The Lay folks mass book; or, The manner of hearing mass : with rubrics and devotions for the people, in four texts, and office in English according to the use of York, from manuscripts of the Xth to the XVth century / with appendix, notes, and glossary by Thomas Frederick Simmons ...

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The Lay folks mass book; or, The manner of hearing mass : with rubrics and devotions for the people, in four texts, and office in English according to the use of York, from manuscripts of the Xth to the XVth century / with appendix, notes, and glossary by Thomas Frederick Simmons ... Jeremy, Dan, archdeacon of Cleveland, ca. 1170. Lydgate, John, 1370?-1451? Simmons, Thomas Frederick, 1815-1884. lxxi, 472 p. 22 cm. London : Pub. for the Early English Text Society by N. Trübner & Co., 1879. Early English Text Society (Series). Original series ;no. 71. A translation into English verse, probably from a French original, attributed by the editor to the Dan Jeremy who was canon of Rouen and archdeacon of Cleveland (York) ca. 1170. cf. Pref. Introduction.--The four texts.--Bidding prayers.--York use.--York hours of the cross.--Appendix I. York order of mass.--Appendix II. Doctrine of the Eucharist.--Appendix III. Preparation before receiving the sacrament of the altar.--Appendix IV. Manner and mede of the mass.--Appendix V. Lydgate's Merita missæ.--Notes and illustrations.--Glossary. Mode of access: Internet.

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52 CME00052 CME00052

THE Lay Folks Mass Book OR THE MANNER OF HEARING MASS

WITH RUBRICS AND DEVOTIONS FOR THE PEOPLE IN FOUR TEXTS

AND Offices in English ACCORDING TO THE USE OF YORK

FROM MANUSCRIPTS OF THE XTH TO THE XVTH CENTURY WITH Appendix, Notes, and Glossary BY THOMAS FREDERICK SIMMONS, M.A. CANON OF YORK, RECTOR OF DALTON HOLME

LONDON PUBLISHED FOR THE EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETY BY N. TRÜBNER & CO., 57 & 59, LUDGATE HILL

MDCCCLXXIX

The Lay-Folks Mass-Book.

FOUR TEXTS. B. BRITISH MUSEUM—ROYAL MS. 17 B. XVII. C (Rievaulx). CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE, OXFORD—MS. 155. E. GONVILLE AND CAIUS COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE—MS. 84 (2). F. MS. IN LIBRARY OF HENRY YATES THOMPSON, ESQ.

WITH VARIOUS READINGS FROM A. MS. ADVOCATES' LIBRARY, EDINBURGH—19, 3, 1. ART. 7. D. MS. UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, CAMBRIDGE—GG. 5. 31. No. 1.

