl, Jahrb. der deut∣schen Shakspere-Gesellschaft XXII, 126, Anm. 9) But, Clifford, tell me, did'st thou neuer heare That things ill got had euer bad suc∣cesse? Hazlitt 229 Ill gotten goods thrive not to the third heir (vgl. Anm.) = ebenda 108 De bonis male partis vix gaudebit tertius heres oder De male quaesitis vix gaudet tertius heres.
115 We shall dye, I nott, how son. Vgl. V. 109, ferner Alfreds Sprüche (Morris, Old English Miscellany 112, 172 ff.) Not no man þene tyme, Hwanne he schal heonne turne, Ne no mon þene ende, Hwenne he schal heonne wende = (ebenda 113, 169 ff.) Wot no mon þe time, Wanne he sal henne rimen, Ne no mon þen hende, Wen he sal henne wenden. Old English Misc. 101, XIV, 4 (unmittelbar nach dem oben zu 109 citierten Verse) Þat oþer (nämlich tydinge is), þat ich noth, hwenne. Rawlinson C 813 Fol. 10r Thou shalle de∣parte . . ., þou wottis not, when; Lydgate, Minor Poems 229 (unecht) The secounde schyle ys, that thou shalle dye, But ȝyt, what tyme, thou woste never. Babees Book 358, 61 Thow noost, how soone thow schalt go henne. Wyse Man α 185 ff. For dethe, sone, ys, as y trowe, The moost certeyn þyng, þat ys, And none so uncerteyn for to knowe, As ys the tyme of dethe, ywys und ähnlich β 145 ff. γ 153 ff. Chaucer, C. T. (Clerk. T.) E 124 ff. = ed. Morris II, 282, 68 ff. And al so certain, as we knowe echoon, That we shul deye, as vncerteyn we alle Been of that day, whan deeth shal on vs falle = Petrarca Eque omnibus moriendum est, vtque id certum, sic illud ambiguum, quando (Boccaccio hat nichts Entsprechendes).
116 To day a man, to morow non. Vgl. Anglia XIV, 476 All worldely pleasures vanysshethe away: To day a man in golde, to morow closyde in clay. Lydgate, Minor Poems 230 (unecht) To day
(gedruckt add) gay, A morow thou lyyst by the walle. Hazlitt 414 To-day a man, to-morrow a mouse (nebsl Anmerkung).
117 A-vyse þe well, what euer þu say. Vgl. zu V. 24.
118 And haue few wordis, I þe pray. Vgl. zu 102. Ratis Raving 101, 3519 Be of few wordis in cumpany: Gret spech is takin of foly. Babees Book 3, 75 Many wordes ben riht tedious; 21, 73 Haue few wordis and wysly sette; Fore so þou may thi worschyppe gete; 39, 62 Haue þou not to manye wordis; 107 oben Be thou of fewe wordes, but suffer other to speake. Anglia XIV, 485 Speke thy wordis discretely, Loue not them to multiply. In many wordis is syn comonly: Speke litill and trewly; ebenda 490 In many wordis ys wysdome but lyte. Auch an den Kleinen Cato 51 Pauca in con∣uiuio loquere sei erinnert.
119 Hyre and se, and say but lyte. Vgl. V. 95. 99. 102. 104. 127.
120 And vse nott fore to chyde. Man könnte den Reim genau machen, wenn man flyte für chyde setzte. Mit der Überlieferung vgl. Babees Book 92, 377 Chyde not very often, for therein Gentlenesse is none.
121. 122 Be well ware of glotenye; For hit engendriþe lechery. Vgl. Chaucer, C. T. (Pard. T.) C 481 f. (ed. Morris III, 91, 19 f.) Lecherye, That is annexed vnto glotonye und (Pars. T.) I 836 (ed. Morris III, 341) After glotonye thanne comth lecherie; for thise two synnes been so ny cosyns, that ofte tyme they wol nat departe (vgl. Koeppel, Archiv LXXXVII, 41). Ratis Raving 105, 3673 Metis and drinkis delycyus Causß lichory: men sais thus. Anglia VII, 173, 357 ff. Lecherie and glotenie Fleo hem boþe bi name: Þei ben two wikked vices And bringe men ofte in fame = Cato II, 19 Luxuriam fugito; simul et vitare memento Crimen avaritiae; nam sunt con∣traria famae.