The Lay-Folks Mass-Book, or Manner of Hearing Mass. TEXT B. Þo worthyest þing, most of godnesse, In al þis world, [hit] is þo messe. Of things on earth, the mass is of most worth; In alle þo bokes of holy kyrc, þate holy men, þat tyme, con wyrc, þo m[esse is p]raysed mony-folde; its praises have been told in church books at all times, þo [vertus mi]ght neuer be [t]olde, for if [thousand] clerkes d[id nogh]t ellis, After þat [þo boke] tellis, bot tolde [þo vertus of] messe syngynge, and þo [profet of m]esse herynge, ȝit shuld þa[i never þo] fift parte but authors, however learned, could not tell the fifth part of them, for al þaire wit & alle þaire arte, telle þo vertu [me]des & pardoun to hom þat [with devocyo]un In clennes [and in gode ent]ent dos worship [to] þis sacrament. where men of a clear conscience are minded to reverence it aright. In boke fynde I [wryten] of ane, dam Ieremy was his name, In a boke fynd I of a man þat Jeremye was his name.—A. In bukes fynd I of ane Sayne Jerome was hys name.—D. a deuoute mon & a religyus, In his boke he spekis þus; he saies, þou shulde gode tent take, Dan Jeremy gives weighty examples against talking at mass, Þat þou at þo messe no ianglyng make; grett saumpel he settis þer-to, whi hit is ful ille to do; als-so he telles þo manere, how þou shulde þi messe here. and directions for hearing it, whether sung or said, when þo preste saies he, or if he singe, to him þou gyue gode herknynge; when þo preste praies in priuete, tyme of prayere is þen to þe. when I vp-on þo boke know hit, In-til englishe þus I draw hit. which I English. when þo auter is al dight, & þo preste is reuysht right, The priest fully vested, except the chasuble, takes it from off the altar. Þen [he] takes in bothe his hende a clothe o-pon þo auter ende, and comes obac a litel doune, dos hit o-pon him al a-boune. alle men knelen, bot he stondes, and haldes to god vp bothe his hondes; þere, or he þo messe bi-gynne, He stands to make his con∣fession to the people, wil he meke him for his synne; til alle þo folk he shryues him þare of alle his synnes lesse & mare: so dos þo clerk a-gayn to him and the clerks confess to him. shryuen hom þere of al hor synn, and askes god forgyuenes, or þai bigynne to here þo mes. þo preste assoyles hom þere belyue, He pronounces absolution to literate and lay, who are willing to confess, lered & lewed þat wil hom shryue, & knowe to god þat þai are ille, wheþer hit be in loude or stille. þerfore knelande on þi knese, als þou bisyde þe oþer sese, shryue þe þere of alle þi synnes, wherefore do thou confess thy sins; and that thou mayest receive the benefit, add a Hail-mary to Pater-noster, bigynnande þus when he bigynnes, als next binethe þis robrik standes, and þer-with ioyntly hold þi handes; and þat hit so may be eke to pater and [read an] aue, and, or þou ryse, þou saie þi crede, al þo better may þou spede. and also a Creed. many saien confiteor MS. corfiteor.; were als gode saie þis þer-for. I know [to Go]d, ful of myght, A general con∣fession in English to God, the Blessed Virgin, the whole host of saints, and the priest. & [to his] modir mayden bright, & [to alle h]alouse here, & [to þe, fa]dre gastly, þat I [have s]ynned largely. In mony synnes sere: In thoght, in speche, & in delite, In worde, & werk I am to wite and worth to blame; þer-fore I praie saynt mary Pray for the prayers of St Mary and all saints, and the priest, and alle halouse haly, In gods name, and þo preste to praye for me, þat god haue merci & pyte, for his manhede, that Christ, in that He has taken our nature, would pity and forgive. of my wreched synfulnes, & gyue me grace & forgyuenes of my mys-dede. Pater. aue. credo. When þou þi crede þus has done, After confession the people stand and the priest finds his places and begins the Office. vp-on þi fete þou stande vp sone, for bi þis tyme, als I gesse, þo prest bigynnes office of messe; or ellis he standes turnande his boke at þo south auter noke. euen þen so stondande, wolde I þat þou were þis sayande. God, for þi godnes, A prayer to be said, still stand∣ing, that all present may be well prepared, and that the priest be kept this day at þo bigynnyng of þis mes, graunt alle, þate hit shal here, of conscience be clene & clere; lord, saue þo prest þat hit shal say fro temptacions to day, þat he be clene in dede & þoght, þat yuel spiritis noy him noght, without sin, þat he fulfille þis sacrament and complete the mass to the honour of Christ, His mother, and all saints; with clene hert & gode entent, first heghly to þin honoure, þat souerayne is of al socoure; & to þi modir, mayden clene, & to þi halouse alle bi-dene; & to alle þat heres hit, soul hele, the souls' health of the hearers and their friends; helpe & grace & al kyns wele; and to alle þate we haue in mynde, everlasting rest to the dead, sib [or fre]mde bi ony kynde, go[d lo]rd graunt hom for þis messe of alle hore synnes forgyfnesse; And rest & pese þat lastis ay and glory ever∣lasting to all. to cristen soules passed away; and til vs alle þi socoure sende, & bring vs to ioy with-outen ende. Amen. On hegh festis, or on haly dayes, when-so men outher synges or sayes On high days, when the Angels' song is ap∣pointed, gloria in excelsis in hor mes, saie þou þen als here wryten es. Ioy be vnto god in heuen, do thou say it as here written, with a farce in English. with alkyns myrthe, þat men may neuen; and pese in erthe, alle men vntille, þat rightwis are, & of gode wille. we loue þe, lord god almyghty, and als we blesse þe bisyly, we worsh[ip þe], als worthi es, & makes [ioy to] þe more & les; we than[k þe go]d of al þi grace, for þo g[rete ioy] þat þou hase, oure lord, [oure] god, oure king heuenly, oure god, oure fadir almyghty. oure lord, þo son of god of heuen, Ihesu crist, comly to neuen, oure lord, lamb of god, name we þe, & son of god, þi fadir fre. þou þat wostis þo worlds synne, haue mercie on vs, more & mynne; þou þat wostis þo worlds wrake, oure praiere in þis tyme þou take; þou þat sittes on þi fadir right hande, with merci help vs here lyuande, for þou art holly, made of none, bot of þi selue, & lord alone. þou art þo heghest, of wisdam most, Ihesu crist with þo holy gost, wonand with þo fadre of heuen, In more ioy þen mon may neuen; vnto þat ioy, ihesu, vs ken thorght prayere of þi modre, amen. And when þou has þis al done, knele doun on þi knese sone; Then kneel and say pater-nosters If þai singe messe, or if þai saie, þi pater-noster reherce al-waie, all through the collects and epistle. til deken or prest þo gospel rede. stonde vp þen & take gode hede; for þen þo prest flyttes his boke The priest moves the book to the north end of the altar; he makes crosses, as directed in the rubric. north to þat oþer auter noke, And makes a cros vpon þo letter With his thoume, he spedes þo bette[r], and sithen an oþer open his face; for he has mikel nede of grace, He has need of grace in reading God's word; and for þen an erthly mon shal neuen þo wordes of ihesu crist, gods son of heuen. bothe þo reders & þo herers both readers and hearers need teaching, has mykil nede, me þenk, of lerers, how þai shulde rede, & þai shulde here þo wordes of god, so leue & dere Men aght to haue ful mikel drede, when þai shuld here or els hit rede; and loue als-so vnto þat swete þat with þoo wordes oure bale wold bete bot syn oure matir is of hering but our present concern is hear∣ing, þer-of newe shal be oure lering. Clerkes heren on a manere, bot lewed men bos anoþer lere. At þo bigynnyng tent þou take, a large cros on þe þou make, Sign thyself with a cross, and standing up, stonde & saye on þis manere, als þou may se wryten here. In þo name of fadre, & son, & þo holi gost, pray in the name of the Trinity in Unity, that thou mayest gladly receive God's word. a sothfast god of mightes most; Bi [MS. bi; read be] gods worde welcome to me; Ioy & louyng, lord, be to þe. Whils hit is red, speke þou noght, At the Gospel meditate on thy Redeemer, and bot þenk on him þat dere þe boght, sayande þus in þi mynde, als þou shalt after wryten fynde. Ihesu, myne, graunt me þi grace, pray for His grace and strength to do His will. and of amendment might & space, þi word to kepe & do þi wille, þo gode to chese & leeue þo ille, and þat hit so may be, Gode ihesu, graunt hit me. Amen. Reherce þis oft in þi þoght, Repeat this to thyself, and at end of the gospel make a cross and kiss it. to þo gosple be don for-gete hit noght; Som-where bisyde, when hit is done, þou make a cros, and kys hit sone. Men oen to saie þo crede som tyme, When the mass∣creed is said, say the Apostles' creed in English, but not else. when þai saie hore, loke þou saie þine; þis þat folouse in englishe letter, I wold þou sayde hit for þo better. bot þai say hore, say þou non ellis, bot do forthe after, als þis boke tellis. here to loke þou take gode hede, for here is wryten þin englyshe crede. I Trow in god, fader of might, The Apostles' creed with a farsure in English. þat alle has wroght, heuen & erthe, day & night, And alle of noght. And in ihesu þat gods son is al-onely, bothe god & mon, lord endles, In him trow I; thurgh mekenes of þo holy gast, þat was so milde, he lyght in mary mayden chast, be-come a childe; vnder pounce pilat pyned he was, vs forto saue, done on cros & deed he was, layde in his graue; þo soul of him went in-to helle, þo sothe to say; vp he rose in flesshe & felle þo thryd day; he stegh til heuen with woundis wide, thurgh his pouste; Now sittes opon his fader right syde, In mageste; þeþin shal he come vs alle to deme In his manhede, qwyk & ded, alle þat has ben In adam sede. wel I trow in þo holi gost, And holi kirc þat is so gode; And so I trow þat housel es The Body and Blood of Christ both in form of bread. bothe flesshe & blode; of my synnes [MS. fynnes], forgyfnes, If I wil mende; vp-risyng als-so of my flesshe, and lyf with-outen ende. After þat, fast at hande, Comes þo tyme of offrande; Then go up with a mass penny, or else remain in thy place. Offer or leeue, wheþer þe lyst, how þou shulde praye, I wold þou wyst. I-whyls þou stondes, I rede þou saye, Either way, say this prayer: als next is wryten, god to paye. pey.—A. (prey.—Turnbull). pray.—D. Ihesu, þat was in bethlem borne, And thre kynges come þe by-forne, As with the Magi, so may Christ receive our prayers to His praise, þai offerd gold ensense & myrre, and þou forsoke none of þirre, bot wissed hom wele alle thre home a-gayne to hor contre. Right so oure offrandes þat we offer, and oure praieres þat we profer, þou take, lorde, to þi louyng, & be oure helpe in alkyn thyng, þat alle perels be for-done; oure gode ȝernynges þou graunt vs sone, fulfil our good desires, and be our help in time of need. of al oure mys þou vs amende, In al oure nede vs socoure sende. amen. Saye pater-noster, ȝit vp-standande Be saying pater∣nosters, whilst the priest is washing. al þo tyme þo prest is wasshande, Til after wasshing þo preste wil loute Then he bows before the altar þo auter, & sithen turne aboute. After þo weschyng þo pryst wyl lowte Þo awter kyste and storne hym a-bowte.—A. þen he askes with stille steuen, and turns to ask thy prayers: Ilk monnes prayers to god of heuen. Take gode kepe vnto þo prest, when he him turnes, knoc on þi brest, do thou smite on thy breast and pray aloud: And þenk þen, for þi synn þou art noght worthe to pray for hymm, bot when þou prayes, god lokes þi wille, If hit be gode, forgetis þin ille. for-þi with hope in his mercie, Answere þo prest with þis in hie. Þo holi gost in þe light, that the Holy Ghost may come upon him and rule his heart. & sende in-to þe right, Þo holy goste þat is on hyght Send hus grace to leue ryght. Explicit.—A. Reule þi hert & þi speking to gods worship & his louyng. Þen þo prest gos to his boke When the priest is praying, do thou kneel, his priuey prayers for to loke, knele þou doun, & say þen þis, þat next in blak wryten is: hit wil þi prayere mykel amende, If þou wil holde vp bothe þi hende and with uplifted hands pray God to god with gode deuocioun, when þou sayes þis [o]resoun, God resayue þi seruyce to receive the sacrifice of the priest and all present, And þis solempne sacrifice, for þo prest & for vs alle, þat now are here, or here be shalle, þis messe to here or worship do, þo sakring to se, or pray þer-to; And for alle þat lyuen in gods name, þat þai haue helpe fro synne & shame, for help to the living, and eternal rest to the dead. And for þo soules þat hethen are past, þat þai haue rest þat ay shal last. amen. Pater noster: Aue maria: Credo. Loke pater-noster þou be sayande, I-whils þo preste is priuey prayande; þo prest wil after in þat place Remow him a litel space, To he come til þo auter myddis. stande vp þou, als men þe biddis, The priest comes to the midst of the altar; then lift up heart and body, hert & body & ilk a dele, take gode kepe & here him wele, þen he bygynnes per omnia, And sithen sursum corda. when the priest has ended the secreta and begun the preface aloud. At þo ende [he] sayes sanctus thryese, In excelsis he neuens twyese. Als fast als euer þat he has done, loke þat þou be redy sone, and saye þese wordis with stille steuen Then say this prayer; priuely to god of heuen. In world of worlds with outen endyng þanked be ihesu, my kyng. Al my hert I gyue hit þe, yielding a thank∣ful heart unto the Lord, and praying grete right hit is þat hit so be; with al my wille I worship þe, Ihesu, blessid mot þou be. with al my hert I þank hit þe, þo gode þat þou has don to me; swete ihesu, graunt me now þis, þat I may come vn-to þi blis, that thou mayest evermore praise him with angels in the bliss of heaven. þere with aungels for to syng þis swete song of þi louyng, sanctus: sanctus: sanctus. Ihesu graunt þat hit be þus. Amen. When þis is sayde, knele þou doune, Kneel when the Canon begins, and offer thy thanksgivings and þat wyth gode deuocioune; Of al gode þou thonk god þan, And pray also-so for ilk a man And pray alswa for ilk a man.—D. Of ilk [a]state, and ilk degre, so wil þo law of charite; and intercessions for all estates of men. for-þi with-outen taryinge on þis wise be þi sayinge. Lord, Loverd God.—D. honourd mot þou be, Act of thanks∣giving for good gifts; with al my hert I worship þe; I þonk þe, lord, als me wele owe, Of more gode þen I con knowe, þat I haue of þe resayued, talents of nature, Syn þo tyme I was consayued: My lyue, my lymmes þou has me lent, my right witt þou has me sent, right mind, þou has me keped of þi grace and grace in divers perils. fro sere perils in mony place. Al my lyue & al my lyuynge All these are the gifts of our Redeemer. holly haue I of þi gyuynge; Haly I have of thi gyfyng.—D. þou boght me dere with þi blode, and dyed for me o-pon þo rode; I haue done a-gaynes þi wille synnes mony, grete & ille; þou art redy, of þi godnesse, And He is ready to forgive our sins. for to graunt me forgyuenesse Of [þes] godes, thes gud.—D. and mony moo Thanksgiving for good gifts; I þonk þe, lord, I praye als-soo þat al my gylt þou me forgyue, prayer for pardon of past sins, and be my helpe whils I shal lyue; And gyue me grace for to etchewe strength in the future, and a good will to do God's will. to do þat þing þat me shulde rewe; And gyue me wille ay wel to wirk. Lord, þenk on þo state of holy kirk, Intercessions for Church, king, and nobility. And þo bishops, prestes & clerkes, pape, bischopes & clerkes.—D. þat þai be keped in alle gode werkes, þo kyng, þo quene(3), þo lordes of þo lande, þat þai be wele mayntenande hore states in(4) alle godnesse, and reule þo folk in rightwisnesse; Oure sib men, and oure wele-willandes, & well lyfand.—D. For kinsmen, friends, tenants, and servants; Oure frendes, tenandes, tenundes.—D. & seruandes, Olde men, childer & alle wymmen, Ald men, childer, and women.—D. marchandes, men of craft, & tilmen, Riche men, & pore, grete & smalle, all of every age and station; I pray þe, lord, for hom alle, þat þai be keped specialy In gode hele & lyue haly. To hom þat are in ille lyue, for all living in sin or sorrow; In sclaunder, myscounforth, or in stryue, seke or prisonde, or o-pon þo see, for the sick and captive, the poor, banished, and dispossessed; pore, exilde, deserit, disheryd] om.—D, F. if þer be, til alle hom, þou sende socoure, to þi worship and þin honoure. To thi wyrscepe and thine honour.—D. Alle þat are in gode lyue to day, for such as stand, & clenly lyuen to þi pay, kepe hom, lord, fro alle foly, and please Thee, the grace of perseverance; and fro alle synne for þi mercy, And gyue hom grace to last & lende, In þi seruyce to hor [last] ende. unto thair ende.—D. þis world þat turnes mony wayes, order the course of this world for our good; make gode til vs in alle oure dayes; þo weders wedirs.—D. grete & vnstable, send weather that we may receive the fruits of the earth; lord make gode & sesonable; þo froytes of þo erthe make plenteuus, als þou sees best, ordayn for vs, swilk grace til vs þou sende, ordain for us as seemeth best for our everlasting glory. þat in oure last day, at oure ende, when þis worlde & we shal seuer, Bring vs til ioy þat lastis euer. Amen. Loke pater-noster þou be sayande, to þo chalyce he be saynande: þen tyme is nere of sakring, Than es tyme nere the sakering A litill bell men use to rynge.—D. At the ringing A litel belle men oyse to ryng. þen shal þou do reuerence of the sacring bell do reverence to the presence of Christ, to ihesu crist awen presence, þat may lese alle baleful bandes; knelande holde vp bothe þi handes, Knele downe & hald up bath handys.—D. And so þo leuacioun þou be-halde, for þat is he þat iudas salde, and sithen was scourged & don on rode, and for mankynde þere shad his blode, our Redeemer and dyed & ros & went to heuen, and ȝit shal come to deme vs euen, and our Judge. Ilk mon aftur he has done, Þat same es he þou lokes opone. Þis is þo trouthe of holy kirk, Warning against disbelief, who trowes noght þis mone sitt ful myrk; for-þi I rede with gode entent and advice to behold the mys∣tery with good purpose and to use some prayer at each one's liking. þat þou biholde þis sacrament. swilk prayere þen þou make, als lykes best þe to take. sondry men prayes sere, Sundyrer men prayers serer.—D. Ilk mon on his best manere. Short (3) prayere shulde be with-outen drede, and þer-with pater-noster & þo crede. If þou of aue [sic in MS. Read ane] be vn-puruayde, A prayer is set down, if no other is preferred, I set here aue [sic in MS. Read ane] þat may be sayde; I set here ane that may be sayd If thu of ane and be vnpurwayde.—D. þof I merk hit here in lettir. þou may chaun[g]e hit for a bettir. Loued be þou, kyng; lauding and blessing Christ, for all His good gifts. & blessid be þou, kyng; of alle þi gyftes gode, & þanked be þou, kyng; ihesu, al my ioying, þat for me spilt þi blode, and dyed opon þo rode, þou gyue me grace to sing þo song of þi louing. pater noster; aue maria; Credo. When þou has sayde al þi crede, þis short prayere I rede þou rede, þat next is wryten in blak letter, ful mykel shal þou fare þo better. Lord, als þou con, & als þou wille, A short prayer after the levation for mercy; haue mercie of me, þat has don ille; for what-so þou with me wil do, I holde me payde to stonde þer-to; þi merci, ihesu, wold I haue, and I for ferdnes durst hit craue, bot þou bids aske, & we shal haue; for Christ has said, Ask, and ye shall have. swete ihesu make me saue, And gyue me witt & wisdame right, to loue þe, lord, with al my might. When þou has made þis orison, þen shal þow with deuocion Make þi prayeres in þat stede Then after the sacring, pray for the dead, for alle þi frendes, þat are dede, And for alle cristen soules sake, swilk prayere shal þou make. Lord, for þi holy grace, here oure prayers in þis place, graunt now, lord, for oure prayere, that they may have part in the mass, þat cristen soules, þate passed here Graunt vs lord for oure prayeres That cristen saules that passed es.—D. fro þis lyue, þat synful esse, þat ilk one haue part of þis messe; for hore soules, I pray derly, þate I shal neuen serly, neuen serly.—D. þat þis messe may be hore mede, helpe & hele fro alkyns drede, fader soule, moder soule, breþer dere, specially for parents, kinsmen, well-wishers, and benefactors, Sisters soules, sib men & oþer sere, þate vs gode wolde, or vs gode did, or ony kyndnes vntil vs kid; and til alle in purgatory pyne, and all souls in purgatory, þis messe be mede & medicyne; til alle cristen soules hely graunt þi grace & þi mercy; forgyue hom alle hor trespasse, lese hore bondes, & let hom passe, for their release and everlasting glory. fro al-kyns pyne and [fro] al care, In-til þo ioy þat lastis euer-mare. amen. Loke pater-noster þou be prayande, Continue thy prayers till the priest concludes his, Ay to þou here þo preste be sayande per omnia secula al on hight, than the prest furt ryght Says per omnia al on heght We will saye with heghe steuen Pater noster gude to neuen.—D. þen I wold þou stode vp-right, for he wil saie with hegh steuen pater-noster to god of heuen; herken him with gode wille, and says the Lord's prayer aloud, and whils he saies, hold þe stille, bot answere at temptacionem with the response of the people. set libera nos a malo, amen. hit were no nede þe þis to ken, for who con not þis are lewed men. when þis is done, saye priuely And sethen thu say it priuely.—D. other prayer none þer-by. pater-noster first in laten, and sithen in englishe als here is wryten. Fader oure, þat is in heuen, The Lord's Prayer in English. blessid be þi name to neuen. Come to vs þi kyngdome. In heuen & erthe þi wille be done. oure ilk day bred graunt vs to day. and oure mysdedes forgyue vs ay, als we do hom þat trespas us, right so haue merci vp-on vs. and lede vs in no foundynge, bot shild vs fro al wicked þinge. Amen. Þen eft-sone þo preste wil saye, When the priest continues, listen to him. stande stille & herken him al-waye. he saies agnus thryse or he cese,(2) þo last worde he spekis of pese. In þe þat pese may noght be, If þou be oute of charyte. Thou canst not be at peace, if not in charity; þen is gode of god to craue, þat þou charyte may haue. þere when þo prest [þo] pax wil kis, knele þou & praye þen þis. Gods lamb, þat best may do þo synne of þis world a-way, therefore at the Pax, pray for peace and charity. of vs haue merci & pite, and graunt vs pese & charite. for in charyte are thre kyns loues, Charity is three∣fold: þat to parfite pese nedlyng behoues. þo first loue is certenly to loue þo lord souerenly. first to love God; þer-fore I pray þe, god of myght, þou make my loue, both day & nyght, sykerly sett euer-ilk dele soueranly to loue þe wele, þat be þi myght & gouernynge, I be euer in [þi] ȝernynge, soueranly þe to pay, In al þat euer I con or may; and pres be I, erly & late, to my degre & myn a-state, alle gode dedes to fulfylle, & to eschewe alle þat are ille. þo secunde is a priue loue, Secondly, to love thyself; þat is nedeful to my behoue, þo whilk loue is propirly so that there may be peace between the spirit and the flesh. by-twix my soule & my body. þerfore make þou, gode lorde, my body & my soule of one a-corde, þat ayther part by one assent serue þe with gode entent. Let neuer my body do þat ille, þat hit may my soule spille. þo thrid loue is with-outen MS. adds doute. to loue ilk neghtbar me aboute[n], Þe thirde luf es with-outene To ilk a neghbur me a-butene.—D. and of þat loue for no þing cese, The third is external, or peace between man and man in the love of thy neighbour, þerfore I pray þe, prince of pese, þat þou wil make, als þou may best, my hert to be in pese & rest, & redy to loue alle maner of men, My sib men namely, þen Neghtburs, seruandes, & ilk sugete, felouse, frendes, none to forgete, bot loue ilk-one, bothe fer & nere, als my-selue with hert[e] clere, and turne hore hertis so to me, þat we may fully frendis be, þat I of hor gode, & þai of myne, haue ay ioy with hert[e] fyne. als I pray for my selue here, graunt so til oþer on selue manere, so þat ilk mon loue wele othere, that so in love and charity with all men and with God, as he were his owne broþere. And swylk lufe o-mang vs be Þat we be wel lufed of þe. Þat by þis haly sacrament.—D. swilk loue among vs be, þat we be wel loued of þe; þat be þis holy sacrament, by the mass and presence of the sacrament, þat now is here in present, and be þo vertu of þis messe, we mot haue forgyuenesse we may obtain forgiveness and grace. of al oure gilt & al oure mys, & be þi help come to þis blis. Amen. Loke pater-noster þou be sayande, I-whils þo preste is rynsande. when þo preste has rinsynge done, After the rinsing the priest goes on with his service; opon þi fete þou stonde vp sone. þen þo clerk flyttis þo boke the mass-book being brought again to the south end, as at the office. agayne to þo south auter noke, þo preste turnes til his seruyce and saies(2) forthe more of his office. þen with-outen tarying on þis wyse be þi saying. Then do thou say this prayer to Christ for pro∣tection in all dangers; Jhesu, my king, I pray to þe, bow doun þin eren of pyte, And here my prayer in þis place. gode lord, for þi holi grace for me & alle þate here ere, þat þou vs kepe fro alkyns were, þat may byfalle on ony way, In oure dedes do to day, wheþer we ryde, or be goande, lyg, or sitt, or if we stande; what sodan chaunce þat comes vs tille, and that, if pre∣vented by sudden death, hearing this mass may avail instead of absolution and the viaticum. oþerwayse þen were oure wille, we praye þis messe vs stande in stede of shrift, & als of housel-brede. And, ihesu, for þi woundes fyue, wys vs þo waye of rightwis lyue. Amen. When þis is saide, knele doun sone, saye pater-noster til messe be done, Keep repeating paternosters till the mass is done, for þo messe is noght sest, or tyme of ite, misa est. þen when þou heris say ite, or benedicamus,(2) if hit be, þen is þo messe al done; bot ȝit þis prayere þou make right sone; and then say this prayer, after hit, wele þou may In gods name wende þi way. ga thi way.—D. before leaving. God be þonked of alle his werkes, God be þonked of prestes & clerkes, God be þonked of ilk a mon, and I þonke god als I con. I thonk god of his godnesse, And nomely now of þis messe, specially for this mass, and of alle þo prayers þat here are prayde, and pray for its acceptance. pray I to god þat he be payde. In mynde of god here I me blesse, Crossing thyself, in memory of Christ, ask the blessing of the Blessed. with my blessyng god sende me hesse. In nomine patris & filii & spiritus sancti. Amen. Pater noster. Aue maria. Credo. How þou at þo messe þi tym shuld spende Here ends my treatise. The rubric is good to refer to, and the prayers to learn by heart. haue I told: now wil I ende. þo robryk is gode vm while to loke, þo praiers to con with-outen boke. hit is skille with-outen doute, þat ilk mon [þe] messe loue & loute, It is doubtless reason to honour the mass, for of alle in þis world, þen is þo messe for I have shown it worth more than all besides. þo worthiest þing, most of godnesse. Explicit. Amen. fiat. TEXT C. (Incip. Praemia Missae.) THe worthyest thynge, þe maste of gudnes, In alle þe werlde, þan is the mes. In alle þe bokes of haly kyrke, Þat haly men, þat tyme, gone wyrke, Þe messe is praysed many falde; Þe vertues may neuere be talde; For if a M^l clerkes did noght els, After þat þe boke tels, Bot talde þe vertus of messe singynge, And þe profet of the messe herynge, Ȝitte soulde thay neuere fifte parte For alle þere crafte and þere arte, Telle þe vertus, medes, [and] pardone To þame þat with deuocyon In clennes and gode entente Dos worschyp to þat sacramente. In boke fynde I writen of ane, Saynte Ierome was his name, In a boke fynd I of a man þat Jeremye was his name.—A. In bukes fynd I of ane Sayne Jerome was hys name.—D. A deuoute man and religyous, In his buke he spekes thus: He says þou soulde gude entent take Þat þou at þe mes na Iangelynge make; Grete ensaumple he settes þere-to Why it is fulle ylle to do; Als swa he telles how Þou soulde þe mes þat þou heris now. ¶ When the priest sayes, or if he synge, To hym þou gif gude herkenynge. When the prieste prayes in priuate, Tyme of prayere than is to þe. If þou apon the boke kan knawe it, Into Inglische þou drawe it. Readers who may be able to construe Latin may translate for themselves. ¶ When þe priest hym revistis, and þe messe bigynnes, And mekes hym to god for his synnes, When þo prest revestis hym mass to be-gyn and mekis hym to God for his syn.—A. When the prest revest mess by-gynnys and mekes hym to god for hys synnes.—D. Þan say þou with hym þy Confiteor, Or elles on ynglische þus þer-fore. I knawe to god fulle of myght, And to his moder, mayden bryght, And to alle halowes here, And to þe, fader gastly, Þat I haue synned largely In many synnes sere. In thoghte, in speche, and in delyte, In worde, in werke, I am to wyte And worthy forto blame. Þerfore I praye the, marye, And thy halowes haly, In goddes haly name, And þe priest to praye for me, Þat god haue mercy and pite for his grete mede Of my wricchyd synfulnes, And gif me grace of forgifnes Of my mysdede. Amen. ¶ When þou þere þy confiteor has done, Say a pater-noster and an Aue fast þereon: Þan with-owten any tariynge On þis wise be saiynge: ¶ God, for þi gudnes, At the beginnynge of þis mes, Graunte alle þat it salle here Of þere synnes þat þay be clere; Lorde, saue the priest, þat it salle saye, Fra temptacyon þis ilke daye, Þat he be clene of wille and thoght, Þat þe ille wild spirite noy hym noght, Þat he fulfille this sacramente With clene herte and gude entent; Firste hyghly to þe honour, Þat suffrayne is of alle socour, And to þe, moder, mayden clene, And to thy halowes alle be-dene, Þat this mes be tille oure sawlle hele, Helpe and grace in allekyns wele; and to alle þat we have in mynde, Syb and fremd be any kynde, Gode lorde, graunte for this mes Of þere synnes forgifnes, And reste and pes þat lastes aye To cristenyd sawlles passyd awaye; And to vs alle thy socour sende And brynge vs alle to þy ioy with-outen ende. Amen. ¶ If þou of letter kan, To þe priest herken þan If literate, Hys office, prayere, and pistille, And answere þere-to with gude wille, then make the responses, or read the Latin: Or on a boke þy-selfe it rede. I wate þerfore nane vnspede I wat thar-off na noye bede.—D. If þou kan noghte rede ne saye · if not, say pater∣noster; thy want of learning will not hinder thy prayer. Þy pater-noster rehers alwaye To Dekyn or preste þe gospelle salle rede Þere-tille þou take righte gude hede; At the biginnynge tente þou take A large crosse on þe þou make, Saiand þus on this manere, Als þou may se writen here: ¶ Þe name of the fader and sone and haly gaste, And [Sic MS. Read a=one.] sothfast god of myghtes maste, Goddes wordes be welcome vnto me, Ioy and louuynge, lorde, to þe. After þe gospelle ay whil þe crede. Þe tyme is nere with-owten drede Þat men soulde profer þere offrandes, Or the priest take water to his handes. Offer or leve, whether þe liste; How þou soulde praye I walde þou wyste. Als nexte is writen, I rede þou saye, On this manere, god to paye. pey.—A. (prey.—Turnbull). pray.—D. Ihesu, þat was in bedlem borne, And thre kynges come þe biforne; Þere thay offerd þe golde, ensens, and myrre, And þou forsoke noon of þir, Bot wyssed (2) þame wele alle three Hame agayne to þere cuntre. Right so oure offrandes þat we offyr, And oure prayers þat we profere, Þou take, lorde, to thy lowynge, And be oure helpe in alkyn thynge, Þat alle perils before [Sic in MS. Read be for-done.] done, Oure gode ȝernynge þou graunte vs sone, Of alle oure mys þou vs amende, In alle oure nedes vs socour sende. Amen. After the waschynge, þe priest wille loute Þe awter, and sithen turne hym aboute; After þo weschyng þo pryst wyl lowte Þo awter kyste and storne hym a-bowte.—A. Þat he askes with stille steven Ilke man prayers to god of heuene. Swilke prayers I walde ȝe toke Als nexte folowes on the buke. ¶ The haly gaste in þe light, And sende grace into þe righte Þo holy goste þat is on hyght Send hus grace to leue ryght. Explicit.—A. To rewle thy herte and þy spekynge To godes worschep and his lovynge. God resceyf thy servyce, And this solempne sacrifice For the priest, and for vs alle, Þat now er here, or [here] be salle, this mes to here, or worschep do, Þis sacrynge to se, or praye þere-to; And for alle, þat leves in goddes name, Þat thay be kepyd fra synne and schame; And for the saulles, þat er past, Þat thay have reste þat euere salle laste. ¶ The priest wille than in þat place Sethen bigynne the preface, Þat begynnes with per omnia, And sethen with sursum corda; And at the ende says sanctus thryes, In excelsis he newen bot twys. Of alle gude þou thankes god þan, And praye also [for] euere ilke aman And pray alswa for ilk a man.—D. Of ilke a-state and ilke degre, So wille the lawe of charite; Þer-fore begynne this prayere sone, When þe preste the preface has doone: Oure lorde, Loverd God.—D. honourde þou be; With alle my herte and my degre I thanke the, lorde, as me wele awe, Of mare gude, than I kan knawe, Þat I haue of þe resceyved Sen the tyme I was consauyd; My lyfe, my lyms, þou has me lente, My righte witte þou hase me sente; Þou has me kepid of thy grace Fro many perils in many place; Alle my helpe and my levynge, Haly hafe [I] of thy givynge. Haly I have of thi gyfyng.—D. Þou boghte me dere with thy bolde, And dyed for me opon the rode; I have done agayne thy wille Synnes many, grete and ille; Þou erte redy of thy gudnes Forto graunte me forgifnes. Of this gude thes gud.—D. and many ma I thanke the, lorde, and prayes alswa Þat alle my gilte þou me forgif, And be my helpe whils I salle lyf. Gif me grace forto eschewe To do þat me salle rewe, And gif me wille aye forto wyrke. Lorde, thynke of state of haly kyrke, Of the pape, byschope, priestes, clerkes, pape, bischopes & clerkes.—D. Þat þay be kepyd in alle gude werkes; the kynge,(3) the lordes of the lande, Þat thay be wele mayntennand Þere states and(4) alle gudnes, And rewle the folke in rightwisnes; Oure sybmen and & well lyfand.—D. oure wele-willandes, & well lyfand.—D. Oure frendes, sugettes tenundes.—D. and servandes. Pater noster . Aue . Credo et cetera Alle thy childer and wymmen, Ald men, childer, and women.—D. Merchaundes, men of craftes, and tilmen, Ryche and pore, grete and smalle, I pray the, lorde, for thame alle Þat thay be kepyd specially In gode hele, and lyfe haly; To thame þat er in ille lyfe, In sclaunder, myscomforth, or in stryfe, Seke men, or prisoned; or apon þe se, Pore or exsilyd, disheryd disheryd] om.—D, F. if thay be, To alle this, þou sende socoure, To hym worschep and hym honoure. To thi wyrscepe and thine honour.—D. Alle þat er in gude lyfe to daye, And clene lyues to þy paye, kepe thame, lorde, fro alle foly, And fro alle synne for thy mercy; And gif thame grace to laste and lende In þy servyce to þere ende. unto thair ende.—D. Þis werlde, þat turnes many ways, Make gude to vs in alle [oure] days; The wedders wedirs.—D. grete and vnstabille, lorde, make gude and sesonabille; Þe frute of the erthe make plentevous; As þou seys best, ordan for vs, Swilke grace to vs þou sende, Þat on oure laste daye at oure laste ende, When this werlde and wee salle seuere. Bringe vs to þat ioye þat lastes euere. Amen. Pater noster. Aue maria et cetera . ¶ Than is the tyme nere of þe sacrynge, Than es tyme nere the sakering A litill bell men use to rynge.—D. A litille belle men is to rynge: Þan is skille to do reuerence To ihesu criste awghen presence, Þat may lese alle bandes; Kneland halde vp thy handes, Knele downe & hald up bath handys.—D. And with inclinacyon Behalde þe Eleuacyon. Swylke prayere þan þou take, As the likes best forto make. Many men prayes sere, Sundyrer men prayers serer.—D. Ilke man prayes on his manere. Schorte (3) prayer soulde be with-owten drede. And þere-with a pater-noster and crede. I set here and [Read a or ane] may be sayde, If þou be vnpuruayde; I set here ane that may be sayd If thu of ane and be vnpurwayde.—D. Prayer to Christ present in form of bread. If I merke it here in letter, Þou may schewe chaunce.—D. it for a better. ¶ Welcome, lorde, in fourme of brede For me þou sufferde herd deede; Als þou bare the crowne of thorne Þou suffer me noghte be forlorne [MS. beforlorne] When the preste the eleuacyon has made, He wille sprede his armes on-brade, The priest spreads his arms abroad to form a cross, and then brings them to their former position. Sethen dres ðam [MS. dresdam] in þe firste stede; He wyll sprede his armes o-brade Sethen dresse thaim in thaier friste stede.—D. Þan is tyme to praye for þe dede, For alle cristen saulles sake, Swilke [prayere], as þou wille take. God, for thy haly grace, Here oure prayere here in this place. Graunte vs, lorde, for oure prayere, Þat cristen men, þat passed er Graunt vs lord for oure prayeres That cristen saules that passed es.—D. Fra this life, þat synfulle es, Þat ilke an have parte of this messe; For þere saulles I praye derly, Þat I salle neven sekirly, neuen serly.—D. Þat þis may be þam mede, Helpe and hele fro alkyn drede; For fader saulles, moder and brother dere, Syster saulles, sybmen and other sere, Þat vs gode wolde, or vs gude dydde, Or any kyndenes vnto vs kydde, And to alle in purgatory pyne, Þis messe be mede and medecyne; To alle cristen saulles haly Graunte þy grace and thy mercy, Forgif thame alle þere trespase, lese thame of þere bandes, and lat thame passe Fra alle pyne and fra alle kare, Into þe ioye þat lastes eueremare. ¶ When þe preste forþe [MS. for þe] righte Says Per omnia alle on heghte, than the prest furt ryght Says per omnia al on heght We will saye with heghe steuen Pater noster gude to neuen.—D. He wille saye with hygh steven his pater-noster to god of hevene; Herken hym with gode wille, And answere hym, lowde or stille, And saye it priualy And sethen thu say it priuely.—D. Other prayer noon þere by. Eftsones the prieste on-heght wille saye Be redy at answere hym allewaye Herken how he spekes on pes, Says agnus thryes or he ses.(2) In þe þat pes may [þou] noght be If þou owte of charite be; than is gude on god to craue, Þat þou charite may haue. Wharfore when the priest þe pax wille kysse, loke þat þou be sayand this: Goddes lambe, þat best maye, Do the synne of þis werlde awaye, Of vs haue mercy and pite, And graunte vs pes and charite. For in charite er thre kynde loues, Þat perfet [MS. profet] pes nedlynges behoues The firste luf is certanly To thy lorde souerandly. Þerfore I praye the, god of myghte, Þou make me lowe bothe daye and nyghte Be sikirly set euerilke a dele Soueranly to luf þe wele; Þat be thy myghte and gouernynge, I be euere in thy ȝernynge, Soueranly þe to paye In alle þat euere I kan or maye; And pyrst be, arly and late, To my degre and myne astate, Alle gude dedes to fulfille And to eschewe [alle] þat er ille. ¶ Þe secunde is a priuay luf, Þat nedfulle is to my behoue, Whilke loue is propirly Betwix the saule and þe body. Þere make þou, gude lorde, My body and my saulle accorde, Þat ayther be of oon assente To saryf the with gude entente, And lat neuere my body to þat ille, Þat it may my saulle spylle. ¶ Þe thyrde luf is with owten doute, To luf thy neghbur the aboute, Þe thirde luf es with-outene To ilk a neghbur me a-butene.—D. And of þat luf for no thynge þou ses Þerfore I praye the, prynce of pes, Þat þou wille [make], as þou may best, Mikelle to be in pes and reste, And redy to luf alle manere of men, My sybmen namely, than Neghburs, seruauntȝ, and ilke suget, Felawes, frendes, nane forget, Bot luf ilkane fer and nere Als my selfe with herte clere, And turne þere herte swa to me Þat wee fully frendes be, Þat I of þere gude, and thay of myne, Have a ioye with herte fyne. Als I praye for my selfe here, Graunte so to other on this manere, So þat ilke man luf wel other Als he ware his awen brother, And swylk lufe o-mang vs be Þat we be wel lufed of þe. Þat by þis haly sacrament.—D. And amange vs, be þat sacramente Þat now is in presente, And be vertue of this messe, Wee mowght have forgifnesse Of oure gilte and oure mys, Þat wee may come vnto thy blysse. ¶ When the preste hase [rynsyng] done, He wille speke say.—D. on-heghte sone More forthe of his offys, And sethen make ende of þat servyce. Euere þou gif gude herkenynge, lowde or stille aye answerynge, For þe mes is noght sest, Or þe tyme of ite MS. ita. missa est. When þou has saide Ite, Or benedicamus,(2) wheder it be, Þan is the messe alle done; Bot ȝitte this prayer þou saye sone. After þat wele þou maye In goddes name lyve to paye. ga thi way.—D. God be thanked of alle his werkes, God be thanked of priestes and clerkes, God be thanked of ilke a man, And I thanke hym in þat I kan; I thanke god of his gudnes, And alswa of this mes; And of alle the prayers, þat here er prayed, I pray hym þat he be payed. In mynde of god here I me blysse, With my blissynge god sende me hys. How tyme of the messe is spendyd, Have MS. How. I talde: now wille I endyd. Þe rubryke is gude vmwhile to luke, Þe prayers to cun with-owten buke. It is swilke with-owten doute Þat ilke man þe mes luffes and lute, For of alle thinges in þis werlde is þe mes The worthyest and maste of gudnes. Expliciunt premia misse; TEXT E. A Worthy þyng, moste of godnesse, In ałł þe world, hit is þe messe. In al bokus of holy kyrke, þat holy tyme men con̄ wyrke þe messe is preysud mony-folde; þe vertuus may neuer be tolde. þaf a M^le clerkus dyd noght ellus, But after as þis boke tellus, But told þe vertuus of messyngynge, And þe profettus of messe herynge, Ȝyt schuld þei neuer telle þe fyfte parte, ffor ałł hore wytte and ałł artte Telle þe vertuus medus and pardon̄ To hom̄ þat han̄ deuocion̄ In clannes and in gud entent Dos worschyp to þe Sacrament. In a boke fynde I of on̄, Dane Ieremi was his nome, In a boke fynd I of a man þat Jeremye was his name.—A. In bukes fynd I of ane Sayne Jerome was hys name.—D. A deuowte mon̄ and religyus, In hys boke he tellus þus: þat þou schalt gud tent take, At þe messe no yangullyng make. Grete sampul he settus þer to, Why hit is ful hely to do: Also he tellus þo manere How þou schalt þo messe here. When̄ þe preyst says, or yf he syng, To hym þou gyf gud herkenyng: When̄ he preyus in priuyte, Tyme of preying is þen̄ to þe. When̄ he oponowt þe boke me kneu hyt In to englys he turneth hyt. When̄ þe awter is ałł dyght, And þe prest is re-wesshut ryght, þen̄ he takus in bothe is hondus A chesepułł on̄ þe awter hongus, And komus a lytul downe, And dows hyt al a-poune. Ałł men knelun, bot he stondus And holdyt vp botħ hys hondus: þer, or he þe messe be-gynnus, Wel he makunhyt hym of ałł hys synnus; To ałł þe folke he schryues hym ȝare Of ałł hys synnus lesse and mare. So dos þe clerke a-ȝeyn̄ to hym̄ Schryuet hym þere of ałł hys syn̄, And askut god for-ȝyfnes, Or þey be-gynne to here þo messe. þe prest asoylus hem̄ þer blyue, lerud and lewd þat wyl hem schryue And know to god, þat harowd helle, Wheþur hit be lowde or stylle. þer fore kneland on̄ þi kneus, As þou be-syde oþer seus, Schryue þe þer of ałł þi synnus, By-gynnand þus as þou bygynnus, As nexte þis rubrycħ stondus And þer wyht iountly hald þi hondus; And, þat hit so may be, Eke þerto say pater noster and aue, And or we say þe crede, Al þe bettur we may spede. Mony sayn̄ confiteor, Were als gud say þis þer-for: I know to god ful of myght, And to hys modur, mary mayd bryght, And to ałł halows here, And to þe fadur gostely, I haue synnud largely, In mony synnus sere, In þowthg, in speche, and in delyte, In word, in werke, I am to wyte, And worthy for to blame. þerfor I pray sent Mari And ałł þe halows holly, here in goddus name, And þe prest to pray for me, þat god haue mercy and pete, ffor his mon̄-hedde, Of my wrecched synfulnes, And gyf me grace of for-ȝyfnes Of ałł my mysdede. pater noster Aue and Crede When̄ þou þus þi crede has done, Vp-on̄ þi fete stond vp sone, ffor be this tyme, as I gesse, þe preyst begynnus þe offys of þe messe, Or ellus he stondus turnand his boke At þe sowt awter noke. Anon̄ so stondande, Wold I þat þu were seyande: Lord, for þi godnesse, Let hym bygynne þo offesse of þe messe. Grawnt ałł þat hit schałł here, Of conciens gud and clere. Lord saue þe preyst þat hit schałł say ffro ałł temtacion̄ to day, þat he be clene in dede and þowght, þat hille spiritus nye hym noght, þat he fulfylle þe sacramente Wyt clene hert and gud entente, ffurst heley to goddus honowre, þat sufren̄ art of ałł socowre, And to þi modur, maydon̄ clene, And to þi halows ałł by-dene; And to ałł þat herun̄ hit sowle hele, Helpe, and grace of ałł kynnus wele; And to ałł þat we haue in mynde, Syb or fremde or any kynde, God grawnt hom̄ for þis messe Of ałł hor synnus for-ȝyfnesse; And reste and pes þat last-het ay To cryston̄ sowlus passe and way; And to vs ałł þi socur sende, And brynge vs ałł to gud ende. On Sunday or on̄ holi dayus, Wheþur-so men̄ syngus or sayus, Gloria in excelsis in hor messe, Say þou þen̄ as here wryton̄ is: Ioy be on-to God in hewon̄, Wyt ałł kynnus myrthe, þat mon̄ may newon̄ And pees in herthe ałł men̄ to tełł

[A line left out in MS.]

We loue þe, lorde ałł-myȝthy, And also we blessun̄ þe bysyly; We Worschyp þe, as worthy is, And makun̄ to þe joy more and lasse; We þonkun̄ þe, lord, of ałł þi grace ffor þe grete joy þat þou hase, Howre lord owre god kyng lelly, Owre god, owre almyȝthy, Owre lord of hewon̄, Ihesu criste, comely to newn̄, Owre lord, lombe of god, neme we þe, And sun̄ of god, þ[i] fadur fre. þou þat wastus þe wordus synne, Haue mercy on̄ vs, more and mynne; þou þat wastus þo wordus wrake Owre preyer in þis þou take; þou þat syttus on̄ þi fadur ryght hande, With þi mercy helpus here lyuande, ffor þou art holy, made of name, But of þi self, lord al onne. þou art he of wysdam moste, Ihesu criste wyt holy goste, Wonnying with þe fadur of heun̄, In more joy þen̄ mon̄ may neun̄. Wn̄to þat joy, ihesu, vs kenne Wyt þe preyere of modur, amen̄. And when̄ þou hast ałł done, Knele downe on̄ þi kneus sone; If þay synge, or þay say, þi pater noster rehers alway. When̄ þo decun̄ or þe prest þo gospel rede, Stonde vp þen̄, and take gud hede, ffor þen̄ flyttu is his boke Northe to þe awter noke, And makud a ✚ on þe lettur With his þowmb he spedutħ þe bettur, And secħ a noþur on his face, ffor he hase nede of goddus grace, ffor þen̄ a hertly mon schal neun̄ þe blessud wordus of Ihesu of heun̄. Botħ herersse and redersse haue muche nede of lerersse, how þay schul rede and here þo wordus of goddus lawus dere. Men̄ auhȝt to haue mycul drede, When̄ þay schul hit here or hit rede, And lowe to þat suete, þat with þe wordus owre bale wolde bete. But sethun̄ owre mater his vp hereyng þer-of schal be owre leryng. Clercus herun̄ on̄ o manere, But lewed men̄ be-howus anoþer to lere. At þe begynnyng gud tente þou take, A large ✚ on̄ þe þou make, Stonde and say on þis manere, As þou may see wryton̄ here: In þe name of þe fadur and þe sonne and þe holy goste, On stydfast god of myghttus moste, Be goddus worde welcum to me, Ay ioy and luf be to the. "Glory be to Thee, O Lord." Whyl he hyt rede, speke þou noghte, But þynke on hym̄ þat þe dere bogthe, Sayande þus in þi mynde, As þou aftur schal wryton̄ fynde Ihesu, my lorde, grawnte me grace Of amendmente myghte and space, þi worde to kepe, and al þi wylle, þe gud to chese, and leue þe ylle. And þat hit so may be, Eke "Ihesu lord, grawnt hit me." Rehersse hyt in þi þowghte, Tyl þe gospełł be don̄ forgete hit noghte. Sone besyde when̄ hyt is done þou make a ✚ and kus hyt sone. Men̄ owght to say þe crede sum tyme, When̄ men̄ herun̄ hyt, say þou þine. þis þat folows in englys lettur I wold þou sayd hyt for þi bettur; But qwen̄ þay sayn̄, say þou not ellus, But do as þo boke þe tellus. Hereto loke þou take gud hede, ffor here is wrytun̄ þe englys crede I beleue in god, ful of myȝhte, þat al has wroghte, Heun̄ and erthe, and al of noghte. And in Ihesu, þat goddus son̄ is, al holly, Botħ god and mon̄, endles, in hym trowe I; þoro þe mekenes of þe holy gost, þat was so mylde, He lyȝhte in to mari maidon̄ chas to cum a chylde. Vndur pownse pilate pynnd was he, vs to saue Down̄ on þe ✚ and ded he was, and leyd in his graue. þo soule of hym wente to helle, þo sothe to say, Vp he ros as fel vp-on̄ þe thryd day; Vp he ros with his wondus þoro his pouste; Now syttus he on his fadur ryȝhte honde in maieste. Ȝyt schal he kum vs al to deme in hys monhedde Quyk and ded and al þat haue bene of adam sede. Wole I trowe in þo holy gost, and holy kyrke þat is gode; And so I trow þat howful is bothe flesche and blode; And of my synnus for-ȝyfnes, if I wold a-mende; Vp-rysynge also of my flesche, and lyfe with owtun ende. Aftur þat, faste on honde, Cometh tyme of offeronde; Offur wheþur þe luste, How þou schuld pray, I wold þou wyste. And whyl þou stondus, I rede þou say, As is wrytun, god to pay: pey.—A. (prey.—Turnbull). pray.—D. Ihesu, þat was in bethlem̄ borne, And iij kyngus come þe beforne, þey offurud-don̄ gold, sensse, and myrre, þou forsoke non̄ of hem̄ þere, But wyssud wende.—A. wylled.—D. hem þi wyl ałł thre Whom̄ a-ȝeyne into hore cuntre. RyȜhstrok;t so þe offeryng þat we offur, And owre preyowrus þat we profur, þou take, lord, to þi lonynge, And be owre lord of ałł kynnus þinge, þat ałł perelus beyn̄ for-don̄: Owre lord, of for-gyfnes grawntus son̄, Of ałł owre mysdedus þou vs a-mende, In ałł owre nede vs sokowre sende. Sey pater noster ryght upstondyng, Al tyme þe preyste is wassyng, þen aftur þe wassyng þo preyste wyl lowte To þo awter & syt turne hym̄ abowte.(1) þen he hasket with stylle stewon̄ Ilke monnus prayere to god of hewon̄. Take gud kepe vn̄-to þo preyste, When̄ he turnus, knoke on̄ þi breste, And thynke þen̄ for þi synne þow art ioynud to pray for hyme. When̄ þou prayuste, god locus on̄ þi wylle, If hit be gud, he for-ȝeuus þo ille. ffor-þi with hope in his mercy, Onswere þo preste with in þis hoy: [read þis in] þo holy gost in-to þe lyghte, And sende in-to þe ryghte To rule þi herte & þi spekyng To goddus worschyp & his lonyng. þo preyste gos to þo boke His pryuey preyure for to loke: Knele þou downe & say þen̄ þis As nexte in blac wrytun̄ is: Hit wil þi preiur mycul amendus, If þou wolt holde vp þi hondus To god with gud deuocyon̄, When̄ þou sayst þis orison̄. God receywe þi seruyse And þis solenne sacrifyse ffor þo preste & for vs alle, þat here now arun or here be schalle, þis messe [to] here or worschyp do, þo sacryng to see, or pray þer-to; And for þo sowlus, þat hensse ben̄ passud, þat þai haue rest þat ewur lastus. Loce pater noster þou be sayand Whyl he is preuele preyand; þo preyste wyl aftur in̄ þat place Remo hym̄ a lytul space, Tyl he cum to þo awter myddus: Stond þen, ałł men̄ he byddus, Hert & body & ylka dele: Take gud kepe, & here hym wełł, þen̄ he begynnus per omnia, And siþun sursum corda. And sanctus he says thryus, In excelcis he nomus twyus. As fast as he has done, Loke þat þou be redy sone, And say þus wyt stylle stewon̄ Priuely to god of hewon̄: In word, in werke, with owtun̄ endyng, þonkud be Ihesu, my souereyn̄ kyng. And al herto I ȝif hyt þe, Grete & ryche hit is ryghte þat hit so be. With ałł my wyłł I worschyp þe, Ihesu, blessud mot þu be: With al my hert I þonke þe, Ałł þe gud þou haste don to me. Swete Ihesu, graunte me now þis, þat I may com to þi blis, þer with angels for to synge þo swete song of lowynge. Sanctus. Sanctus. Sanctus. God grawnte þat hit be þus. When þis is seyd, knele a-don̄, And wyt gud deuocion̄, Of ałł gode þou þonke god þen̄, And als so for ałł men̄ And pray alswa for ilk a man.—D. Of state & of ilke degre, So wolde þe lawe of charyte. ffor-þi with-owton̄ tariyng On þis wyse þou be saiyng. Lord,(1) anowryd mot þou be, With al my hert I worschyp þe; I þonke þe, lord, as I wel owe, Of more gud þen I con̄ knowe, Sytħ þe tyme þat I was consewud, þat I haue of þe recewud: My lyfe, my lymmus þou haste me lente, My rygħt wytte þou haste me sentte, þou hast me kepte al of þi grace ffro sere perellus in mony place. Ałł my lyf and al my lykynge, Wholly haue I of þi gouernynge. Haly I have of thi gyfyng.—D. þou boȝte me dere with þi blode, And dede for me on̄ þe rode. I haue don̄, a-ȝeynus þi wylle, Synnus mony, grete and grylle. þou arte redy of þi godnes ffor to grawnt vs for-gyfnes. Of þis godnes (1) and mony moo I thonke þe, lord, and pray also, þat my gylt þou me for-gyffe, And be my help whyl I schal lyfe; And gyf me grace to eschwe To do þat þinge, þat schuld me rewe, And ȝyf vs ay wylle to wyrke; And þinke on̄ þe state of þe kyrke, þo pope, þo byschopus, preystus, and clerkus, pape, bischopes & clerkes.—D. þat þay be keptte in gode werkus; þo kynge, þo qwene, the qwene—ins. D. þo lordus of þe londe, þat þai be wel mayntonande Her status in in.—D. ałł godnes, And rewle þe folke in ryghtwyues; Owre syb men̄, oure wyl wyllande, & well lyfand.—D. Oure fryndus, oure seruandus and tenandus, tenundes.—D. Olde men̄, chyldurn̄, and ałł wymmen̄, Ald men, childer, and women.—D. Marchandus, men̄ of crafte, and tylmen̄, Ryche men̄, and pore, grete and smalle, I pray þe, lord, for hom̄ alle, þat þai be kepte specyally In gud lyfe and in holy; ffor hem̄ þat are in heuy lyfe, I[n] sclawndure, mys-conforde, or in stryfe, Seke or presund, or on þe see, Pore, exylde, dysesud, disheryd] om.—D, F. if þai be, To hem̄ ałł sende socure, ffor þi worschyp and þin̄ onowre. To thi wyrscepe and thine honour.—D. Ałł þat are in gud lyfe to day, And lelly ben̄ þe to pay, Kepe hem̄, lord, fro ałł foly, And fro ałł synnus for þi mercy; And gyf grace to laste and lende In þi seruise to here ende.(1) In þis worde, þat turnus mony wayus, Make hyt gud to vs in oure dayus; þo word is (2) grete & vn̄-stabułł, Lord, make hit gud & sencybuałł; þe frutus on̄ þe erthe make plentuus, As þou sees best, orden̄ for vs; Suche grace to vs þou sende, þat at in owre laste ende, When̄ þis word & we schal seuure, Bryng vs to þat ioye þat lastny euure. Loke pater noster þou be seyande, To þo chales be vp-heuande; þen tyme is of þe sacrynge, Than es tyme nere the sakering A litill bell men use to rynge.—D. A lytul bełł men vsuþ to rynge. þen schal þou do reuerensse, To Ihesu crist owne presensse, þat may lese alle baful bondus; Knele & holde vp botħ þi hondus Knele downe & hald up bath handys.—D. And so þou þo leuacion̄ beholde, ffor þat is he þat iudas solde And Sythun̄ schowrgut, on̄ þo rode ffor mon̄-kynde sched hys blode, And ded, & rose & went to hewon, And ȝit schal come to demus ewon̄, Ilke man̄ aftur þat he hase don̄. þo same is he þou locus upon̄, Hyt is þo feythe of holy kyrke: Who trowe þis not schal sytte wel marke; ffor-þi I rede with gud entente þat þou be-holde þe sacramente. Suche prayer þen̄ schal þou make, As licus beste to þe þu take. Dyuerse men̄ preyus sere, Sundyrer men prayers serer.—D. Ilke mon̄ on̄ his beste manere. Schort Swylk.—D. prayer schuld be with-owtun drede, And þere with pater-noster, aue & crede. If þou of any be vn-purueyde, I set þe here on̄ þat be seyde. I set here ane that may be sayd If thu of ane and be vnpurwayde.—D. If I make hit for þo bettur, þou may tełł hit here in lettur: Lowod be þou, kyng, And blessud be þou, kyng, Of ałł þi gyftus gode; And þonkud be þou kyng, Ihesu all my Ioyng þat for me spylt þi blode, And dede for me vpon̄ þo rode. þou gyf me grace to synge þo songe of þi louynge.

[Pater-noster; Ave-Mary; Crede]

When̄ þou hast don̄ al þi crede, þis schalte þen̄ þou rede, As nexte is wryton in blac lettur, fful mycul schal þou fare þo bettur. Lord as þou kon̄, & as þou wylle, Haue mercy on̄ me, þat hase don̄ ille, ffor what-so þou wolt with me do, I holde me payud to stonde þer-to. þi mercy, Ihesu, wold I haue, And I for ferdnes durste hit craue; But þou byddus aske & haue. Swete Ihesu, make ałł saue And gyf me wytte & wysdam ryghte, To lowe þe, lord, with al my myghte. When þou hase made þis orison̄, þen̄ schal þou with deuocion̄ Make þi preyer in þat stede ffor þi fryndus, þat are dede; And for ałł sowlus sake Suche a preyer schal þou make. Lord, for þi holy grace, Here owre preyurs in þis place, Grawnt now, lord, for owre preyere, þat criston̄ sowlus, þat passud are Graunt vs lord for oure prayeres That cristen saules that passed es.—D. ffro þis lyfe, þat synful is, þat ilke one haue parte of þi blysse. ffor hore sowlus I prey derly, þat I schal prey fore serly, neuen serly.—D. þat þis masse may be hore mede, Help & hele to al kynnus drede, ffadur sowle, & modur sowle, brodur sowle dere Sustur sowle sybmennus sowlus & oþur sowlus sere, þat vs gud wold, or vs gud dyd, Or any kyndnes to vs haue kyd; And to hom ałł þat byn in purgatory pyne, þo messe be to hom̄ mede & medicyne. To ałł cryston sowlus holly Grawnt þi grace & þi mercy; ffor-ȝyf hom̄ ałł hore trespas, Vnloke hor bondus, & let hom̄ passe, ffro ałł pyne & ałł care, Into þo ioy lastyng euurmare. Loce pater-noster þou be preyande Ay tyl þo tyme þo preyst be seyande Per omnia secula al on̄ heyghte. than the prest furt ryght Says per omnia al on heght We will saye with heghe steuen Pater noster gude to neuen.—D. þen̄ I wold þou stode preyng hyt, ffor þer he wyl pray with he stewon̄, Pater-noster to god of hewon̄. he[r]kon̄ hym with gud wylle, And whyl he says holde þe stylle, But vnswere at temtacionem Or libera nos a malo. amen̄. Hyt were nede þen̄ þus to kenne, But qwoso kenneþ not þis is leude men. When̄ þis is done, sey priuely And sethen thu say it priuely.—D. On̄ preyer anoþer þerby Pater-noster & furste in latyne And syþun̄ in englys as here is wryton̄. Owre fadur, þat art in hewon̄, Blessud be þi name to newon̄. Cum to vs þi kyndome, In hewon̄ & erthe þi wyl be done. Owre ilke dayus bred grawnt vs to day, And owre mysdedus for-ȝyf vs ay, As we do hom̄ þat to vs trespas, Ryght so haue mercy vp-on̄ vs, And lede vs into no fowndyng, But schyld vs fro ałł wyccud þing. þen aft þo preyst wyl say, Stond styłł, & herkun̄ hym al-way. He seys agnus thryus or he ses, lese.—D. þo laste word he spekus of pes. In þo laste pes may þou not be, If þou be owte of charite, þen is gud of god to craue, þat charite þou may haue. þere qwen̄ þo preyst þo pax wil kusse, Knele þen̄ down̄ & say þou þus. Goddus lowmpe, þat best may, Do þo synnus of þo word away; On vs haue mercy & pyte, And grawnt vs pes & charite. ffor in charite ar thre kynnus lowus, þat þo perfet pes nedely be-howus. þo furste loue is certenley To luf þi lord so wortely. þere-of I prey god of his myghte To make me to luf þe, day & nyghte, Sicurly to sette owur ilke a delle Souerenly to luf þe welle. Souerenly þe to pay In ałł þat ewur I con̄ or may; And to þe preyste erly & late, To my degre & myn̄ astate, Ałł gode dedus to fulfylle, To eschew þo þat are ylle. þo secund is a priuey lowe þat is nedeful to my be-howe, þo whylke luf is propurly be-twyx my sowle & my body. þerfore make þen̄, god lorde, My body & my sowle on a-corde, þat eyþur part, be of on̄ a-sente To serue the with gud entente. Let my body newur do þat ille, þat I may newur my sowle spyłł. þo thryd luf is with-owte dowte, To luf yche neghtbur ałł abowte, Þe thirde luf es with-outene To ilk a neghbur me a-butene.—D. And of þat luf no þinge sese, þerfore I pray þe, furste of pes, þat þou wylt make, as þou may beste, My hert to be in pes & reste, And redely to luf ałł maner of men̄, And my tylmen̄ nomly þen̄, Neghtburs & seruandus & ilke soget, ffelows, fryndus, non̄ to for-ȝete, But luf ilkone, fer & nere, As my selfe wyt herte clere. And turne hor hertus so to me, þat we may fully fryndus be, And þat I of hor godus, & þei of myne, Haue ay ioy, with herte fyne. As I prey for my selfe here, Grawnte tyl oþur ben̄ þat on̄ þo same manere, So þat ilke mon̄ luf oþur, As he were hys owne broþur. And swylk lufe o-mang vs be Þat we be wel lufed of þe. Þat by þis haly sacrament.—D. Suche luf amungus be, þat we be wel lowyd of þe, And be þis holy sacramente, þat now is here in presente, And be þo vertu of þo messe, þat we may haue forȝyfnesse Of ałł owre gylte, of ałł owre mysse, And be þi help cum to blysse. Loke pater-noster þou be seyande, Whyłł þo preste is receyuande. When̄ þo preyste has receuyng done, Opon̄ þi fete þou stonde vp sone. þen̄ þe clerke flyttuþ his boke Ageyn̄ to þo sowthe awter noke: þo preyste turnus to his offys, And says say.—D. forthe of his seruys. þer with-owton̄ taryinge On þis wyse þou be seyinge. Ihesu my kynge I prey þe Bowe downe þi nere of pyte, And here my preyer in þis place. God lord, for þi holy grace, ffor me & ałł þat here are þu vs kepe fro ałł kynnus kare, þat may be-falle in any way, In owre dedus to do or say, Where we ryde, or we be goand, Lyg or sytte, or we stond; What soden̄ schamce com̄ vs tylle, Oþur-weyus þen̄ were owre wylle, We preyun̄ þis messe stond vs in-stede Of schryfte & of howsul bred. And, Ihesu criste, for þi woundus fyue, Wyssus vs þe wey of ryȝtwes lyue. When̄ þis is seyd, knele þou downe sone, Sey pater-noster tyl þe messe be done, ffor þe messe is not cest, Or tyme of ite missa est þen þou heruste ite Or benedicamus, or requiescant in pace.—D. if þat hit be, þen is þe messe al done, But ȝit a preyer þou make sone; Aftur hyt wyl þou may In goddus name wynde þi way. ga thi way.—D. God be þonkud in ałł owre werkus, God be þonkud of preystus & clerkus, I þonke god as I con̄, I þonke god of his godnes, And namly of þis messe. Of ałł þo preyurs þat now be preyud, I pray god þat he be payud. In mynde of god I here me blesse, Wyt my belssyng god sende me hys. In nomine patris et filii et spiritus sancti. Amen. Pater-noster aue-mary & credo. God send vs to owre mede. Amen̄. TEXT F. man or woman þat wol lere, A masse deuou[t]ly for to here, Adapted to the practice of smaller churches and chapels in England, where the priest vested before the people. Gode entent þou ȝeue þereto, And as þis boke techeth, so þow do, For hit is wretyn what þou schalt say, Whane þow schalt rest, whane þou schalt pray Bothe for þe quyke and for þe dede; As þow fyndest wryte, so make thy bede. Whiles the prest maketh hym boune, Vpon thi knees sette the doune; And hew vp thyn herte wyt gode entente, The whiles he doth on his westemente, To god thu pray on þis manere, As next thu fyndest wrytyn here. Now lord god, for thi godenesse, A prayer whilst the priest is vesting; At the begynnynge of this messe, Thou graunte to alle that hit schal here, That in concience thei may be clere; Lord, thu saue the prest, þat hit schal say, which in the other forms is appointed to be said at the Office. Fram gret temptacioun this ilke day, That he be clene in dede and thought, That yuel spirit noy him nought To fulfylle this sacrament With clene herte and gode entent; First princypaly to thyn honoure, That souereyn ert and socoure, And to thy modere, maiden clene, And to thyne seyntes alle bi-dene, And alle that hit hereth to here soules helthe, Thu help hem with thi grace and thi welthe, And alle that we haue in mynde, Sib or any frend bi any kynde; And, lorde, graunt ham for this messe, Of alle hare synnes forgifnesse, And rest and pes that lasteth ay, To cristene soules that beth passyd away; And bryng us to ioie with-outen ende And to us alle thi socoure sende. Amen. Whanne the prest is reuest and begynnes, Whan he marketh him for his synnes, When þo prest revestis hym mass to be-gyn and mekis hym to God for his syn.—A. When the prest revest mess by-gynnys and mekes hym to god for hys synnes.—D. Thanne say thu with him confiteor, MS. confiteore. Or in englische thus therfore. I know to god ful of myght, And to his moder, mayde bright, And to alle his halwes dere, In many synnes of diuerse manere, And to the, fader gostely, That I haw synned largely. In thought, in speche, in delite, In worde, in werke, I am to wite, MS. witte. And worthi I am to blame, For falsly I haw take goddys name. There-fore I pray seynte mari And alle halwes specialy, And the preste [to] pray for me, That god haw merci and pitte Of mi mysdede þat mochel is, For his manhode and his godnys, And of me wreche that synful is, And ȝew me grace of for-ȝeuenys.