123. 124 Be ware of hym, þat tel-þe talis, Lest þou haue harme and be brought yn balis. Vgl. Hazlitt 321 Put no faith in tale∣bearers. Ferner Babees Book 56, 33 To yuel talis ȝeeue noo cre∣dence = 55, 13 Non omni mox dicto credas = Lydgate, Minor Poems 67 To every tale, sone, yeve thow no credence. Anglia VII, 173, 361 ff. Leeue þou not alle mennes tales, Deceyuet þat þou ne beo; Mon, þat telleþ mony þinges, Fals most nede sum beo = Cato II, 20
125. 126 Hasty man lackyþe no sorow: But he haue to day, he shal to morow. Vgl. Chaucer, Troilus IV, 1540 (ed. Morris IV, 364) Hastif man ne wanteth nevere care; C. T. (Mel.) B 2244 = ed. Morris III, 146 In wikked haste is no profit und C. T. (Pars. T.) I 1003 (= ed. Morris III, 359) Wikked haste dooth no profit (Haeckel S. 26). Babees Book 349, 780 The hastie man wantes neuer trouble. Heywood 5 (vgl. Hazlitt 373) In les thingis then weddyng hast showth hastie mans fo, So that the hasty man neuer wanteth wo. Sharman in der Anmerkung hierzu (S. 8) weist auf Eastward Hoe hin (Marston ed. Halliwell III, 84) 5, 1 "The hastie person never wants woe," they sey. Heywood 129, Nr. 3 The hastie man wanteth neuer woo: In hastie woman not euer soo. With suffring husbandis hasty wiues Haue oft, we sée, full mery liues. Hazlitt 18 (nach Camden) A hasty man never wants woe. Heywood 5 (vgl. Hazlitt 153 nebst Anm.) Hast maketh waste; 131 Haste makth waste: which perceiued by Slouth, Slouth will make no haste, he swers by his trouth; 5 (vgl. Hazlitt 379) The more haste, the lesse speede; 16 I am taught to know in more hast than good spéede How Iudicare came into the Créede. Lydgate, Temple of Glass 863 Be not to hasti (nebst Schicks Anm.); Babees Book 56, 34 Be not to hasti = Lydgate, Minor Poems 67 = Babees Book 55, 13 f. Nec impetuosus Sis; 91, 341 Be not hasty in a matter.—Mit V. 126 vgl. Hazlitt 225 If to-day will not, to-morrow may.
127 Hyre and se, say and do the best. Vgl. zu V. 95 u. 128. Rawlinson C 813 Fol. 10 v Other sey well or ellys be stylle. Babees Book 55, 20 Quod melius, stude proferre = 56, 40 To seie þe beste sette alle þi pleasaunce = Lydgate, Minor Poems 67 (nur alwey statt alle). Heywood 34 I sée muche, but I say little, and doo lesse.
128 Lytyll medlyng makyþe mych rest. Vgl. V. 57 und Anm. Anglia XIV, 487 Meddill litill and say the best: So shall thou leve in myche rest. Paradyce of Daynty Deuises ed. Brydges (Brit. Biblio∣grapher III) 96 If thou desire to live in quiet rest, Geve eare, and see, but say the best. Babees Book 91, 339 In little medling rest is wonne; 97, 537 Meddle little, and thou shalt fynde Therein a double ease. Heywood 47 To meddle little for me it is beste; For of little medlyng cometh great reste. Paradyce of Daynty Deuises ed. Brydges
(Brit. Bibl. III) 86 Of little medlyng cometh rest. Hazlitt 232 In little meddling lieth much rest (nebst Anm.). Chaucer, C. T. (Manc. T.) H 349 f. = ed. Morris III, 260, 245 f. The Flemyng seith (and lerne it, if thee leste), That litel ianglyng causeth muchel rest (fehlt bei Haeckel).
137. 138 Love god and fle fro synne (vgl. zu V. 4), And so may thow heuyn wynne (vgl. zu V. 8). Vgl. Anglia XIV, 485 Drede god and fle from syn . . .: So shall thou heuyn blys wyn; ebenda 476 Loue and dreade hym, and in heuyn thou shall reigne.
141 Of þe pore haue pety. Vgl. zu V. 84. Proverb. Salam. XIX, 17 Foeneratur domino, qui miseretur pauperis. Ratis Raving 106, 3699 Be euer of pur folk petousable; 88, 3079 Of pure folk haf thai (the fulys) na petee, Bot scornis thaim, quhar thai thaim see.
157. 158 fyve Sinne; seven Todsünden; x Gebote. Vgl. nyne V. 134. Halliwell, Early English Miscellanies, London 1855, S. 39 Keppe yowe wel frowe the synnys vij., And after youre end ȝe schale comme to heyvyne. Athenaeum 1893, I, 81 a führt der Beurteiler von Northalls English Folk-Rhymes aus volkstümlicher Überlieferung an Keep ten, Flee seven, Use well five, And win heaven. Vgl. zu V. 8.
159. 160 Who of plente wyll take no hede, Shal fynd defawte yn tyme of nede. Vgl. Archiv LXXXII, 210 Who so in welth takyth non hede, Shal fynde defaute in tyme of nede. Rawlinson C 813 Fol. 11r Whoo soo off welthe wyll take noo hede, Shall fynde deffalte in tyme off nede. W. de Wordes Druck von Puer stans ad mensam (Ames-Herbert-Dibdin, Typographical Antiquities II, 225) Who so of welthe taketh no hede, He shal fynde faute in tyme of nede (vgl. Hazlitt 474).
161-166 erscheinen mit geringer Abweichung in den Reliquiae antiquae I, 259 aus Harl. 941: I wold lene, but I ne dare: I have lant, I will bewarre. When y lant, y had a frynd; When y hym asked, he was unkynd: Thus of my frynd y made my foo; There∣fore darre I lene no moo. Hier schliessen sich noch zwei Verse an: I pray yo, of your gentilnesse Report for no unkyndnesse. V. 163. 164 stehen auch mit den Sinn ändernden Varianten Reliquiae antiquae I, 208 aus Harl. 2321: When I lent, I was a frend: When I asked, I was unkinde (vgl. Hazlitt 458) und V. 165. 166 ebenda I, 316 aus Harl. 116: I made of my frend my foo: I will beware, I do no more soo. Im übrigen vgl. Hazlitt 229 If you would make an enemy,
(und Anmerkung); 257 Lend and lose; so play fools.
167. 168 When man hath, what his wyll is, Then shewyth he, what he is. Vgl. Hending in der Cambridger Hs. Anglia IV, 185, 18 Wan man mai done, als he wille, þan doth he, als he is.