The prayer, in F. 15-38, is here again inserted for comparison.

[Now lord god, for thi godenesse, At the begynnynge of this messe, Thou graunte to alle that hit schal here, That in concience thei may be clere; Lord, thu saue the prest, þat hit schal say, Fram gret temptacioun this ilke day, That he be clene in dede and thought, That yuel spirit noy him nought To fulfylle this sacrament With clene herte and gode entent; First princypaly to thyn honoure, That souereyn ert and socoure, And to thy modere, maiden clene, And to thyne seyntes alle bi-dene, And alle that hit hereth to here soules helthe, Thu help hem with thi grace and thi welthe, And alle that we haue in mynde, Sib or any frend bi any kynde; And, lorde, graunt ham for this messe, Of alle hare synnes forgifnesse, And rest and pes that lasteth ay, To cristene soules that beth passyd away; And bryng us to ioie with-outen ende And to us alle thi socoure sende. Amen.] Whanne confiteor thus is done, Pater-noster folweth sone. To the prest herkyn than, Ȝefe thu ought of the lettre can, The office, the orison, and the pistil, And answere him wel with gode wil, Or on the bok thi-self hit rede, MS. redde. There-to take thu wel gode hede. Ȝef thu can noght rede, ne say, Thi pater-noster reherse alway, Til the decon or þe prest the gospel rede, There-to thu take wel gode hede; And at the begynnynge tent thu take, A large cros on the thu make, Seyenge thus in this manere As thu maist se writen here. In the name of the fadir, the sone, and þe holigost, On sothfast god of myghtes most, Wel-come, lorde, thi worde to me, As, ihesu, lowynge be to the. After the gospel whiles he seyth the crede. The time is nei whit-oute drede That men schulle profre here offrendes, Or the prest tak water to his handis. Offere or lete, whethere thu list; How thow schalt pray, I wolde thu wist. As next is wryten, I rede thu say, On this manere, god to pay. pey.—A. (prey.—Turnbull). pray.—D. Ihesu, that in bedlem was borne, And thre kynges come the biforne, Thei offred gold, mirre, and encense, And thu forsoke not here presense, Bot blessede wende.—A. wylled.—D. hem alle thre, Aȝen thei wente to here contre; Right so, lorde, offrynge that we offre, And oure prayeris that we here profere, Thu take ham, lorde, to thyn lowynge, And be oure help in alle thynge, That alle pereiles be fro vs don, Oure gode desire thu graunt vs son; Off all oure mis-dedis thu us amende, And in alle oure nede socour thu vs sende. Aftir wasschynge, the prest wol lowte To the auter, and torne him abowte (1); Thanne he asketh wyth gode steu[e]ne Al men praeris to god of heuene. Suche praiere I wolde thu toke As next folweth in the boke. The holi gost in the lyght, And sende his grace vn-to the right, He ruwele thyn herte and thi spekynge To godis worschepe and his lowynge. (2) The haly gast in the lyght And send hys grace vnto the right. Rewle thi hert and thi spekyn To goddes wyrscype an louynge.—D. God reherse thyn seruyse, And solempne this sacrifise For the prest, and for vs alle, That now ben here, or here be schal, This masse to here, or worschepe do, The sacryng to se, or pray there-to; And for alle, the lyues in godes nam, That thei haue help fram synne and scham; And for the soules, that hennes be past, That thei haw rest that ay schal last. The prest wil sone, in that plase, Swythe begynne the preface, That begynneth with per omnia, And afterward sursum corda. Of alle gode thu thanke god than, And pray also for eche man, And pray alswa for ilk a man.—D. For eche astat, and eche degre, So wol the law of cherite; And therfore begynne this prayere sone, Whanne the prest hath his preface done. Lord god,(1) honoured thu be, With alle myn herte I worschepe the. I thanke the, lorde, as I wel owe, Of mi godnesse, that I can wel knowe, That I haw of the resceyued Setthe tyme that I was conceyued; Mi lyfe, my lymes, thu hast me sent, Mi rigth witte thu hast me lent; Thu hast kept me of thi grace Fro many perel in many place; Alle myn helthe and alle my lyuynge, Holi haw I of thi gyuynge. Haly I have of thi gyfyng.—D. Thu bought me dere with thi blode, And deiede Fore me on the rode: I haw done, aȝen thi wille, Synnes diuers, bothe foule and ille, And ȝut art thu redi of thi godenes To graunt me ay forȝefnesse. Of thes godys, and many mo, I thanke the, lord, and pray also, And alle mi gult thu me forȝeue, And be myn help the whiles I leue. Thu graunt me grace for to enchiwe To do that thynge, that me schold rywe, And ȝeue me wil ay wel to worche. Swet lorde, thenke on the state of holi chirche, On the pope, bisschopes, and [MS. ad] clerkes, pape, bischopes & clerkes.—D. That thei be bysi in alle gode werkes; The kynge, the queene, the qwene—ins. D. the lordes of the londe, That thei be in wile of gode meyntenande Here state in in.—D. alle godenes, And rewele here pepil in rightwisnesse. Oure sibbe, and oure wel-willynge, & well lyfand.—D. Frendes, tenauntes, tenundes.—D. and vs seruynge, Olde men, children, and wymmen, Ald men, childer, and women.—D. Marchaunte, men of crafte, and tilme[n]. 'Riche men, poure, and smale, I pray to the, god, for hem bi tale, That thei be kepe specialy In gode helthe, and life holi; To alle that ben in wikete lyfe, In sclandere, miscomfort, or strife, Sike, in prisone, or vppon the see, Poure, or exiled this lond, thow thei be, To alle thes, thu sende socoure, To þin worschepe, To thi wyrscepe and thine honour.—D. and Here the MS. has to inserted above the line; but it is not wanted.—Mr Skeat. þin honore. Alle that ben in gode lif to-day, And clenli leuen vn-to thi pay, Thu kepe ham, lord, fram alle folie, And fram alle schame fore thi mercy. Grace euere-lastynge thu ham sende In thi seruice to here laste ende.(1) This worlde, that torneth many wayes, Be gode to vs in alle oure days; Wedres Than es tyme nere the sakering A litill bell men use to rynge.—D. grete, that ben vnstable, Lord make ham gode, and sesenable; The frutes on þe erthe make plenteouse, As thu seist best, ordeyne for ouse, Sucche grace to vs, swete god, þu sende, That [in] oure laste day and laste ende, Whanne this worlde and we schulle seuere, Thu brynge vs to ioy that lasteth euere. Thanne is time ney of sacrynge, A litil belle he wol to vs rynge. Thanne is resoune that we do reuerence To ihesu criste presence, That may loose of alle balful bondes; Therefore knelynge, hold vp thyn hondes,(1) And with inclinacion of thi bodi, Be-hold the leuacioun reuerently. Sucche praere there thanne thu make, As liketh the best for to take. Sum men [MS. Sumen] maketh here praierys Sundyrer men prayers serer.—D. In here best manerys, For Swylk.—D. praieris scholde be thanne wyt-out drede, And there-with-al þe pater-noster and þe crede. I sette here oyn that may be sayd, ȝef of oyn thu be vn-purueyd; I set here ane that may be sayd If thu of ane and be vnpurwayde.—D. Thu maist hit chaunge chaunce.—D. for a bettere, Thow I make hit here in lettere. [MS. mlettere] Welcome, lord, in fourme of brede, For me thu tholedest a pyneful dede; As thu suffredest the coroune of thorne, Graunt me grace, lorde, I be nought lorne. Or elles thus in latyn speche, Thu maist hym pray and be-seche. Aue ihesu christe. &c. &c.

[Here follow Latin hymns, see Notes.]

Whanne the prest hath the leuacioun made, He spredeth his handes thanne abrade, Setthen he dresseth him in þe ferst stede, He wyll sprede his armes o-brade Sethen dresse thaim in thaier friste stede.—D. Thanne is tyme to pray for the dede; For alle cristene sowles sake Suche praere I rede thu take. Gode lord, for thyn holi grace, Thu here oure praierys in this place. Graunt vs, lord, for this praiere, That cristene sowles that passeth the aiere Graunt vs lord for oure prayeres That cristen saules that passed es.—D. Fro this lif, that synful is, That eche of hem haw part of þis messe; And fore here soules I pray inwardli, That I schal neuene dyuersli, neuen serly.—D. That this messe be hem to mede, Socoure, and help, in al here nede; Fadir and modire, and brothere sowles so dere, Soster and sibbe men, and othere ifere, That vs gode wolde, or vs gode do, Or any kyndenesse to vs haw ido, And to alle tho, þat in purgatori haue payne, Lord, this messe be mede and medecyne. And to alle cristene sowles holi, Swet lord, thu graunt thi mercy, For-ȝew hem alle here trespasse, Lowse here bondes, and lete ham passe Fram alle paynes to heuuene blis, With angeles to dwelle euere endeles. than the prest furt ryght Says per omnia al on heght We will saye with heghe steuen Pater noster gude to neuen.—D. Thanne the prest seith with hie steu[e]ne The pater-noster to god of heuene, Herkene him with gode wile, And answere him, loude or sti[l]le; And sethen thu sey hit pryueli, And sethen thu say it priuely.—D. For beter praeiere may thu non sey. Efte-sone the prest wol somwhat say, Be redi and answere him alway, Herkyn hym how he speketh of pes, And says agnus thries or he ses. lese.—D. Bot in that pes may thu nogth be, Ȝef thu be out of cherite; Therefore of god I rede thu craue, That thu charite of hym may haue. Therfore þe prest whanne þe pax schal kysse, Loke that þu be seiende this. Godes lombe, that best may, Do the synne of þis worlde away, On vs thu haue mercy and pité, And graunt vs pes and charité. Sut Sic in MS. Read Suth = since.—Mr Skeat. in charité beth thre manere of loues, That to parfite pes be-houes; The first loue [MS. pes] is certeynly, To lowe thi lord souereynly; Therefore I pray god, ful of myght, To make me loue, bothe day and nyght, Sikerliche þe, lord, eueridel Souereynli to low wel, That bi thi myght and thi gouernynge, That I be euere at thyn ȝernynge, Souerenli the to pay, In alle that euere I can and may; And redi be, erli and late, To myn degre and myn estate, And gode dedes al to fulfille, And to enchewe alle that ben ille. The secunde is priue loue, That nedeful is to mi be-houe, The whiche is properli Bitwixe mi soule and my bodi; Therfore make thu, gode lord, Mi bodi and soule of on acord, That eythere parte, by on asent, Serue the, lord, whit alle entent; And late neuere my bodi to do þat ille That by any way may my soule spille. The thred loue is with-oute doute, To low eche cristen man aboute, Þe thirde luf es with-outene To ilk a neghbur me a-butene.—D. And of þat loue neuere ces; Therefore I pray the, prince of pes, That thu wilt make, as þu may best, Myn herte to loue in pes and rest, And redi to loue alle manere of men, And speciali myne kynnesmen, Neighbores, seruantes, and subiectes, Frendes and foes, and for-ȝectes, To loue echon, fere and nere, As my-self with hert[e] clere; And turne here hertes so to me, That we fulli frendes be, That I of here wel-fare, and þey of myne, Haw cherité with herte fyne. Right as I pray for my-self here, I pray the, graunt to othere þe same manere, That eche man loue wel othere, As eche of vs were otheres brothere. And swylk lufe o-mang vs be Þat we be wel lufed of þe. Þat by þis haly sacrament.—D. Suche loue, lord, among vs be, That we be loued of the, That therwe the vertu of the messe Thu graunte vs, lord, for-ȝewnesse Of alle oure gylt and alle oure mysse, And thorw thyn help [we] come to blysse. Whanne the prest hath the rensynge don, He wol make an ende son; He seith say.—D. forth of his offis, Sithe he maketh ende of his seruis. There-to ȝew thu gode herkenynge, Lowde or stil ay answerynge, For the masse is noght cest, Or the tyme of ite, missa est. Bot whanne the prest seith ite, Or benedicamus, or requiescant in pace.—D. wether hit be, Thanne is the masse alle do; But ȝet this praiere thu say also, And aftir for sothe wel þu may, In godis name, go hom thi way. ga thi way.—D. God be thanked of alle his werkes, And thankede of prestes and clerkys; God be thankede of eche man, I thanke my lord, as hertly as I can; I thanke him hertli of his kyndenesse, And nameli now of this holi messe; Of alle the praierys that here ben praied, I pray my swete lord that he be paied. In mynde of god I me blesse, With my blessynge god sende me his. How thu at the masse thi tyme schal spende, I haw tolde now wel to þe ende. The ribrusch [Sic in MS.] I rede thu loke somdel, The praierys þu record with-oute boke wel; For hit is suche with-oute doute, That cristene here hare masse, stil or loude, For [of] alle that in this world is, Most worthi thynge I hold the messe. Whoso wol vse this deuocioun, I pray him of his benisoun, In eche a masse that he schal this here, The writer beseeches the reader's prayers, Sey a pater-noster for the writere, And an aue-maria, ȝef he may; For godis low sey noght nay. And that hey holi god he queyte the thi mede, and may God reward him. Of whom we spek of when we say oure crede. Gratias. God, that his brede brake at his maw[n]de whanne he sate Amonge his postyllis twelue, He bles oure brede and oure ayl Þat we haw and haw schal, and be with vs him-selwe. BIDDING PRAYER, II.

From MS. Manual: A.D. 1405. (Sir J. LAWSON, Bart.)

PRO PRECIBUS DOMINICALIBUS. Deprecemur Deum Patrem omnipotentem pro pace et Prayers are bidden stabilitate sanctae matris ecclesiae.

Ȝe sal mak your prayers specially till our lord god for the whole state of Christ's Church. almighti and til his blessyd moder mary and till' all' the haly court of heuen for the state and the stabilnes of al halykirk. For the pape of Rome and al his car∣dinals For the Pope and other bishops. and for the archebishop of York and for al ercebischops and bischops and for al men and women of religion and for the person of this kirke that has For all "re∣ligious." your saules to kepe and for all' the prestes and clerkes For the rector and clergy of the parish church, and for all ordin∣aries, that has serued or serues in this kirk or in any other. And for al prelates and ordiners and al that halykirk reules and gouerns that god len thaim grace so for to that God grant (lend) them grace to govern the people committed to their charge, and for example to set them. reuel the popil and swilk ensaumpil for to tak or scheu thaim and thaim for to do thare-after. that it may be louing unto god and saluacyon of thaire saules.

Also ȝe sal pray specially for the gode state of this For the good estate of the realm, the king, queen, and all the nobility; reume for the kyng and the quene and for al the peris and the lordes of this lande that God send loue and charite thaim omang and gif thaim grace so for to reule it and gouern it in pes that it be louing to God and and God's grace for the government of the kingdom to His glory and the benefit of the commons. the comons un-to profet.

Also ȝe sal pray specially for tha that lely and trwly payes thare tendes and thair offerandes til God and And for them that loyally pay church dues, and for amend∣ment to those who do otherwise. halykirk and for al that other does that God thaim amende.

Also ȝe sal pray specialy for thaim that this kirk For the founders and maintainers of the church, first biggid and edefied and al that it up-haldes and for all that thar-in findes boke or chales vestiment lyght and those who find the things necessary for divine service, or towell' or any other anourment whare-wit godes seruys es sustend and for thaim that halybred gaf to and provide holy-bread. this kirk to day and for thaim that first began and langest haldis on. And for al land tilland and for al For husbandmen, mariners, season∣able weather, and for the fruits of the earth to the enjoyment of man. see farand and for the wedir and for the fruyt that es on erthe. that the erthe may bring forthe his fruyt cristen men to profet. And for al pilgrymes and palm∣ers For pilgrims and palmers, and for al that any gode gates has gane or sal ga. and for thaim that brigges and stretes makes and and those who make or repair bridges or high∣ways; and the imputation of all good works. amendes that god grant us parte of thare gode dedes and thaim of oures. Also ȝe sal pray for all' our parischyns whar-so thai be on land or on water that For fellow∣parishioners. god saue thaim fra al missaunters and for all wymen that er with chield in this parische or in any other. That women la∣bouring of child may have safe deliverance and the child baptism. that God delyuer thaim with joy and gife the child cristendom and thaim purificacion. and for al that er For the sick and afflicted. sek and sary that god al-mighthi conforth thaim and For strength to such as do stand; and for deliver∣ance to the debtor, the sinner, and the prisoner. thaim that er in gode lyfe that God hald thaim thare-in. for tham that er in dette or in dedly synne or in prison that God bring tham out thare-of.

for tham and for us and for al cristen folke for charite says a Pater-noster and a aue.

Psalmus.

Deus misereatur nostri et cetera Ps. (67) 66, and the doxology.

Gloria Patri.

Kyrie eleyson. Christe eleyson. Kyrie eleyson.

Pater noster.

Et ne nos. The priest aloud. THE SUFFRAGES.

Saluos fac servos tuos, et ancillas tuas, Deus meus.

Sperantes [in te.]

Esto eis Domine turris fortitudinis.

A facie inimici.

Domine, Deus virtutum. Suffrages at length. (Page 77, l. 27.)

Et ostende faciem.

Domine exaudi orationem.

Dominus vobiscum.

Ecclesiae tuae preces, Domine.

Oratio.

Deus, qui caritatis. Prayer. (Page 78.)

Oratio.

Deus a quo sancta desideria. Prayer. (Page 78.)

¶ Also ȝe sal pray specialy til oure lady saynt Prayer to the Virgin-mother for her advocacy with her Son. mary that sche becum oure auoket and at sche pray for hus specially till' hir dere son.

And also ȝe sal pray specialy for the breder' and For the brethren and sisters of the three Minsters in Yorkshire; for all to whom beholden, and that God would have prayed for. the sisters of saynt petir minster of york and of sant jon of beuerlay and of saynt wilfryde of rypon and for al that ȝe er halden un-to and for al that God wald ȝe prayed for says a Pater noster and ave.

Antiphona.

Ave regina caelorum. Anthem. (Page 79.)

In tempore. Paschali. Antiphona.

Regina caeli, laetare. At Easter-tide. (Page 79.)

Versiculus.

Post partum virgo. Versicle. (Page 72.)

Oratio.

Famulorum tuorum. Prayer. (Page 79.)

Also ȝe sal pray specialy for oure fader saules and For the souls of relations natural and spiritual, oure moder saules and for oure god-fader saules and oure god-moder saules and for oure brether saules and oure sister saules and for oure eldir saules and for al the saules of whame the bodis es berid in this kirk or and of those buried in the parish, and in purgatory, in this kirk-ȝerde and for al saules that in purgatori godis mercy abydes and for al cristen saules of whame we have had any god of says specialy a Pater-noster and benefactors. and Ave.

Psalmus.

De profundis. Ps. (130) 129.

Kyrie eleyson. Christe eleyson. Kyrie eleyson.

Pater noster.

Et ne nos.

Requiem aeternam.

A porta inferi. Suffrages. (Page 73.)

Credo videre bona Domini.

Requiescant in pace. Amen.

Fidelium, Deus, omnium conditor et redemptor Prayer for re∣mission of sins to quick and dead. (Page 73.) animabus famulorum.

BIDDING PRAYER, III.

From MS. Manual, York Minster Library.

Deprecacio pro pace ecclesie et regni in diebus dominicis.

DEprecemur deum patrem omnipotentem pro statu Prayers are bidden et stabilitate sancte matris ecclesie et pro pace regis et regni.

We sall make a speciall' prayer unto god all' myghty'. and to þe glorius uirgin his moder ouer lady sante mary. and to al þe fare felichyp of heuen. ffor for the whole state of Christ's church, alle þe state and þe stabilite of all' haly kirke. specially for our haly fader þe pope of rome. and for alle hys trewe cardinals. for þe patriark of ierusalem. and spe∣cially for þe haly crose. þat god was done opon. þat god and the recovery of the Holy Cross. for hys mercy. bringe itt oute of hethen men handes. into cristen menes kepyng.

¶ Also we sall pray specially for our haly fader þe For the arch∣bishop, bishop, and all "re∣ligious." archbyschop of þis See. and for alle other archbischopes & byschopes ande for all maner of men and women of relygion. þat god gyfe þame grace perseverance in onest and clene relygyon kepinge.

¶ We sall pray specially. for þe person or for þe For the curate and all pastors; vikar of þis kirke þat hase ȝoure saules for to kepe. and for alle þase þat cure has tane of cristenmen saules. þat god gyf þame grace so well for to teche þare sugettis ilke curet in his degre. ande þe sugettes so weill to wyrke efter heylfull teching þat bothe þe techers and þe sugettes may com [to] þe blys þat aye sall last.

¶ We sall pray specially for all prestes & clerkes and other clergy of all orders. þat redis or singes. in þis kirke or in any other and for all other thurgh whame goddes servys es maintened or uphalden

¶ We sal prey specially for oure kynge and þe For the King, Royal Family, Lords, Commons, and Council. queyn and all' þe kynges childer and for þe peris and þe lordes and þe gode communers of þe lande. and specially for all þas þat hafes. þe gude counsale of þe lande for to kepe þat god gef þame grase swilk coun∣selle to take & orden and for to do þare efter þat itt may be louyng to god allmyghty. profet and weillfare to þe rem and schame and senchyp to ouer enmyse. gaynstanding and restrenyng of þare power & þare males.

¶ We sall pray especially for þe meer[,] þe xij[,] For the mayor and corporation of York. þe schirriues and þe xxiiij. and for all gode communers of þis cite. and for þame þat has þis cite for to govern. þat god gife þame grace so weil to rewle itt þat may be to god louyng & sauing to þe Citè [Cité sic in MS.] and profet & help to þe communers.

¶ We sall pray specially for all oure gode parechens For fellow-parish∣ioners that travel by land or water. whare so euer þai be. on land or on water. þat god almyghty saue þame fra all maner of parels & bring þam whar þai walde be inquart [Read in quart] & heill both of body & of saule.

¶ We sall pray specially for all þase þat lely and For those that duly pay tithe; and amendment to defaulters. trewly pays þer tendes & þer offerandes to god & to haly kirke. þat god do þame meid in þe blise of heuen. and þai þat dose noght so. þat god brynge þame sone till amendment.

¶ We sall pray also for all trewe pilgrams & palm∣ers For pilgrims and benefit of their pilgrimage. whare so euer þai be on lande or on water. þat god of his gudenes graunt þame parte of our gode prayers & us of þare gode gates.

¶ Allso we sall pray specially for all lande tyllande For prosperity to husbandmen, and safety to sea∣faring people. þat god for his godenes and his he grace and thurgh our gude prayers. maynteyn þame so. þat þai may be upstandand. and for all þe see farand þat god all∣myghtty saue þame fra all maner of parels & brynge þame and þer gudes in quart whare þaie walde be.

¶ We sall pray specially for all þaes þat er bun in For deliverance from the bands of sins, dette or in dedely syn. þat god for hys mercy bryng þam sone oute þer of. And for all þase þat er in gode lyfe þat god maynten þame þare in and gif þame gode perseuerance in þer gudenes. And þat þis prayer may and for persever∣ance in well∣doing; and pray each one for this. be harde and sped þe titter thurgh ȝour praier. ilk a man & woman þat here is helpes hartly with a pater noster and a Ave.

Deus miseriatur nostri et cetera cum Gloria patri. Ps. (67) 66.

Kyrieleeson. Christeleeson. Kyrieleeson.

Pater noster [&c]. Priest secretly.

Sacerdos sine nota Et ne nos [inducas in tempta∣tionem.] Priest aloud.

[Sed libera nos a malo. Amen.] People answer.

Sacerdotes tui [induantur justitiam Suffrages.

Et sancti tui exultent.]

Domine salvum fac regem.

[Et exaudi nos in die qua invocaverimus te]

Saluum fac populum tuum domine [et benedic haere∣ditati tuae]

[Et rege nos et extolle illos usque in aeternum.]

Domine fiat pax [in virtute tua]

[Et abundantia in turribus tuis]

Exurge domine [, adjuva nos.]

[Et libera nos propter nomen tuum.]

Domine deus virtutum [converte nos]

[Et ostende faciem tuam et salvi erimus.]

Domine exaudi [orationem meam]

[Et clamor meus ad te veniat.]

Dominus uobiscum

[Et cum spiritu tuo]

Oremus. Oracio

Ecclesie tue quesumus domine preces placatus ad∣mitte Prayer for the church. ut destructis aduersitatibus & erroribus universis. secura tibi seruiat libertate.

Oratio

Deus a quo sancta desideria. Prayer. (Page 78.)

Oratio

Deus qui caritatis. Prayer (Page 78.)

¶ We salle make a speciall prayer to our lady saynt mary. and to all þe feir falychyp þat is in heuen for all þe brether & sistirs of our moder kirke saynt For the four Minsters in the diocese of York; Petyr house of ȝorke. saynt Iohn' house of Beuerlay. saynt Wilfride of Rypon. and saynt Mary of Suthwell. and specially for all þaes þat ar seik in þis parych or in and for the sick. any other. þat god of his godhede relese þame of þare panes & seknes and turne þame to þat way þat is maste to goddes louyng & heill of þare saules.

¶ We sal pray specially for all þaes þat wirchips For those that honour the church by gifts of orna∣ments. þis kirke owther with buke or bell uestment or chales, awterclath or towel. or any other anourment þurgh qwilk haly kirke is or may be more honorde or wir∣chipt.

¶ We sal pray also specialy for all þase þat gifes. For those that give or bequeath for church work, or sends or in testment wytes. any gode in mayntenyng of þis kirk or kirkwarke. And for all þaes þat fyndes or find light in honour of God or His saints. any lyght in þis kirke. as torche. serge. or lampe in wirchyping of god or any of his halouse.

¶ We sall pray also for all women þat er bun with For women with child. childer in þis parichin or in any other þat god comforth þame and delyuer þame with ioy· & send þare childer cristendom & þe moders puryfying of holy kirk. and relese of payn in þare trauelyng.

¶ We salle also pray for þame þat þis day gafe brede For those that give the holy bread. to þis kirk haly brede to be made of. for þame it first began and langest haldes opon. ffor þame & for us and For these and all, hail the Blessed Virgin with five Aves. for all oþer þat neid has of prayer. in wirchyp of our lady saynt mary ilk man and woman hayls oure lady with v. Aues.

antifona.

Aue regina celorum Anthem.

aue domina angelorum

Ver.

Post partum [virgo inviolata permansisti] Verse.

[Dei genetrix, intercede pro nobis.]

Oratio.

Famulorum tuorum Prayer. (Page 79.)

tempore paschali antifona.

Regina celi Anthem. (Page 79.)

Ver.

Post partum [&c] Verse repeated.

Oracio.

Gratiam tuam Prayer. (Page 80.)

¶ We sal make a specialle prayer for oure faders For the souls of relatives, natural and spiritual, saules moder saules oure godfader saules godmoder saules. brether saules. sisters saules. and ^(for^ ^ellwill) all oure euenkyn saules. and for all our gudefrendes saules. and for all þe saules whas banes er berryd in þis kirke. and those here buried, or in þis kirk ȝerd. or in any other & specialy for all þe saules þat abydes þe mercy of god in þe paynes of and of all in purgatory. purgatory. þat god for his mykill mercy relese þame of þare payns if itt be his will. And þat oure prayers myght sumwhat stand þame in stede ilk man and With this inten∣tion say a pater∣noster and ave. woman helpes hertly with a pater noster and a ave.

Psalmus.

De profundis. Ps. (130) 129.

Kyrieleeson. Christeleeson. Kyrielson.

pater noster

Et ne nos inducas.

Requiem eternam [dona eis, Domine.] [York Horae, fo cxxxiiii.]

[Et lux perpetua luceat eis.]

Credo uidere [bona domini

In terra viuentium.]

A porta inferi.

[Erue domine animas eorum.]

Dominus uobiscum.

[Et cum spiritu tuo.]

Oremus.

Oracio.

Fidelium deus omnium [conditor et redemptor ani∣mabus Prayer. [York Horae, fo. xcvii.] omnium famulorum famularumque tuarum re∣missionem cunctorum tribue peccatorum ut indulgentiam quam semper optauerunt piis supplicationibus conse∣quantur.]

Requiescant in pace ffidelium anime per miseri∣cordiam [dei. Amen.]

BIDDING PRAYER, IV.

Added in MS. York Manual, York Minster Library.

Der frendes. ye sall make a speciall prayer unto gode allmyghty and to þat gloryes Virgyn [his moder] saynt mary and to all þ^e fayre fellischyp of heven ffor þe peas and þe stabylnes of all haly kyrke for our haly For the state of Holy Church, the pope, fadyr y^e pape of rome wyth all his trew cardynallys. And in generall for all men & women of relygyon. and specially for all þaes whilk has taken charge or regulars, and parochial clergy. cure of cristynmen sallys. þat gode gif þaim gras so for to do þ^r charges y^t it may be plesyng to gode & salva∣cyon to all crystynmen sallys. Also ye sall pray for y^e prosperite & wallfare of y^s Reygne for y^e kyng & For the Realm, King, and his council. his counsell y^t god sende hym gude counsell & wytt & gras so for do yerafter yat it may be plesyng to gode, profet wyrchyp & salvacyon to y^e reygne. And for all y^e lordys gentylles & comynerrys and specially for all For nobility, gentlefolks, and commonalty. For fellow parish∣ioners. our pareschynges yat Gode of his marcy wyll keype yem for all moner of parellys of body & sall: also ye sall pray for all crysten sallys yt er in ye paynes of For all souls, purgotory yer ye mercy of gode abydyng. And spe∣cially for all yos sallys y^t has moste nyde to be prayed especially the friendless. for and fewest frendes has For ye . . . . . res and all oyer whilk gode walde haue prayed for & [n]ow ilk Say three paters and two aves, and obtain a blessing. man and woman say iij pater noster & ji ave m̄ā and haue goddes blyssyng & our ladys & all haly kyrks.

BIDDING PRAYER, V.

From "Manuale secundum usum matris ecclesie Eboracensis," W. de Worde, 1509.

Preces pro diebus Dominicis.

Preces in dominicis dicende. Deprecemur deum Prayers are bidden patrem omnipotentem pro stabilitate sancte matris ecclesie et pro pace terre. ¶ we shall make a specyall prayer unto god almighty: And to the gloryous virgyn his moder our Lady saynt mary: and to all the glory∣ous company of heven. For the state of all holy for the whole church, and the peace of the kingdom, and all loyal subjects, chirche/ and for the peas of the royalme. And for all that are Trewe to the Kynge and to the crowne. Specyally for our holy Fader the [pope of Rome] [Struck out.] and all his trewe Cardynals. And specially for the holy the Pope and Cardinals, and the recovery of the holy cross. crosse that god was done upon that god for his merci bringe it out of the hethen mennes handes into cristen mennes kepynge. ¶ we shall pray specyally for our holy fader the Archebisshop of this See. and for all For bishops and regulars, other archebysshops and bysshops Abbottes Pryors· Monkes Chanons. and for all maner of men and women of relygion that god gyue them good perseuerance in honest and clene relygious lyuynge. ¶ we shall pray specially for the person of this chirche that hathe cure and for the rector of the parish, of mennes sowles: that god gyve them grace well for to teche theyr subgettes every curat in his degre: and the subgettes so well to worke after helefull techynge that bothe the techers and the subgets come to the blys everlastinge. ¶ we shall pray also for all prestes and all other clergy. and clerkes that redys or singes in this chirche or in any other: and for all other thrughe whome goddis service is in holy chirche mayntayned and upholden. ¶ we shall pray specyally for the kynge and the quene For the King, Queen, Lords, and Commons. and the peers and lords and all the good commeners of this londe. and specyally for all those that hathe the good counsayle of the londe to gouerne: that God gyue them grace such counsayle to take and ordeyne and so for to worke therafter that it may be louinge to god almighty and profite and welfare to the royalme: and gaynsandinge and refrayninge of our enmyes power and malice ¶ we shall pray especially for all those that For benefactors of the church, in ornaments, worshippes this chirche or any other with boke belle vestimente chalice auterclothe or towell: or any other ornament thrugh the whiche holy chirche is or may be in any poynte nat [nat sic] honowred or worshipped. ¶ we shall pray also specyally for al that giues or sendes in gifts, testament any good to the right mayntenaunce and up∣holdinge bequests, of the worke of this chirche. and for all theym that fyndes any lyght in this chirche: as in or light. torche taper lampe in worshippynge of god or of our lady or of any of his sayntes. ¶ we shal also pray For parishioners, specially for all our good parisshens wheresover they be / on water or on londe. that god of his goodnes saue in their bodies, souls, and pro∣perty. theim frome all maner of peryls and bringe them safe where they wolde be in helthe of body and sowle and also of goodes. ¶ we shal pray specyally for all those For unassoiled sinners, that are in dette or in dedely synne: that god for his great mercy brynge them sone therof. and for al those that are in good lyvynge / that god maynten them and and good livers, gyue them good perseueraunce in their goodnes. and that these prayers may be herd and sped the soner thrughe your prayers, euery man and woman that here pray heartily a pater and ave. is helpe them hertely with a. Pater noster and an Ave maria. &c.

DEus misereatur nostri, et benedicat nobis: illu∣minet Ps. (67) 66. vultum super nos et misereatur nostri.

Ut cognoscemus in terra viam tuam: in omnibus gentibus salutare tuum.

Confiteantur tibi populi deus: confiteantur tibi populi omnes.

Letentur et exultent gentes: quoniam iudicas popu∣lor in equitate et gentes in terra dirigis.

Confiteantur tibi populi deus: confiteantur tibi populi om nes: terra dedit fructum suum.

Benedicat nos deus deus noster benedicat nos deus: et metuant eum omnes fines terre.

Gloria patri.

Kyrieleyson. Christeleyson. Kyrieleyson.

Pater noster. Priest secretly.

Et ne nos in.

Sed libera nos

Sacerdotes tui induantur iustitiam. Suffrages.

Et sancti tui exultent. The priest aloud.

Domine saluum fac regem. The people answer.

Et exaudi nos in die qua inuocauerimus te.

Saluum fac populum tuum domine et benedic hereditati tue.

Et rege nos et extolle illos vsque in eternum.

Domine fiat pax in virtute tua.

Et habundantia in turribus tuis.

Exurge domine adiuva nos.

Et libera nos propter nomen tuum.

Domine deus virtutum converte nos.

Et ostende faciem tuam et salui erimus.

Domine exaudi orationem meam.

Et clamor meus ad te veniat.

Dominus vobiscum.

Et cum spiritu tuo.

Oremus.

Oracio

ECclesie tue quesumus domine preces placatus ad∣mitte: Prayer for church. ut destructis aduersitatibus et erroribus universis secura tibi serviat libertate.

Oracio

DEus qui caritatis dona per gratiam sancti spiritus Collect for health of mind and body. tuorum cordibus fidelium infundisti: da famulis et famulabus tuis pro quibus tuam deprecamur clemen∣tiam salutem mentis et corporis: ut te tota virtute. diligant: et que tibi placita sunt tota dilectione perfi∣ciant.

Oracio

DEus a quo sancta desideria recta consilia et justa Collect for peace. sunt opera da seruis tuis illam quam mundus dare non potest pacem: ut et corda nostra mandatis tuis dedita: et hostium sublata formidine, tempora sint tua protectione [sic] transquilla [sic]: per christum.

¶ ye shall knele downe deuoutly on your knese and make a specyall praer unto our blessed lady saint Mary and to all the felawshyp of heuen/ for all the bretheren For the four Minsters in the diocese of York. and sisters of our moder chirch saynt Peter of yorke. saynt John̄ of Beuerlay. saynt wilfred of Ryppon: and saint Mary of Suthwell. and specially for all those For the sick. that be seke in this parisshe or in any other that god of his goodnes / releas them of their peynes in theyr sekenes and turne them to the way that is moste to goddes plesure and welfare of theyre soules. vve shall praye for all those that duely and truly payes theyr For those who "pay their duties," tendes and theyr offerynges to god and to the holy Chirche that god do them mede in the blisse of heven that euer shall last: and they that dose nat so: that and amendment to those who fail herein. god of his mercy brynge theym sone to amendemente. vve shall pray also for all true pylgrymes and palmers For pilgrims and mutual imputation of good works. vvheresoeuer they be on vvater or on londe that god of his goodnes graunt them parte of our good prayers and us parte of theyr good pylgrimages. we shall also praye for all lande tylland, that god for his goodnes and for For husbandmen, his grace and through our good prayers may[n]teyne them that they may be saued frome all euyll wyndes fair weather, and weders and from all dredfull stormes that god sende us corne and catell for to lyue upon to goddes and good produce. pleasu[r]e and the welfare of our sowles. we shall pray also for all women that be with chylde in this For women labouring with child. parysshe or any other, that god conforte them and sende the chil[de] [at end of line] Christendom and the moder Purifi∣cacion of holy chirche / and releacynge of peyne in theyr trauelynge. ¶ we shall pray specyally for theym For those who find the holy loaf. that this daye gave brede to this chirche: for to be made holy brede of. For them that it began and lengest upholdes. For them and for us and for all them that nede hathe of good prayers. In worshyp of Prayer in honour of the Blessed Virgin. our lady saynt Mary and of her .v. Ioyes. Every man and woman say in the honoure of hir .v. tymes Ave maria

Antiphona.

Ave regina celorum Anthem.

mater regis angelorum

O maria flos virginum

velut rosa vel lilium

funde preces ad filium

pro salute fidelium.

Versus.

Post partum virgo inuio. Verse. (Page 72.)

Oremus. Oracio. Collect.

FAmulorum tuorum quesumus domine delictis ig∣nosce: ut qui tibi placere de actibus nostris non valemus genitricis filii tui domini dei nostri interces∣sione saluemur. Per eundem christum dominum nos∣trum.

Hec antiphona dicetur tempore paschali. At Easter-tide,

Regina celi letare alleluya: Anthem.

quia quem meruisti portare alleluya:

resurrexit sicut dixit alleluya:

ora pro nobis deum alleluya.

Versus.

Post partum virgo inuio. Verse repeated.

Oremus. Oracio.

GRatiam tuam quesumus domine mentibus nostris Collect. infunde: ut qui angelo nunciante Christi filii tui incarnationem cognouimus: per passionem eius et crucem ad resurrectionis gloriam perducamur. Per eundem christum dominum Amen.

¶ ye shall make a speciall prayer for your faders For the dead, kneeling, sowles: for your moders sowles: godfaders sowles and godmothers sowles: broders sowles and sisters sowles: and for all your elders sowles: and for all the sowles that ye or I be bownde to praye for. and specyally for all the sowles whose bones are buryed in this chirche or in this chirche yerde: or in any other holy place. and in especyall for all the sowles that bydes the great mercy of almighty god in the bytter peynes of Purga∣tory: that god for his great mercy releas them of theyr peyne if it be his blessyd wyll. And that our prayers may sumwhat stande them in stede: Every man and say a pater and ave. woman of your charite / helpe them with a Pater noster and an Ave maria.

Psalmus. De profundis. etc. Ps. (130) 129.

Kyrieleyson. Christeleyson. Kyrieleyson.

Pater noster.

Et ne nos.

Requiem eternam. (Page 73.)

Credo videre.

A porta inferi.

Dominus uobiscum.

Et cum spiritu tuo.

Oremus.

Oracio.

Fidelium Deus omnium conditor, etc. Prayer. (Page 73.)

Fidelium anime per misericordiam dei in pace requiescant. AMEN.

York Hours of the Cross.

YORK HOURS OF THE CROSS. Lorde un-do my lyppis, iesu, heuen kyng And my mouthe sall say þi loueyng. MATINS. Domine labia mea apperies, et os meum: et cetera. God þu be my help at my begynnyng, And me to help þu þe hy, at my endyng. Deus in adiutorium meum intende. Domine ad, et cetera. Ioy un-to fadyr and þe sonn and þe haly gast in heuen þat was at þe begynnyng and euer es in heuen. Gloria patri et filio et spiritui sancto: sicut erat et cetera. lord iesu cryste, I pray þe here my steuenen. The Memory. for þi swete modyr sak, þat es qwhen of heuen; þi wysdome of þe fadyr, þe god ryghtwesnes. Anthem. God and man, at morne tyde, taken he es, for-sakyne of hys frendes & left—witoutyn les. Be-trayede to þe jewys & dampnyde sackles. His Betrayal. lord for þat ylk payn þu suffyrde at morne tyde lat neuer my saule on domis day be forlorne. Patris sapiencia veritas diuina. Deus homo et cetera. We wyrchyppe þe cryste iesu, god son. Versicle. For wit þi holy cros: þis world haues þu won. Answer. Adorarus te Christe et benedicimus tibi: Quia per Read Adoramus. crucem et cetera lorde iesu cryste, leuand god sone, The Prayer. Þu set þi deyd, þi cros, and þi passione, Be-twix þi dome, & my saul, for deyd þat I haue don, Now [and] at my endyng þat I be noght fordon. And graunte us mercy, & grace whyls we er on lyue Un-to þi kyrke, un-to þi rewme, for þi wondys fiue; forgyuenes & reste to þaim þat to ded ere dryue, joy to al synful: þis graunt us be-liue. þu þat liues, þu þat reynnes, god wit-owtyn ende in werld of werles wit ioy þat euer sal lende. Dne ihu Christe fili dei uiui pone passionem. et cetera. At prime led was iesu unto Pilate PRIME. yai (sic) band hym as a thefe, and sor hym smate; His Mocking. many fals witnes, þai wryed hym many gate, þai spytted iesuys face, þe light of heuens yate. lord for þat ilk shame þu soffird at prime, lat neuer my saul on domesday mystime. Hora prima ductus est lesus ad pilatum et cetera. At þe tyme of oundron þai gun cry & call, TIERCE. For hethyng þai hym cled in purper & in pall, His Scourging. þai set on his heyde a cron of thorn wit-all, and gerte hym bere on his bak þe cros to þe pynstal. lord for þat ilk shame, þu sofyrd in þat place, of deydly synne me to shryue, þu gyue grace. Crucefige clamitant hora terciarum. et cetera. At þe tyme of myd-day þai dyd hym on þe rode SEXT. Betwix two theues þat had spylt manys blode; His Crucifixion. for þe panys he threstyd il þai gaue him drynk ungod, Bytter gall [. . . . .] he wald noght of þat fod. lord for þat ilk shame þat was þi body neghe Scheld me fro my il fays, þe world, fend & fleshe Hora sexta iesus est cruci conclavatus et cetera. At þe tyme of none iesu gun cry; NONES. he wytte his saul to his fadyr, [Eli]. His Death. A knyght smat him to þe hert, had he no mercy; þe sone be-gane to wax myrk qwen iesu gun dy. lord out of þi syd ran a ful fayre flude As clere as well water our rannson be þi blode. Hora nona dominus iesus expirauit: Et cetera. At þe tyme of euen-sang þai tok hym fro þe rod EVENSONG. his myght was in his godhede, so gracius & god, His taking from the Cross. þe meydcyne of his paynes, þe schedyng his blod, Be noryschyng to us of or gastly fod. lord for þat ilk schame þat þu doun was tane lat neuer my saul wit deydly syn be sclayne. De cruce deponitur hora uespertina. Et cetera. [At our of comepelyn, thei leiden hym in graue, COMPLINE. The noble bodi of Iesu, that mankind schal saue: His Burial. [Cambridge MS. Maskell M. R. 2, 70.] With spicerie he was biried, hooli writ to fulfille, Thenke we sadli on his deeth, that schal saue us from helle.] [O blessed chryst these houres canonycall, From the Prymer of 1543. To thee I offer with meke deuocyon: Maskell M. R. 2, p. xvii. For us thou hast suffered those paynes all, In thy greuous agony by lyke reason, So by the remembraunce of thy passyon, Make me accordyng to my busynes, Partaker of thy crowne and glory endles.] HORAE DE SANCTA CRUCE SECUNDUM USUM EBORACEN.

Ad Matutinas.

Domine labia mea aperies: Ps. (51) 50, 15.

Et os meum annunciabit laudem tuam.

Deus in adiutorium meum intende: Ps. (70) 69, 1.

Domine ad adiuvandum me festina.

Gloria patri et filio et spiritui sancto:

Sicut erat in principio et nunc et semper et in secula seculorum. Amen.

(Antiphona)

Patris sapiencia, veritas diuina,

Deus homo captus est hora matutina,

A notis discipulis cito derelictus,

A iudeis traditus, venditus, afflictus.

(Versus)

Adoramus te Christe et benedicimus tibi:

(Responsorium)

Qui[a] per sanctam crucem tuam redimisti mundum.

(Oracio) Oremus.

Domine iesu Christe, fili dei uiui, pone passionem crucem et mortem tuam inter iudicium tuum et animas nostras, nunc et in hora mortis nostre, et largiri digneris uiuis misericordiam et gratiam, defunctis ve∣niam et requiem, ecclesie regnoque pacem et concordiam, infirmis sanitatem, et nobis peccatoribus vitam et glo∣riam sempiternam. Qui vivis et regnas [deus, Per From printed Horae, fo. xlii. omnia secula seculorum. Amen].

(Versus)

Gloriosa passio domini nostri iesu christi perducat nos [fol. 13 b.] ad uera gaudia paradisi: Amen.

(Ad Primam)

Hora prima dominum ducunt ad *pilatum,

Falsis testimoniis multum accusatum

In collo percutiunt, manibus ligatum,

Vultum dei conspuunt, lumen deo gratum.

Adoramus te Christe. Quia per. [ut supra]

[Ad Terciam]

Crucifige clamitant hora terciarum,

Illusus induitur veste purpurarum:

Caput eius pungitur corona spinarum,

Crucem portat humeris ad loca penarum.

Adoramus. Quia. [ut supra]

[Ad Sextam]

Hora sexta iesus est cruci conclavatus,

Et est cum latronibus pendens deputatus:

Pre tormentis s[i]ciens felle satur[at]us,

Agnus crimen diluit sic ludificatus.

Adoramus te Christe. Quia per.

[Ad Nonam]

Hora nona dominus iesus expirauit,

Heli clamans animam patri commendauit:

Latus eius lancea miles perforauit;

Terra tunc contremuit, et sol obscurauit.

[Versus]

Adoramus te Christe. Quia per

[Ad Vesperas de cruce.]

De cruce deponitur hora uespertina,

Fortitudo latuit in mente diuina:

Talem mortem subiit vite medicina,

Heu corona glorie iacuit supina.

Adoramus te Christe. Quia per sanctam.

(Ad Completorium)

Hora completorii datur sepulture

Corpus Christi nobile, spes vite future;

Conditor aromate, complentur scripture, Frag. Conditur.

Jugis sit memoria mortis michi cure. Jugi sit memoria mors hec michi cure. . . . . . Printed Hours and Fragment (York); Horae 1536 (Lincoln Cathedral Library).

[Recommendatio] Title from Horae, 1536.

Has horas canonicas cum devotione

Christe tibi recolo pie racione, Frag. "pia."

Tu, qui pro me passus es amoris ardore,

Sis michi solacium mortis in agone.

Versus.

Adoramus te, Christe et benedicimus tibi: Verse.

quia per sanctam crucem tuam redimisti mundum Response.

Qui passus es pro nobis

Domine miserere nobis.

Oratio. Domine iesu. Amen. Prayer. (Page 85.)

APPENDIX III.

[Ashm. MS., 1286, fol. 223.]

Here sueþ a preciouse mater. how a man schal make hym cleer and perfite clene bifore þe resseyuynge of þe sacramente of þe auter.

BIfore þe resceyuynge of cristis body syxe þingis þer Six consider∣ations before communicating. ben to concidere.

¶ The firste is þat a man knowe by vertu of dis∣cressioun. what he schal resceyue. and what he is þat What he receives. resseyueþ it. ¶ Lo! lo! what schal he resceyue? soþely ihesu crist—sooþfaste god and man, þat made alle þing of nouȝtte, And sooþfaste man þat dyed for vs on þe crosse—in forme of breed. what is he þat re∣sceyueþ What he is. it? soþely a man and no beeste, ne feende, þer∣fore alle feendis malice. and alle beestelynesse of synne he owiþ to caste [fol. 223 b.] from hym.

¶ þe secunde is deuocioun of herte; for he schal He must receive with devotion, concidere, þat whom he resseyueþ he shal resseyue it in as myche holinesse as he may: and loke he þat he here-wiþ putte awey from hym bittirnesse and blynde∣nesse a softened heart and diligent prayer, of herte, wiþ compassioun of teeris and þorouȝ besynesse of preyers.

¶ þe þridde is wiþ reuerence of herte. þat suche a with reverence at drawing near to One so great, vyle creature and a wrecchid synner be aferde to neiȝ hem suche a lord; For if a man were dipped alle in stynke, vnworþi he were to stonde in presence of þe kyng ¶ I preye þee þenne—how myche more vnworþi when so un∣worthy, is eny man, as of hym silf, for to resceyue crist in þe preciouse sacramente. For whi alle oure good deedis. ben as vnclennesse in his siȝtte, what ben oure synnes þenne? trewely nouȝt. ¶ But not wiþstandande alle þat, his goodnesse and his pitee is more þenne al oure but trusting in his mercy, we come to him, and he will enable us to serve him truly. wrecchidnesse; and þer-fore do we þat is in vs. and in triste of hym wiþ reuerente drede goo we to hym, For whi his worþinesse schal maken vs worþi to do hym seruise.

¶ þe fourþe is loue and desyre of herte. wherfore a With a loving and glad heart, man owiþ to be war þat he go not to þis sacramente rechelesly, ne wiþ heuinesse, ne wiþ irkynge of herte, but loke he do it deuoutely and gladdely. and wiþ greet desyre, wherfore it semiþ myche wondir to me þat euery man in resceyuynge of þis worþi sacramente meltiþ [not] al in-to loue.

¶ þe conciderynge of cristis passyoun and of his which is most of all moved by con∣sidering Christ's love in dying for us. loue vn-to vs is souereyne meene to steere a mannes affeccioun to deuoute resceyuyng of þis hooly and blessydful sacramente.

¶ The fyȝfte is a meke deuoute preyere. For whi for With devout prayer for pardon and grace. þat encheson amonge oþur was þe sacramente ordeyned. so þat a man þorouȝ offrynge and takynge of it schulde aske forȝeuenesse of synnes [fol. 224] and grace of good lijf.

¶ sixte is þat he be a preste þat schulde mynistre Considerations if he be the priest that has to ad∣minister this sacrament. þis sacramente. so þat he do alle his diligence aboute it. in þat, þat in him is. ¶ For siþen a man is besy. to serue an eerþely man. or a lord wiþ al his diligence abouten hym, miche more schulde he ben besy. for to serue to oure lord god. ¶ And þerfore alle maner of men of moste honeste. and of sobrenesse. and of good continuaunce. and here-wiþ to ben wel avysed. is þenne moste nedeful to ministre þis moste worschipeful sacra∣mente He should abstain from things of this world, ¶ And so þat a preeste may þe bettir do þis worþi ocupacioun. I counceyle hym þat he absteyne hym from alle þingis tymely þat myȝtte fylen his soule þat is þe wonyinge of crist. þe heuenly kyng. so þat he may bere Read ben.—Compare ben, l. 25. myche more stiffeloker groundyd in goddis seruise. ȝe, ȝe, myche more þenne eny oþur seculer man. and namely þenne whenne he schal go to masse. þat he and especially when going to mass. hym redily speede.

¶ The seuenþe is þat he wiþdrawe his mynde from A man must with∣draw into him∣self, alle outward þingis. and gadre hym silf al hool in-to hym silf, if he may, so enteerly. þat neiþir he be scatered by bodily witte ne wiþ veyneglorie. ¶ And þenne ransake his owne concience. and þat þat he and search and examine his own conscience, fyndeþ vncleene. loke þat he wasche hem awey wiþ teeris of conpunccioun. þenne bihoueþ him go to his and go to con∣fession. confessoure. and caste out wiþ meke schrifte alle venym of synne.

¶ And whenne he haþ doon þus. þenne muste hym In all humility he must think of the meekness of God lifte vp his herte wiþ alle maner of þe moste humilite. and concidere þe mekenesse of god. and þe wrecchid freyelte of his owne fleische. ¶ How myche and how and his own frailty; worþi þat god is and how litle and how vnworþi hym silf is / and þus schal he of hym silf make nouȝtte and magnifye god. þat he [fol. 224 b.] may be turned in-to god. so þat he se noon oþur þing. ne feele but god ¶ þenne if he suffre þus mekely and pacientely. in alle tymes. he may myche þe liȝtteloker. and þe more suloker þenke on þe greet loue of oure lord ihesu crist. þat wolde of hym of the great love of our Lord; silf þat is so worþi ȝeue his lijf to distroye þe syneful lijf of mankynde ¶ þenne may he wel þenke vp-on þe poyntis of cristis passioun. and ouere þat for to wondre. of his wondirful charite. þat not oonly wolde offre hym in dying for us, and offering him∣self to us in this sacrament. silf to vs on þe crosse. but he offriþ hym silf to vs in þe sacramente of þe auter for to be fully with vs ¶ Ȝe ȝe and ȝit þerto ful myche more. for he ȝeueþ hym silf to vs. for to be ful surely groundyd in oure hertis. ¶ A! good and graciouse swete lord. who may suffyse for to þenke þe leste sparkele of þi wondirful sweete loue—soþely no man.

¶ þerfore byfore þe resseyuynge of þis worþi and Devotion for a priest before receiving; moste hooly sacramente. a preeste may seye þus ful per∣fitely in his herte ¶ I haue a tyme, lord. I knowe wel þat alle werkis and desertis of men, be þei neuere so hooly, þei ben vnworþi for to resceyue þee, lord. So worþi. So myȝtty. So benynge. So mercyful as þou art in alle neede. ¶ A! a! soþefast merciful lord. how myche more þenne am I vnworþi þat euery day synne. and as a man vncorrigible dwelle þer-in stylle ¶ A! good lord, whi do I suche dispite to þee. to caste acknowledging his vileness; þee my lord god so preciouse in-to so foule a pitte of my concience, For soþely my sweete and graciouse souereyne lord. I knoweleche to þe þat þer nys no goonge more stynkynge þenne my soule is. ¶ A! lord, lord, þat art so humble. and so meke. what schal I do wiþ þee, kyndely lord, whi, what schal I leye þee lord in þat foule place, soþely lord I durste not. but þat I [fol. 225] hope to þi mercy ¶ But souereyne myȝtteful lord, I trowe þat þi mercy is eendeles more þenne alle myn but trusting in the mercy of Christ, orible and foule wrecchid synne, þerfore I am al trist∣ynge in þi goodnesse, merciful lord. ¶ I aventure me to resceyue þee, swete lord, as a syke man resseyueþ a medcyne. ¶ þou art a sooþfaste leche, lord, and soþely who is the true physician. I am syke. þerfore I take þee. for to be maad hool þorouȝ þee. ¶ And þe syker þat I am, by so myche I wolde ben maad hool bi þee, my swete lord; and þe more nede þat I haue of þee, þe more ententely and bisili schulde I þenke to calle vp-on þee ¶ For whi lord in helynge of my deedly sykenesse schal wel be schewyd and commendyd þe michilheed of þi goodnesse.

¶ And þenne aftir þis whenne he haþ resceyued þat Thoughts after receiving, as to the vanity of the world; myȝtteful and blessydful sacramente he may þenne þenke þus ¶ I wole not now aftir þis moste worþi mete. fede me wiþ myche of þe wordely vanite / nouþir I wole not aftir suche goostely sauoure delyte me fleischely in eny creature. ¶ Neuereþeles if it be so. þat a man feele not goostely affeccioun. ne ȝit in de∣uoute sterynge þorouȝ goostely encentynge of herte in or when there has been an absence of spiritual affec∣tions. tyme of his resseyuynge. it is good þat he þenke þenne. þat it is a tokene of greet sykenesse of synne. or ellis of greet deeþ. or ellis it is suffraunce of god for to meke a man. ¶ But a man schal euere conceyue in his owne A man should always recognize his short comings, concience. þat he is continuelly in defaute aȝen þat myȝtteful lord and þerfore schulde he ful mekely. and obeschauntely seye to hym þus. ¶ A! lord, lord, now ful mercyful lord, what schal I do. I haue putte fyre in my bosum, and I feele noon heete of it. ¶ Lo! lo! lord euereful mercyful to [fol. 225 b.] synneful wrecchis. I haue put hony in my mouþ, and I fele no maner swetnesse þer-of. ¶ A! good lord ihesu crist, rue vp-on me, þe and plead for mercy. moste vnkynde and frowarde wrecche, for I haue re∣sceyued a souereyne medcyne, and ȝit I feele neuere þe more heele.

¶ þus schal a man lowely and debonerly meke hym Thus should a man humble him∣self before Christ, silf wiþ dreede and loue þat he schulde haue, and euere owiþ to haue, to þat worþi lord in þe sacramente of þe auter in forme of breed, þe whiche is crist ihesu. ¶ And þenne anoon þorouȝ þis deuoute drede and loue, he schal amende his lijf and turne to bettir. ¶ For and so amend. alle if a man may not anoon feele swetnesse and gostely sauoure in þis worþi sacramente. he schal not þerfore dispeyre. but abyde mekely and pacientely þe grace of god. and do þat in hym is for to haue it ¶ For whenne Where the virtue of the sacrament has not been felt, a syke man resceyueþ a medcyne he is not anoon hool. but ȝit he hopiþ þorouȝ it to ben hool / And þerfore he kepiþ him warly from alle þingis þat is contrarie to his medcyne. and suffriþ pacientely dissese. vn-to þe tyme still its benefits should be patient∣ly waited for. þat þe medcyne haue wrouȝtte in hym. and restored hym wel aȝen. ¶ þus schulden we þat ben syke in synne resseyue þe heelful medcyne of þis preciouse sacramente

¶ Neuerþeles if a man þorouȝ eny goostely feelynge Where the benefits have been experi∣enced, feele hym silf wel, it is good þat he þenke not þat it comeþ of hym silf, but of þe goodnesse of god. þat fediþ of his grace. boþe good man and badde / and wel may he þenne þenke þus ¶ Lo! lo! euery synneful creature. þis dooþ oure merciful and graciouse lord to me for to schewe to me my wickidnesse. and for to they must be received with acknowledgments of unworthiness. ouerecome my wrecchidnesse wiþ plente of his good∣nesse ¶ Lo! lo! wel may I be Ioyeful for he makiþ me, a deed man. for to feele lijf / And me a stynkynge worme for to taste [fol. 226] heuenly delyte ¶ A! a! siþen oure lord is so curteyse to me. þat alwey lyue in synne. what trowe I þat he wole do to me. ȝif I fully offre me to hym soþely mych bettir þenne I can seye. or eny herte may þenke.

¶ Preye we to god wiþ good entente. þat we mowne Prayer for due reception. to his plesaunce resceyue þe sacramente.

Amen. APPENDIX IV. A TREATISE OF THE MANNER AND MEDE OF THE MASS.

(From the Vernon MS., Bodleian Library.)

Her techeþ þys tretys þenne, Hou mon scholde here hys masse: This treatise teaches how people should hear their mass, and is needful to high and low. Hit is ful nedful to alle menne, To more and eke to lasse. Ȝong and olde · More and lasse, Hearing mass, good for all bap∣tized Christians. Ful god hit is · to here A Masse. þat Cristendam · haþ tan. Hit was mad · for soule hele, It was made for soul's health, and the Lord's Prayer, þe Pater noster · wiþ dedes fele And deprofundis · Is on. þe Pater noster · Is pris preyere prayer of price, with others, many and diverse. Wiþ oþer orisons · mony and sere. Holdeþ ow stille as ston, And ȝe schul here · þe beste þing Silence bespoken, þat euer ȝe herde · of Olde or ȝyng As wyde · as mon haþ gon. ¶ Lustneþ here · and ȝe wol lyþe Of a talkyng · I wol ȝou kiþe, for a discourse full of comfort, Cumfort · to al Mon-kynde, þat is þe Meedes · of þe Masse. viz. The merits of the mass. Eueri mon · boþe more and lasse, Schulde haue hit · in his mynde, All should know how to take part Hou þat ȝe scholde · ȝor seruise seye, in common prayer, and use of private devotion; And priueliche · ȝor preyers preye To him þat may · vn-bynde, In saluyng · of ȝor synnes seuene To þe mihtful kyng · of heuene Vr Fader · þat we schal fynde. ¶ And hou vr Fader · schal be founde and how they may turn to God. To vche a mon · þat is I-bounde In sunne · as I ow say. His suffrance · we may se His longsuffering and readiness to help. Hou þat he suffreþ · þe and me Wiþ miht · al þat he may, And euere is redi · vr bales to bete, To loke what tyme · þat we wol leete In-to vr laste day, Ȝif we ben in wille · to leue vr synne, If we have a good will, he teaches the way to heaven. He techeþ vs wel · hou we schal wynne To heuene · þe heiȝe way. ¶ What mon wolde now · suffre so, No man in the like case would be so longsuffering, His sone I-slayen · and hedde no mo, But ȝif he miȝte · lyue a-ȝeyn. Ȝif he for traytrie · weore take, Sone he schulde · be forsake, Or elles · soþli slayn. Whon þou dost · a dedly synne, and we by sin crucify the Lord afresh, Al þe while · þat þou dwellest þer-Inne, þou puttest · to his payn, þe same he suffred · for vr sake. þen most merci · a-mendes make but his mercy clears us. Boþe wiþ miht · and mayn. ¶ þorw his Merci · and his miht He reweþ of vs · a-ȝeynes þe riht, He grieves for us, As Rihtwysnes · wol rede. Rihtwysnes · wolde assone As we dedly synne · haue done where justice would condemn us to death. To dampne vs · to þe dede. þen most Merci · be Mayster most, Therefore, mercy, stand us in stead, þorw þe miht · of þe holy gost, And stonde wiþ vs · in stede; and remain with us till prayer has freed us from that sentence of death. And lenge wiþ vs · in leo and lede Til we beo don · out of þat dede þorw bone · of holy bede. ¶ wiþ ȝor leue · I wol be-gynne Now I begin to put you in mind of the Mass, and it is a good subject for my verse-making. Of A Mater · for to mynne, A good þing · for to make, On þe hexte þing hit is, þat euer was mad · þat is þe Mes, Monnes sunnes · to slake. Eueri day · þou maiȝt se Thou mayest see the Body of Christ, who died for thee, þe same bodi · þat diȝed for þe, Tent · ȝif þou wolt take, In figure · and in fourme of Bred, in figure, and in form of bread, as He gave it before His death. þat Iesus dalte · er he weore ded, For his disciples · sake. On þe hexte þing · to here, High as it is, And þe lihtest · for to lere, it is easy for the unlearned to learn For lewed men · In lare. Hou þat ȝe schul · ȝor seruise say, when to join in the service, and And priueliche · ȝor preyers pray, In churche · whon þat ȝe are. when to pray by themselves, do ow wel to witen · wiþ-outen drede, þe Masse was mad · for monnes nede, for the Mass is for all. For al folk lasse and mare. As þe prest seiþ · his preyere, All ought to pray as the priest, if they knew what he said. So schulde vche mon · þat him gon here, And þei wuste · what hit ware. ¶ Ȝif I seide þis word · wiþ my wit I do not speak of myself, without warrant of holy writ, Wiþ-outen witnesse · of holi writ, Wisdam weore hit non: þerfore I wole þat ȝe hit witen, Hou þat we · fynde hit writen Wiþ Auctours · mony on. Of Austin, Ambrose · Bernard, and Bede and so I give the reasons of St Augustine, &c., Ȝit heore Resons · wol I rede A-Mong ȝow · euerichon. þei make muynde · of mony a mede who put on record the merits of the Mass. þat we schul haue · for vre good dede, To churche · whon þat we gon. What tyme · þat þow biginnest to go, Every step to and from hearing Mass is noted by the guardian angel. Ouþer · to þe churche or fro, To here A Masse · ȝif þou may, Eueri fote · þat þou gas, þyn Angel poynteþ hit · vch a pas þe Prince of heuene · to pay. þat day schalt þou elde nouȝt, That day a man does not age, Ȝif þou beo studefast in þi þouht On God · þat is verray. Not Blynt þat day · schalt þou not be, nor become blind: þat þou þi sauiour · hast se, þorw him þat mihtes · may. ¶ A Fair grace · God haþ þe ȝiuen he has God's par∣don, if he goes to confession; Of þi sunnes · and þou be schriuen þat day · þou hast god se. ȝif þou be ded · þe same day, and if he die, it avails as the viaticum. þou schalt be founden · I þe fay, Hoseled · as þou hed be. Baldely maiȝt þou · swete and swynke It makes work to be without annoy∣ance or trouble, For to wynne þe · Mete and drinke Wiþ-outen tray · or tene. And ȝif þou be · in eny drede, and helps to cure sharp sorrows. Al þe better · schalt þou spede To keuere of cares kene. ¶ Ȝif þou haue eny · wey to wende, Before a journey hear early Mass, I rede þou here · a masse to ende In þe Morennynge · ȝif þow may: And ȝif þou may not · do so, I rede beo vnderne · ar þou go, or ad tertiam, Or elles · be heiȝ midday. or ad sextam. Serteynliche · wiþ-outen fayle, þou schalt not leose · of þi trauayle It will not hinder your journey. Not half a foote · of way. O þi bodi · þou schalt be lihtore, And þi weyes · wende þe Rihtore, þorwh him · þat mihtes may. ÞOuh he be nouȝt · at þi lykynge Be not kept away by any priest. þe prest þat schal þy masse synge, þerfore lette þou nouht: His Masse schal be · as good to heere, His unworthiness cannot hinder the Sacrament; As Monk, Chanoun · Hermyte, or Frere. þus þenk hit · in þy þouht. þauȝ his preyere · and his bone Bi-fore God · come not so sone, As he þat neuer synne wrouȝt. Ihesu crist · souereyn of al and his Master, Christ, will judge him. He may deeme · boþe gret and smal. þus Doctours · han I-souht. ¶ Seynt Ambrose seiþ · hose redeþ riht, St Ambrose says þe Masse · Is of so muche miht, þer nys no mon · þat May, Wheþer þat he · be old or ȝonge, þe tenþe part · telle wiþ tonge, þeiȝ he schulde · liue for ay. þe Exposission · is so expres the subject is inexhaustible by time or skill. Wiþ al þe priuete of þe Mes Serteyn · wiþ-oute delay þat couþe a mon neuere · so muche of art He mihte not telle · þe tenþe part, þauȝ he hedde þouȝt to say. ¶ Seynt Ierom seiþ · for soules sere þauh a Mon wolde · a þousent ȝere St Jerome cited for the necessity for a mass for every several soul. Do a Masse · for to synge, His [read Hit] is nouþer more ne las, But vch a soule · schal haue a mas— Hit is so heiȝ · a þinge. ȝit I Rede ow · go to chirche, Still go to church and be doing God's work. Godes werkes · for to worche, In-to vr laste · endynge. Haue we no doute · of vr dole, Vch soule schal haue · a masse al hole, Every soul shall have a separate Mass. þorw help · of heuene kynge. Ful hard hit were · to vre bi-houe Vch a prouerbe · for to proue Hard to prove all this by all these authors; Of þeos Auctours · alle: Serteynliche · wiþ-outen lees Of sum of hem · þen wol I sees for I foresee if I only cited some at length, For þing · þat may be-falle Ȝif I drouȝ hem · on lengþe, I trou no mon · schulde haue þe strengþe no man could stand it out; To stonde · and heere hem alle. Lewed men · and ȝe wol list, but I shall be glad for you to know when to call on Christ. Ful fayn I wolde · þat ȝe hit wist, On Crist · whon ȝe schulde calle. ¶ To calle on Crist · with mylde chere, You are ignorant, and I will teach you. Lewed Men · I schal ȝou lere Whon þat þe prest · bi-ginnes, Whon he seiþ · his Confiteore, When the priest says his Confiteor, bowing before the altar, Feire he louteþ · þe Auter bi-fore To schriue him of his synnes. Serteynly · wiþ-oute delay And ȝe for þe prest pray, and you pray for him, if he remem∣bers you in the memento, how great is your reward. And he atte Masse ȝou mynne, Sikerli · I dar wel say, þer nis no tonge · þat telle may What Mede · þat ȝe may wynne. ¶ But ȝit I telle ȝou sikerly, But if you only pray for yourself, it is not half what your fallen nature demands from you, And ȝe preye · but only For ȝor owne · hele, I do ȝow to witen · with-outen drede, Ȝe beo not worþ · so muche meede, Not be þe haluendele, As þi kuynde · puttes þe to, To don vuele · he biddes þe do: since it inclines you to evil. Ȝif þou wol wone · in weole, Prey for þe prest · and he for þe. Where there is this mutual prayer, there is true praise. þat Is a preyere · of charite, þen maiȝt þou synge · of loue lele. ¶ Loue is trewe · in vche a leede Ȝif þou do ille · vuel schalt þou spede "Ill deed, ill speed." For al þe craftes · þat þou con. Whon þat þou comest · þe chirche with-Inne And þou sest · þe prest bi-gynne Whilst the priest is vesting, Take his vestimens · on, Loke þou do · as I sey þe: Knele a-doun · vppon þi kne, kneel and be still, Noyse · þat þow make non. Seþþe stond vp · at þi seruise then stand and do your service, And serue god · on þis wyse, Al folk · euerichon. all of you. ¶ þou schalt say · þi drihten, Say thy Domine in multitudine, &c., and place thyself under the safe∣guard of the Blessed Virgin; And deore god almihten, And In Marie · I me a-seure, þat heo saue vs alle, Boþe grete · and smalle,— Of sunnes · we beþ vn-pure—and pray for shrift of sins And þat I may me schriue Of al my wikked lyue, To Prest · þat bereþ þe cure, þat I haue I-wrouȝt, And in herte · I-þouȝt, in deed and thought against man's better nature. As vnkuynde · creature. ¶ I was vn-kuynde, A Form of Con∣fession. And was þenne · blynde, To worche · a-ȝeynes his wille, þat furst me wrouȝt, And seþþe me bouȝt, Fro peynes · he was put to ille, þer-fore · we pray To þe · to-day, þat knowes boþe good · and ille, Graunt vs lyue, Prayer to live to complete penance. We may vs schriue, Vr penaunce · to folfille. ¶ We schal preyȝe Iesus Prayer to Christ for forgiveness, þat he forȝiue vs Vr sunnes · þat we may synge, þat we may pray, þe Prince · to-day, Schop eorþe · and alle þinge; þat in Clannesse, for purity, and for benefit from the Mass. We may þe Messe, for purity, and for benefit from the Mass. þorw miht · of heuene kynge, So deorliche · to do, To torne þe to Vs alle · to good endynge. ¶ Certes sires · ful good hit is It is no doubt good to stand and say a word of prayer at the Mass; To stonde stille · at þe Mes, Sum good word · for-to say, Whuche þat ȝe wole preye fore, you may pray for scores, þauh ȝe do · for mony a score At a Masse ȝe may, Alle þo · þat ȝe nempne nouȝt, either naming them or thinking of them, But only þenke · in ȝor þouȝt þat ȝe wolde · fore pray. I do ow to wite · with-outen doute, and every soul of them has a Mass, if not lost in hell for ever. þer nis no soule · a Masse wiþ-oute, But he haue helle for ay. ¶ Wust I my Fader · in flesch and felle If my father was in hell, Weore holliche · I-holden in helle, þer weore · non hope of hele. To preye for him · I couþe no Red, I would no more pray for him than for a dead dog; No more · þen for A Dogge were ded, But let hem wiþ him · dele. Ȝit I rede · we go to chirche Godes werkes for-to worche Ȝif we wole wone · in wele. Seþþe hit is · vnknowe to vs, but still, as this is not known, we pray for all the faithful. We schul preye for alle · Fidelibus To Rewe soules · þat beþ lele. Ȝit I bidde ȝou · takeþ good tent Now take care you don't talk with any man, þat ȝe holde · no parlyment Wiþ no cristen mon Whon ȝe come · þe Churche with-Inne, And ȝe seo · þe prest bi-ginne after the priest begins to vest, Take · þe vestimens on. þe foule fend · so fel is. or the Devil will write all you say, He writ ȝor wordes · I-wis On A Rolle · euerichon. Also witnesseþ · seynt Austine, as witness Saint Augustine of England. þat furst wit · in Engelond gan lene And preched · þe treuþe bi-gon. ¶ Ar seynt Austin · In Engelond come, Wiþ [scratched out] Pope Gregori · of Rome When he was at Rome, he was one day called to minister as deacon by Saint Gregory the Great, Ful long tyme · gon he dwelle. Vppon a day · for worschupefulnesse þe [scratched out] Pope wolde · synge A Messe, As him ful fayre · bi-felle. He made a signe · to seynt Austyne, For he schulde ben · his dekne digne To Rede · þe gospelle, And as he radde · þen sauh he þen and he saw two women talking together, whilst he read the gospel, Two wyues · as ȝe may witen, Tales þen gonne þei telle. ¶ Seynt Austin · herde þis wordes alle, In A wyndow · on þe walle, þer · bi-fore his face A foul fend · he sauȝ þer-In and he saw a devil also (so God gave him grace), who wrote what they said, Wiþ penne · and enke. and parchemin As God ȝaf him þe grace He wrot so faste · til þat he want, For his parchemyn skin · was so scant, but soon used his parchment, To speken · þei hedde such space. Wiþ his teeþ · he gon hit togge, so he tugged it with his teeth, till it stretched, And so radli · he gon hit Rogge, þat al þe Rolle · gon race. ¶ So harde raced · he þat Rolle, þat he chopped · his Cholle, and he knocked his head against the wall. A-ȝeyn þe Marbel-ston. Al þe folk · I þe chirche A-bout Was a-stoneid · of þat clout, And herden hit · euerichone. Every one heard the blow, and St Austin burst out laugh∣ing, Seynt Austin seiȝ · hou faste he drouh, He barst on lauhtre · and loude louh; þe [[erased] Pope] ful sore · gon grone to the great grief of the Pope, For serwe · neiȝ þe [erased] Pope wept. who remonstrated with him after Mass, After masse · Austyn he met And Mekely · made his mone. ¶ He made his mone · wiþ mylde mod, Whi weore þou · so wikked and wod For to do · þat dede, charging him with madness for what he had done; A worse dede · miht þou neuer done. Austin onswerde · him ful sone— þer-of he hedde · gret dred— Lord, greue ȝe nouȝt · til þat ȝe wite; but he asked him not to grieve till he knew all, A foul fend · I say site— Serwe · mot ben his mede— Two wyues · sat ȝonder, langare, and told him the story of the women and the fiend, Alle heore wordes · wrot he þare Vppon a Rolle · to rede. ¶ þei tok no tent · til heore Mas, Al heore wordes · more and las He wrot hem · euerichon. who wrote all they said, For to speke · þei hedde such space, þe fend wrot · wiþ a foul face, Til his Parchemyn · was al gon. Whon his parchemyn · was al spende, and how in stretching the parchment, He rauhte þe Rolle · bi þe ende Wiþ his teth · a-non He logged · þat al in synder gon lasch And wiþ his hed · he ȝaf a dasch he dashed his head against the marble, A-ȝeyn þe Marbel-ston. ¶ Lord greue ȝe not · for þat dunt and that cut the saint short in his reading. He stoneyd me · and made me stunt Stille out of my steuene. I wol sigge · as I seȝe, He said as he saw, without a lie, For a word · wol I not lyȝe Be Mihtful kyng · of heuene. He ladde him forþ · as I trowe, and led the Pope to the window, Til he com · to þe wynt-douwe þat I be-fore · gon nemene. Foul þei fond · þer I-sched and there they found black filth on the ashlar. As blac as pich · was I-spred Vppon þe Aschelers · euene. ¶ þis is wonder-þing · with-outen drede—This is a miracle, no doubt, for devils have no blood, but it was allowed for cor∣rection sake. þer was neuer fend · blod mihte blede, He haþ nouþer · flesch ne bon, But god wolde · þat hit were so To chastise hem · and oþer mo þat to churche · gun gon. Til a Masse · was seid to ende. Till Mass is ended, a man should be stone-still, A Mon schulde talke · with fo nor frende, But holde him stille · as ston. þat hous was mad · for preyere for it is the house of prayer to Jesus and His mother. To Iesu · and to his Moder dere To þonke hem · al heore lon. At þe wyues · gon þei witen The women had much unseemly talk, What þei seiden · whon þei siten Seynt Austyn · hem bi-syde, Bi heore onswere · þei wuste ful wel, þat þei hedde spoken · muchel vncel, and would fain have kept it secret; And in heore hertes · gun hyde. þerfore sires · I rede ȝe loke, God tent · I wolde ȝe toke, so do you take care, For þing · þat may bi-tyde, þat ȝe mesure ȝou · þe mare Of speche · þat ȝe ow spare and moderate your loquacity at Mass. At Masse · whon þat ȝe byde. ¶ þe [erased] Pope greued him · wel þe lasse, The Pope com∣manded that the miracle should be borne in mind, He let comaunden · at þe Masse Of þat Miracle · to mynne, And also bad · wiþ ful good wille þat eueri Mon · schulde stonde stille, and that every one should be silent at Mass. Whon he comeþ · þe churche with-Inne. And þenne hou wel · þat god may wreke Think of God's anger. Euerich a word · þat we speke, A word might hinder the priest in his Mass, We do ful muche synne; A Prest miȝt be let · of his mes, Al þis world · miȝt fare þe wers, and the whole world might suf∣fer for it. Vs alle to wo · to wynne. ¶ Vr Fader vre · al weldyng is, God let vs neuere · his murþes mis. Here follows a paraphrase of the Lord's Prayer with a Farsura. Lord halwed · be þi name. In heuene and eorþe · þi wille Be don · and þat is skille, Or elles we ben · to blame. Vr vche dayes bred · ȝif vs to-day, þat we may trustily · whon we schul a-way, To come · to þi kyndame God kepe vs · to vre laste endynge Let neuer þe fend · with fals fondynge Cumbre vs · in no schame. ¶ þis pater noster · schulde ben vsed The Paternoster should be put aside for no prayer, And for non orison · beo refused— I schal ȝow telle · for whi. Of his Mouþ · hit was maad for it was He made it who redeemed the world from woe. þat al þis world · long and braad Out of Bale · gan buyȝe. Leeue hit wel · and not wene hit, Believe the Lord's Prayer, þe pater noster · contened Alle þing · hollye, þat vs neodeþ · and non oþer, as none other comprises all we need in this world and the next. Boþe for þis world · and þat oþer, Quik · whon we schal dye. ¶ At the gospel · were ful good, Stand at the gospel; Studefastliche · þat ȝe stod, For no þing · þat ȝe stured hit. Al ȝor lykyng · þer-on leiþ To wite what þe prest seiþ, Holliche · þat ȝe here hit. þauȝ ȝe vnderstonde · hit nouȝt, you may under∣stand none of it, but it is what Christ wrought, and it is wisdom in the unlearned to honour His work. Ȝe may wel wite · þat god hit wrouȝt, And þerfore · wisdam were hit For to worschupe · al godes werkes To lewed men · þat ben none clerkes: þis lesson · now go lere hit. Now learn that, ¶ And whi ȝe schulde · þis lessun lere Herkneþ alle · and ȝe may here. exemplum. þer a Neddre · hauntes And here's a reason. ȝe may wel fynde · and ȝe wol seche. He[o] vnderstond · no þing þi speche, The adder under∣stands not a word of thy charm, Whon þou hire · enchauntes, Neuerþeles · heo wot ful wel but she knows thy meaning. What is þi menynge · eueri-del Whon þat þou hire · endauntes. So fereþ · þer vnderstondyng fayles, So, when not understood, the power of God's word still avails. þe verrey vertu · ȝow alle a-vayles þorw grace · þat god ȝow grauntes. WHon þe gospel · is I-don, After the Gospel ȝit wolde I, gode men · euerichon, þat ȝe couþe · ȝor crede, comes the Creed. What tyme · þat þe prest say, Would that you knew it, and could say it with the priest, þat ȝe miȝte · ȝor-self pray, Forsoþe · hit were gret nede. And seþþe trewely · trouwe þer-Inne, and belieed it, as well as said it, for therein is great reward; And fulliche · out of ȝor mouþ hit mynne, þer-to liht · muche mede. And ȝif ȝe trowe · and wol not telle, but believing without doing is devil's deed. So dude þe fend · þat from heuene felle, And doþ hit nouht · in dede. ¶ þouȝ þou neuere · so trewely trowe, To believe without works is nothing; the devil believes and trembles; Wiþ-oute dede [MS. drede] · ful luytel hit douwe, So doþ þe deuel · þat dredes. But seynt Jacob · Josepes broþer Seiþ þat we schal · don non oþer In his pistel · whose redes. Such þing as þou seyst and doos þi Neiȝebor wol þer-of · make Roos and man's praise is according to the life you lead. What lyf · þat þow lede. Wiþ-In a storie · in þat stede He seiþ · þat trouþe is but dede, "Faith without works is dead," (Ja. ii. 20,) But hit be don · in dede. ¶ Ȝit beo þer mo men · lyuing in lede, still I would more men, that live in the world, knew their creed. þat I wolde · couþe heore crede, And whon þei couþe ken hit. I haue I-seid · as I con: I have done my best to English it—if there is a fault, do not turn me into ridicule behind my back, but let me know of it. Ȝif þer beo euer · eny mon, þat seiþ he con a-mende hit, Faute þer-Inne · ȝif þat he fynde, Mak no scornynge · me be-hynde, But a-ȝeyn to me · he sende hit, Or elles help · þat I may here hit. þus an Englisch · as I lernde hit, I haue I-þouht · to ende hit. [The MS. does not insert the Creed.] ¶ A Resun · I schal reden ow riht, The reason why day precedes the night. Whi þe day · bi-fore þe niht Was ordeynt · for-to be. For Adam · of þe Appel eete, Adam sinned. Iesu Crist · vr bales con beete, Christ betters our woe. þat dyed · vppon þe Tre. Out of liht · þat he was Inne Adam for his sin became the prisoner of hell, In-to helle · for his sinne Holliche · þer was he, He was banischt · out of blis In-to helle · boþe he and his, Bi-foren · þat was so fre. though at first so free. ¶ Ȝit a Resun · I schal ȝou say, Another reason—why night before day. Whi þe niht · bi-fore þe day Was ordeynt · I schal ȝou telle. For Iesus suffred · woundes fyue, Christ suffered and harrowed hell, and then rose again out of dark∣ness: And siþþe a-Ros · fro deþ to lyue, And after · herwede helle, Out of þesternes · þorw his miht, A-ȝeyn he put him · to þe liht, He restored Adam to the light of paradise. Whuch · þat he fro felle, And dude him a-ȝeyn · in paradis, þat he hedde lost · boþe he and his, Wiþ speche · as I ow spelle. Aluytel bi-fore · þe prest wasch, Before the wash∣ing, don't wait for the priest to ask for the mass∣penny, but go up and offer: let him not · his offryng asch, Ȝif þou þenke · for-to offre. Whon he torneþ · a-non þe tille, Go vp to him · with ful good-wille, And þi peny · him profre, þauȝ þou be not · þer-to in dette, though there is no obligation, it is well bestowed, þou schalt þinke hit · ful wel bi-set, I swere bi seynt Cristofre. for it will keep you from sin, Of sinnes · hit wol make þe to sese, And þi catel · also encrese and make thy chattel increase in thy strong box. Of seluer · in þi Cofre. But fayn I wolde · þat þou þus seide, Devotion to be said at the offer∣ing to God, Whon þou · in his hond hit leide, Or þenk hit · in þi þouht: God þat was · In Bethleem bore, that was born in Bethlehem, þreo kynges kneled · þe beo-fore, And heore offryng · brouȝt. þou tok heore offryng · of alle þre, So receyue · þis of me and accepted the gifts of the Magi to receive thine, and that thou mayest dwell with Him. And for-ȝete me · nouȝt þat I may euere · wiþ þe wone And kuyndelich clepe þe · godes sone On þe Roode · as þou me bouȝt. ¶ Whon he haþ waschen · þen he walkes After washing the priest returns to the altar, Priueliche · and stille he stalkes To his Auter · a-ȝeyn. þe furste þing he doþ · with-oute doute To his weuede · þen wol he loute—when he bows before it, þe soþe is nouȝt to leyn. Seþþe he stondeþ · vp-riht His hondes heueþ · vppon hiht and crosses him∣self, Him-self · for-to sayn. þenne he torneþ · him to ȝow; and turns towards the people to ask their prayers. Cristene men · herkeneþ now And preyeþ · wiþ al ȝor mayn. ¶ þen he bi-ginnes · his secre Then he says his secreta, the people kneel∣ing, A-doun þenne · knele ȝe A luyte while way, Til þat he seþ per omnia, And seþþe · Sursum corda. until the Sursum corda; What is þat · to say, Hit is a nedful note to nemen: Hef vp ȝor hertes · in-to heuen Heave (lift) up your hearts. To him · þat al mihtes may. Seþþe schul ȝe · þonke him þus Of bodi and soule · has ȝiuen vs, And þus maner · schul ȝe pray. ¶ Lustneþ alle · to þis þing— Bi-twene þe sanctus · and þe sakeryng. From the Sanctus to the consecra∣tion, the people stand, Ȝe schal preye · stondynge. Hit semes wel · in þat whyle þat god · in his Exyle In þis world · was wonynge. Seþþe schul ȝe · knele a-doun but then kneel and meditate of Christ's passion, And þenke · vppon his passioun þat he hedde heer · suffrande— Hou þat he suffrede · woundes fyue And seþþe he ros · from deþe to lyue And nou has heuene · in hande. ¶ Ȝit schul ȝe preye · for eny þing though before the bell rings they may pray as they will. Bi-twene þe sanctus · and be sakeryng, Til þat þe belle knelle: Ȝif eny mon haþ scorn · to here hit, Be my trouþe · wisdam weore hit, A warning against scorn of the doctrine—go home, ye scorners! þat he heolde · him stille. þe same mon · ȝe lauȝwhe to scorn, Was of A Mayden · in Bethleem born, Me þinke · ȝe don ful ille. Whose has hoker · gas hame: To telle hit ȝou · me þinkes no schame, I preue hit bi a Bille. ¶ Godes Flesch · he reiseth o-lofte, At the elevation of the body and also of the blood, And his blod · feir and softe In þe chalis · wiþ-Inne; þen schul ȝe knele a-doun, kneel and say a prayer. And sey a luyte · orisoun, For no þing · þat ȝe blynne. God þat on þe Rode · was slon, þo two and he · beoþ boþe on Both the species and the crucified are but one. þat dyed · for al monnes synne. After, þe prest · his Armes spredes he Then the priest spreads his arms cross-wise. In toknynge · he dyed vppon þe tre For me · and al mon-kunne. ¶ Whon þe pater noster · is don, After the Lord's prayer follows the Agnus Dei. To þe Agnus dei · he goþ ful son, (Herkneþ hende · in halle) Godes lomb · hit is to sei, þis worldes sinne · to don a-wey And haue merci · on vs alle þe same lomb · hit is to minne, To don a-wei · þis worldes synne To þe we crie · and calle. A prayer for strength and grace and peace. Iesu for þi miht and grace A-bate vr synnes · In vch a place þi pes mot on vs · falle. ¶ Whon he haþ vsed · he walkeþ riht After the priest has communi∣cated, To Lauatorie · þer hit is diht For to wassche · his hende. he washes again, and says the Post-communion, So gostly · he comes a-geyn Vn-to god · for-to preyen Sum special grace · hym sende For al þe folk · þat þer wore, and the people are to kneel to the end of the Mass, Whuch þat he haþ · preyed fore, þat a Masse · may mende. þen to knele · hit is best Til hit cum · to Ite Missa est Be seid · in-to þe ende. ¶ þenne schul ȝe knele a-doun, And sei a luytel Orisoun and say a prayer of Saint Ambrose, Riht on þis Maneere. þe Orisoun is · of seynt Ambrose þat he properly · in prose which he made in Latin prose, Made in his preyere. þen to preye · is ful good tyme, I con not wonder wel ryme On latin · ȝou to lere. but I render it into English verse, as well as I can. But noþeles · I wol assay As neiȝ þe text · as euer I may. Herkne · and ȝe may heere. ¶ God þat diȝed · vppon þe tre, A prayer to our Lord, Þat þe prest receyuede · bodile Vppon · þe Auter-ston; Graunt vs grace · whon we hennes go, for inward peace of conscience. þat we may worþily · don al-so In vre concience · al on. After vr dedes · and we be demed, If we were judged according to our works we should be banished from His bliss. From his blisse · we schal be flemed Out of þat worþli won. God graunt vs grace · In wille and word We may be worþi · to his bord, Vr lord lene vs · þat lon. Ȝit prei vr ladi · as I ow telle þat ȝe forȝete not · þe god-spelle And pray also to the Virgin, and don't forget the gospel after the Mass: For þing · þat may bi-falle. Tac a good entent · þer-to Hit is · þe Inprincipio On latin · þat men calle. A ȝer and fourti dayes · atte lest For verbum caro factum est To pardoun · haue ȝe schalle. an indulgence to those who kiss the ground, when it is ended. Mon or wommon · schal haue þis, þat kneles doun · þe eorþe to kis. For-þi · þenk on hit, alle. ¶ Now haue I endet · so as is Now I have finished, þe Maner · and þe Mede · of þe Mes: þer-of I am · ful bliþe and well pleased I am. Ne more þer-of · to mele with mouþe. I haue seid · as I couþe, I þonke god · fele siþe. Of my trauayle · is me nouȝt, I think nothing of my trouble, if you profit by it; Wolde ȝe þenke hit · in ȝor þouȝt, And in þe chirche · hit kiþe, þen were hit lykynge · of ȝor mynde but it is good to know it, listen who will. And gret cumfort · to Al Monkynde. Hose wol, lusten · and lyþe. Ȝit is þer þreo þinges · on þe Bok, Still I have made exception of three things in the mass-book; Sikerly · þat I out-tok, And neuer dar make · in Mynde. Hit was wel þouȝt · at my likynge, I ches hit out · bi heuene kynge, þe toþer is ȝit bi-hynde, But better þing · þen I haue told, but none has heard tell of better things than I have told, Herde ȝe neuere · of ȝong ne old On ground · þat men may fynde, Saue fyue wordes · wiþ-outen drede, except the words of consecration, which are for a priest alone. þat no man · but a prest schulde rede, Is comen · of cristen kynde. God þat dyȝed · vppon þe Roode, þat bouȝt vs · with his blessed blode Vp-on þe harde · tre, Ȝiue vs grace · boþe more and lasse, for grace, þorw þe vertu · of þe Masse, Vr soules · mai saued be. unto salvation. Fader and Sone · and Holigost A prayer to the holy Trinity against hell∣torment. As þou art lord · of mihtest most, And sittes · In Trinite, Whon we schal dye · no lengor dwelle, Kep vs · from þe pyne of helle AMEN · For Charite. APPENDIX V. MERITA MISSAE, BY LYDGATE.

(Cotton MS., Titus, A. xxvi, fol. 154.)

God of hewine, that shoope Erthe And hełłe, Prayer to the Creator for grace to instruct the laymen. ȝyf me grace svme word to tełłe To the lewde that can not rede, But the pater noster and the Crede; That I may tełłe youe, or than I fare, He bespeaks silence, even if they know as much as he does, Houe ye shałł praye, whan and whare, And thowgh ye can, as wełłe as I, To here my witte, hit is no fołłye, for though a fool of a monk, what he says may be worth as much as a friar's tale. For sumtym is A fołłe as good to here As the word of A freer. And there-fore, and it be youre wyłłe, Whan I speke, hould youe styłł. At ewyn whane thoue to bedde shałł gone, Devotions at bed∣time, To god thi fadir thou make thy mone, And loke thow sese in-to thi thi in MS. Read his. honde In manus tuas commendo, &c. Lyf, sowłłe, hows, and londe; And say thi pater noste[r] stiłłe, And after thinke no man non iłłe. At mid nyght, ȝif that thou maye, and midnight, Ris and to thi lord thow praye In worshippe of his passions ałłe, He had be nyght in cayface hałłe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . A line or lines left out in the MS. What thou hast saide that orysone. And at morowe whan thou dost wake, and at rising. Nowe is seson with the Cred thoue take. First the Creed, The nexte word after that thoue shalte nemen, Aske thou the kyngdume of heuyne, then the Lord's Prayer, And for thy MS. forthy sowłłe the sam bone, That hit be sawyd at the daye of dome. with intention for thy soul and body. And thowg thy body be of claye, Set thow most ther-for and pray, That where in londe hit comyt or goo, That hit be sawid fro sham or woo. Bles the thanne, ȝif that thou maye, Then cross thy∣self, and away to church. And to the chyrche take the waye. Whan thou comste to the holy place, At the door, take holy water, Caste holy water in thi face, And pray to god that made vs ałłe, with prayer for forgiveness of venial sins. Thi wenyałłe sennys mot fro the ffałł. Than loke to the hy autere, Then pray to the reserved sacra∣ment, hanging above the altar, And pray to hym that hangythe there, Where in londe that thoue wende, That he be at thi laste Ende. Whan thoue haste asked that longithe to þe, Wershipe Ewyr the Ternyte. and then worship the Trinity. When the priest rings the bell, be silent, And whan the preste rynget the bełłe, Loke thou hold thy tong styłłe. His wordis are of Swyche degre, There fałłythe no man to speke but he; and hearken. And whan thou seyste the preste styłłe, Mutual prayer of priest and people. Pray thou than with good wiłłe, Thou for hym, and he for the, And that is a dede of charyte. And whan the gospiłłe shałłe be rede, Listen to the Gospel, Lestene as thoue were adred, For Eury tałłe of a kyng Wold haue dredfułłe lestnyng; And what man saye it is not soo, Be redy to fyght or thou goo. and be ready to do battle for it. Than dare I say thou arte a knyghte, That dare fyght in thi lordis right. And he beddythe yove forto praye, Pray for the priest, when he asks your prayers after the Offertory. Loke that ye saye not naye, But praye faste a-movng youe ałłe, That no temptacion on hym fałłe; For he schałłe pray for youe styłłe, Hewyn blysse he bryng youe tyłłe. And whan he ryngythe the cros-bełłe, And for another reason, pray when the bell is rung at the elevation, Pray than for a nothyr skyłłe, That thow be wordy to see that syght, That schałłe be in hys handis lyght. And whan he restit hym vp on hyght, Knele A-downe with ałłe thy myght, kneeling, And ȝyf thoue aske any thyng, Speke dredfułły as to A kyng. And loke thoue aske no thyng of ryght, and casting thy∣self on the mercy of our Lord. But of his grace and of hys myght. And ye wyłłe a whyłłe duełłe, A good ensampiłł I wiłł youe tełłe: He illustrates his meaning by an example, of one who has forfeited house and land to his earthly sove∣reign. Ȝyf thoue forfite hous and londe, Hit fałłythe into the kyngis honde. That fałłythe thoue in that Caas, To put it into the kyngis grace. And ȝif thoue make a sewte of ryght Thoue getist it newer of grace nor gysthe. Qu. gyfte.—Mr Brock. Than rede I the, nowght thou sewe of ryght, But of hys gras and of hys myght. And namly the ȝifte of swyche A kyng, That may so frely ȝif ałłe thyng— A kyng that mad bothe swne and mone, Hit coste hym litiłł to grant a bone. Lat thyn hart her-on dwełłe, Thare whylis I of the cecunde telle. Whan he hathe that oste in honde, He goes on to speak of the second sacring, so called; (Page 110, l. 21) Loke thoue neythyr sette ne stonde, But doo the reuernce that thou can, In tokynyng that he is bothe god and man. There is no twnge that can tełłe, The rewerence that to hym sełłe. And whan he partythe the oste on twoo, and of the Frac∣tion; Thynke on the sorow and on the woo, (Page 112, l. 15) That he suferde for thy sake, Whan the Iewyse his vaynis brake; And how he dide for the weop To his fader on olywete. And ȝif thyne hert be good & kynde, This loue thoue haue ałłe-waye in mynde. and the emotion it is intended to arouse, despite sneers at hypo∣crisy, And ȝif men the ypocryte całłe, Lat watyr owt of thyn eyine falle; For lasser loue schałł none bee, Thoue wepe for hym that wepte for the. with reflections on Christ's love and power. Of more loue maye no man tełłe, Than deid for loue, and goon to hełłe, Bynd thyn enmye, and bete hym downe, And on thyn hed sete a crow[n]e. His Erytage is so fre, In thy myschefe shałł ȝyef hit the, His aungełł, at his comandemente, Thyne enmyece slayne and ałł to-rente Lat nowe no worłły thynge This loue owt of thyne harte bryng. And whan he is houȝelyed with that oste, When the priest is communi∣cating, Pray than to the holy goste, What sothen a wenture the be-fałłe, Ȝef that it be yower howȝełł ałłe, pray that the mass may stand thee in stead of housel bread. And ȝef ye be in cheryte, Ȝe be hoslyd as wełłe as he: (Page 56, B. 597) His loue and hys moche myght Ȝevythe youe houȝyłł in that syght. And ałłso ȝe, that see him nought, Ȝyf ye loue hym in ałł youre thowght, Whedyr ye Ryden or ye goone, Lat youre loue on hym be oone. And whan the preste gothe to the lauatori, The Rincing. (Page 54, l. 576) Takeytħe it in no veyn glorye; But thanke god with ałł thy myght, He ȝewythe the grace to se that syght. For thow were wont whan thou ver yong, Consideration when mass is ended. Coweyte faste to see a kyng; Than haste thoue sene that coste the noȝt, The kyng that ałł thys world hathe wroȝt, The kyng that mad bothe day and nyght, A line or lines wanting.—Not shown in the MS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ther may none Erthyly tovng tełł, Here is given the ensample of God∣frey of Bouillon; The victory that to hym ffełłe, Godfray whane Ieruȝalem And myche of hethenesse whythem. He was the beste crystyn knyght, That Ewyr fawght in goddys Ryght. Charlys wane Ałł frawnce, And cristende spayne with-owtyn stawnce. and Charles the Great; Kyng he was and Emperouur, Of ałł cristyndome he bare the fflouur, And Euyr-more he had in mynde God that mad ałł man-kynde. Artour com aftyr fułł sonne, and Arthur, And conqueryde into grette Rome. He was the beste, I ondyr-stonde, That Euyr was kyng in Inglonde. He bare portred far and nere who bore about an image of the Virgin and Child, Owyr lady and her sonne dere, And whan he was in any care, He prayd to the Image euyr mare; and prayed to it in time of need, and was always fain to hear mass. And as fayne he wolde hys mas here, As any preste or any freer. Take ensampyłł of swyche blode, Take them for example, and not ignorant de∣pravers of the sacrament, And not of folys that can no goode, That wylle not to the sacrament, Doo Rewerence with good Entent. I dar wełł say that pryd gothe beforen, And schame comythe aftyr, and blawythe horne. who bring shame on themselves and their kin∣dred. Whan they wollde worshype wyne, They ar schamyd, and ałł here kynne. They fare in chyrche as a lyone strong, Lions in church and lambs in battle, And meke in feld as any lomb. Ȝif Enemys com to any coste, There wold I se hem blow her boste, where he would rather see them in pomp and circum∣stance, if need were, And in her othyr Read alther-best beste araye, Here long suerde and here lavncegaye. And ȝif ye wiłł wyn the flouur, Clothe hym in hys cotte armowyre, And so thoue may wyrchyp wyne, but still without pride. & chewe pryd withoutyn syne. In Envye they may be ałłsoo, Warning against the envious, they want pre∣cedence, and are first to run away. That no man schould be-for hem goo. Be svyche men, I ondyr-stonde, May be the sawacyon of ałł a londe! Schameles and brethelis—(that nowt thee May do) ałł a contre fle. And, thou I klype the, prowde knapys, As to the jester, he thous him, That make in holy chyrche Iapis, For he that wyłł with Enymyes Fyght, Wyłł worshyp god with ałł hys myght. Ther a man maye en-sampyłł see, and so end his warlike exam∣ples: Who wyłł fyght and who wyłł fle. Tho newyr Enemys com newyr in llonde, Thow ned the to fyght, I vndeyrstonde, but all have to fight manfully against the flesh and the devil. With youre flesche, and with the fende, That Eueryday hyt wyłł ȝow schende. God that mad more and lasse, Ȝif vs grace to here masse, A prayer for grace, And so to Fyght, and to praye, That we be sawyd at domys daye. and salvation at the last day. AMEN. Explicit meryta mysse.

Next I give the opening of Lydgate's "Virtutes Missarum" from the Harleian MS. 3954, fol. 76, col. 2, which, notwithstand∣ing the similarity of name, is not to be confounded with his "Vertue of the Masse," above, p. 163.

"Augustinus in libro de ciuitate, de vij virtutibus missarum. illo die quo videtur corpus Christi, victus necessarius tribuitur. ignorata iuramenta delentur · leuia colloquia dimittun∣tur · lumen oculorum confortatur · morte subitania non moritur · et si quis subito decesserit, pro communicatione habetur.

"LOrdyngis dygne an dere, Listen, Lords, and hear of a medicine that can save from hell. Lystyn & ȝe may here: I wyl ȝou shywyn a medicyne, þat xal ȝou sauyn fro helle pynne, ȝyf ȝ^e it vnderstonde aryth, ȝe xul wel plecyn god al-myth. Seynt austyn in hys boke tellys, St Austin is cited as saying, Quat man þat in erthe duellys, And here a masse with god wyl Qwat mede longyt þer tyl. that a mass heard by one shriven of sin, Quat man be clene out of synne And here a masse quan it be gyne, He xal hys fode [enjoy] þat day ensures sufficient food, Suffesantly I dar wel say. And thour þ^e virtu of þ^e masse, freedom from oaths lightly sworn, and forgiveness of idle words, Lyth othys suoryn xul fro hym passe; Idel wordis xul gon a-way And be for-ȝouyn I dar wel say. þ^e syth of hys eyn gryȝe Xal be confortyd, I ȝou seyȝe: strengthening of the eyes, ȝyf he se þis body in bred, It xal hym saue fro sodeyn ded; And ȝyf he happe þat day to deyȝe, and viaticum in case of sudden death. He stant for houselyd, I ȝow seye. þis wytnessyt seynt austyn And ledgyt hem in latyn. Witness St Austin and Lydgate. Xij vertuwys þere be mo I xal hem tellyn or I goo."

The twelve virtues follow. I add the third and sixth, as they are not often met with, and the sixth is a further example of apostolical authority being claimed. The eighth is given, post, p. 371.

"Gregorius · tercia virtus est quicquid comedit in die magis conuenit nature sue post audicionem misse quam ante.

"Sen gregory, þe good man, The iij scyl telle can. Quat man here messe or he dyne, It is a good medycyne; Hys mete xal han þ^e more fysoun Afterward be resoun."

"Paulus" vj^ta. virtus est mulier pregnans que interest misse deuota · si parit illo die · puerum parit sine magno dolore & sine dampne.

"Sen poule seyt quat woman with chylde Here a masse with herte mylde And happe to chylde þat day Here neythyr Neither of them. xal han no gret fray And þ^e moder þ^e soþ^e to seyne She xal han þ^e lesse peyne And þis is þ^e vj scyl To heryn messe with good wyl."

The medicinal effect which is vouched by St Gregory (III Virtus) appears under the name of St Ambrose in the Dicta Sanctorum, the opening lines of which are quoted, p. 370.

"Ambrosius dicit · Quicquid homo comedit aut bibit post missam̄./ melius ingerit et prodest ei plusquam Ante missam̄ quantum

"Seynt Ambrose doctour · whyche Affermyd was Oone of the foure · seythe As I shalle the telle A man that ete or drynkethe · Aftyr mas The mete or drynke dygestythe Alle so welle And to hys body · As trewe as gospelle Profytythe more · then̄ be fore mas to ete Therfore here mas · or thou take drynke or mete." Rawlinson MS. Poetry, 36, fol. 6b. The Virtewis from the Ratis Raving MS. (l. 3940) agrees with this in ascribing this to St Ambrose: "Item, sanct ambross sais that quhat euer met or drink a persone tak efter mess perfites hyme mar til hes heil and lang lyf, na It that he etes befor mess."

The case of the woman with child, which appears above under the name of St Paul, in these Dicta is assigned to St Chrysostom.

"Iohannes Crisostomus · Si contigerit nulierem (mulierem) parere die illa qua missam / Audierit Absque dolore magno pariet. /

"Ioħn Crisostom · Doctoure of gret renowne, Seythe yif hyt be so þat ony womane Wythe child · to be delyuered were bowne That day she here mas · yf hyt plese god whane The chyld shalle be borne · wythe oute sorow thane. Grete to þe pregnaunt · thys is a gret grace Now here thy mas whyls þou hast tyme and space." Rawlinson MS. Poetry, 36, fol. 7.

The same collection also professes to give the Latin of St Austin as to the remission of the "light oaths" (perjury) and "idle words" of Lydgate (above, p. 367); and as to hearing mass standing a man instead of being houseled, or taking his "rights."

"Augustinus · Videntibus corpus christi in prima die lumen conseruatur oculorum et omnia Iuramenta / vana iocosa periuria vel · ignota remittur (remittuntur).

"Austyne þe famous doctour excelent. Remembrythe the syghte · of Crystys bodye That day hyt is sene · thy syghte verament Conseruyd is · As lokynge wythe thyne Ie An Alle veyne othes · pleyes and periurye. Or vnknowyne synnes · relesyd bene they Here mas · and þou mayst not mysspede in feye."

"Augustinus · Si quis semel missam Audierit deuote prima die morte subitanea non / morietur · Et si sine communione obierit per communicato habetur in ecclesia /

"The same Austyne seythe · As ye may heer se A mas deuoutly herd · be eny man̄ That same day · no sodene dethe shalle haue he And yif he dye · wythe owte hys rygħtys than̄ For hys howselle hyt is had · As I can̄. Shewe you be wrytyng · As thys doctour wryte Therfor here mas · and therto þou delyte." Ib. fol. 8. In a Latin catena, "De virtutibus missae" (Bodl. MS. 832, fol. 168, b), the Latin of St Augustine is given in another form, but I need hardly say that the reader will search the "De Civitate" in vain for anything to justify it.

"Augustinus in libro de civitate dei de interessentibus in missis publicis seu priuatis digne et sine mortali peccato existentibus ista sequitur commoda vbi dicit. Quod illo die quo videtur corpus Christi victus necessarius tribuitur · ignorata iuramenta delentur · levia colloquia dimittuntur · lumen oculorum confortatur Morte subitania non morietur. Et siquis subito discescerit pro communicato habetur."

I now give the beginning of the Rawlinson MS., from which the above quotations have been made (Rawlinson MS. Poetry, 36), ff. 6-9.

"Hec sunt Dicta sanctorum de virtute sacramenti Altaris · Ac ffructu et effectu Misse provt infra patet.

"As dyuers doctours hathe wryt of the vertu In herynge of the mas · and eke of the syght Off the blessid sacrament whyche dothe subdu Alle euylle thoughtis · comaundyng be hys myghte The ylle Aungel of man̄ to be At hys Flyghte. Fro mannys sowle · that day he herythe a mas And sethe hym̄ · that is · shalle be · And euyr was."

The Dicta as those above given follow in Latin and English, and the piece ends with the following Envoy:

"¶ Now Frende · And þou canst vndyrstand latyne Rede the textys · of Alle tho holy men̄ Whyche been̄ A boue · þou mayst se here wryten̄ And yif þou vndyrstand · no latyne then̄ Rede þe Inglysshe · of euery balad when̄ Thou wylt · vndyr euery texte As þei stand And þen shalt þou those textys vndyrstand ¶ And yif þou hast bene slewfulle here be fore In heryng of mas · yyf þou rede welle þis Hyt shalle stere the · to here mas euyr more And so done · in feythe þou mayst not mys To plese god · and to purchas hevyne blys. To þe whyche blys · god send them̄ þat dayly Wylle here A mas · And they may come therby."

Lydgate's Vertue of the Mass (above, p. 167) ends with fifteen stanzas, which are rubricated "The vertu of heryng of Masse after seynt Bernard," the several virtues being of the same character as those in the pieces above quoted, except that here he does not assign them in the same ad libitum fashion to inspired or patristic authority. There is no occasion to multiply quotations, but I add one stanza because I do not remember to have met elsewhere with a similar appeal to the sailor's desire for a fair wind.

"¶ Masse herd aforne · the wynde is not contrary Sailors have no foul winds, To Maryners that day · in theyr sailing. And althyng · that is necessarye the poor have needful food, God sent to poraile "sendeth to preuayle."—W. de Worde. "poraile" may not have been familiar to the printer. · that day in theyr feedyng. Wymmen also · that gon on travelyng, and women in labour have good deliverance. Folke wel experte · have therof a pref, That herde masse in the mornyng Were delyuerd and felt "felt no myschefe."—W. de Worde. woo no myschef." MS. Harl. 2251, fol. 187, b.